Perioperative Patient Perspectives on Orthognathic Surgery - A Prospective Study.

Introduction: Understanding patient motivations and expectations of orthognathic surgery are critical aspects of the perioperative assessment, as these factors have been demonstrated to influence patient satisfaction with surgical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing orthognathic surgery by a tertiary oral and maxillofacial surgeon underwent two structured interviews to explore their pre-operative motivations for orthognathic surgery, their post-operative reflections on the surgery and their outcomes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.

Cryobiopsy with radial-endobronchial ultrasound (Cryo-Radial) has comparable diagnostic yield with higher safety in comparison to computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: An exploratory randomised study.

Background: Computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy (CT-TTB) is the 'gold standard' biopsy for lung nodules. Radial-endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) bronchoscopy is another recommended biopsy but carries a lower diagnostic yield. Addition of cryobiopsy with R-EBUS (Cryo-Radial) has shown promising results.

PCXMC cone beam computed tomography dosimetry investigations.

With cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in image guided radiation therapy being amongst the most widely used imaging modalities, there has been an increasing interest in quantifying the concomitant dose and risk. Whilst there have been several studies on this topic, there remains a lack of standardisation and knowledge on dose variations and the impact of patient size. Recently, PCXMC (a Monte Carlo simulator) has been used to assess both the concomitant dose and dosimetric impact of patient size variations for CBCT.

A tale of two robots: Operating times and learning curves in robot-assisted lumbar fusion.

Robotic assistance technologies are being incorporated into minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) to minimize radiation exposure to the patient and operating staff. However, they introduce new issues including increased operating time and difficult incorporation into surgical workflow. This study, conducted with 42 patients under the care of one neurosurgeon in Sydney, Australia, investigates the operating time increase with three different robotic modalities, and the learning curves they pose to the surgeon.

Radiological outcomes following hyperlordotic cage insertion in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Background: Cervical alignment is associated with myelopathy and quality of life. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) aims to decompress neural structures and optimise cervical alignment. This study examines the quantitative impact of the hyperlordotic 15° ACDF cage on cervical alignment, and compares it to that of the standard lordosis cage.

Definitive therapy of colonic angioectasia by submucosal coagulation.

 Colonic angioectasia are the most common vascular lesions in the gastrointestinal tract and are among the most common causes for chronic or recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic treatment involves a variety of techniques, all of which focus on destruction of the mucosal abnormality. However, recurrent bleeding after endoscopic treatment is common, with more than one treatment frequently necessary.

Early return to sport post maxillofacial fracture injury in the professional athlete: A systematic review.

Introduction: To summarize the current literature on return to sport times post-maxillofacial fracture injury in the professional athlete.

Materials And Methods: A literature search on six databases for articles relating to maxillofacial fractures, professional athletes, and return to sport times. Study design, clinical data, and author recommendations were analysed.

Efficacy of surgical excision and sub-dermal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of keloid scars after caesarean section: a single blind randomised controlled trial protocol.

Background: One of the first-line options to treat keloid scars is corticosteroid injection after excision of the existing scar. A thorough literature search has shown a lack of research on the injection of corticosteroid injection immediately after the excision of the existing caesarean section keloid scars. Therefore, in the proposed study, we aim to investigate the effect of surgical excision and corticosteroid (triamcinolone acetonide) injection immediately after surgical removal of old caesarean section keloid scars on the recurrence of the scars.

Palliative Care: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Interventions.

The authors conducted an integrative review to determine evidence-based and most efficient strategies for improving the palliative care of patients at the end-of-life stage. Thirteen articles that met the overall inclusion criteria were evaluated. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flowchart approach was used for the screening process.

Referral patterns for genetic counselling of women diagnosed with tubo-ovarian or peritoneal high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) within the Auckland Gynaecological Oncology Centre.

Background: Germline BRCA1/2 mutations account for approximately 15% of invasive ovarian carcinomas. Referral of all women with non-mucinous epithelial tubo-ovarian and peritoneal cancer, especially high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) to genetic services for genetic counselling and subsequent BRCA testing, has become standard of care in many countries. Publicly funded BRCA testing was restricted to women ≤70 years old with HGSC in New Zealand for most of our study period.

