571 results match your criteria: "Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research and University of Sydney; linda.bendall@sydney.edu.au.[Affiliation]"

Article Synopsis
  • Researchers studied strokes from 1990 to 2021 to understand how many people get them and how they are affected around the world.
  • In 2021