Validity of narrow band imaging in the detection of oral and oropharyngeal malignant lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis describes the validity of narrow band imaging (NBI) in the assessment of suspicious oral lesions.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched for trial studies comparing NBI with conventional modalities in the oral cavity (OC) and oropharynx (OP) for the detection of dysplastic and malignant change.

Results: Seven studies were found, and generally supported the utility of NBI in different clinical settings, although there were exceptions.

Validation of the accuracy of postpartum haemorrhage data in the ObstetriX database: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Data related to postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) are important clinical parameters which can be applied to all places of birth, and their recording can be missed by busy clinicians providing critical care to women. We compared the accuracy of electronic ObstetriX records to the paper-based medical records of the women who sustained PPH.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study over a period of one month, 363 electronic records were compared to the paper-based medical records.

Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Background: There has been renewal of interest in the use of prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the frequency of exacerbations and improve quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objectives: To determine whether or not regular (continuous, intermittent or pulsed) treatment of COPD patients with prophylactic antibiotics reduces exacerbations or affects quality of life.

Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trials Register and bibliographies of relevant studies.

Video-Game-Based Exercises for Older People With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlledtable Trial (GAMEBACK).

Background: Video game technology increases adherence to home exercise and could support self-management for older people with chronic low back pain (LBP).

Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of home-based video game exercises on pain self-efficacy and care-seeking in older people with chronic LBP.

Design: The study was a randomized controlled trial.

Novel hybrid cryo-radial method: an emerging alternative to CT-guided biopsy in suspected lung cancer. A prospective case series and description of technique.

In diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL), radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) is emerging as a safer method in comparison to CT-guided biopsy. Despite the better safety profile, the yield of R-EBUS remains lower (73%) than CT-guided biopsy (90%) due to the smaller size of samples. We adopted a hybrid method by adding cryobiopsy via the R-EBUS Guide Sheath (GS) to produce larger, non-crushed samples to improve diagnostic capability and enhance molecular testing.

The novel 19G endobronchial USS (EBUS) needle samples processed as tissue "core biopsies" facilitate PD-L1 and other biomarker testing in lung cancer specimens: case report and the view point from the Respiratory Physician and the Pathologist.

The immunohistochemical expression of Programmed Death Ligand (PD-L1) predicts responses to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PD-L1 testing is currently only recommended on tissue specimens; however, in many patients, cytology samples are the only specimens available. The introduction of the novel 19G "core-biopsy" needle has revolutionized the utility of endobronchial USS-guided biopsy (EBUS) by providing solid tissue "microbiopsies" rather than traditional liquid cytology samples.

Video-game based exercises for older people with chronic low back pain: a protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (the GAMEBACK trial).

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility of implementing a video-game exercise programme for older people with chronic low back pain (LBP).

Design: Single-centred single-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Setting: Physiotherapy outpatient department in a public hospital in Western Sydney, Australia.

Perfusion redistribution after a pulmonary-embolism-like event with contrast enhanced EIT.

Recent studies showed that regional pulmonary perfusion can be reliably estimated using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with the aid of hypertonic saline based contrast enhancement. Building on these successful studies, we studied contrast EIT for pulmonary perfusion defect caused by an artificially induced pulmonary embolism (PE) in a large ovine model (N = 8, 78 ± 7.8 kg).

Immunohistochemistry for PMS2 and MSH6 alone can replace a four antibody panel for mismatch repair deficiency screening in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Aims: Currently, testing for mismatch repair deficiency in colorectal cancers is initiated by performing immunohistochemistry with four antibodies (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6). If any one of these stains is negative the tumour is considered microsatellite unstable and, if clinical circumstances warrant it, the patient is offered genetic testing for Lynch's syndrome. Due to the binding properties of the mismatch repair heterodimer complexes, gene mutation and loss of MLH1 and MSH2 invariably result in the degradation of PMS2 and MSH6, respectively, but the converse is not true.

Post-partum pituitary apoplexy with bilateral third nerve palsy and bilateral carotid occlusion.

This study describes a patient with post-partum collapse secondary to pituitary apoplexy with bilateral carotid artery occlusion. A 29-year-old female, post delivery of a healthy child, presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3, fixed dilated pupils, complete ophthalmoplegia, and bilateral compression of the internal carotid arteries. These symptoms were due to a giant pituitary macroadenoma.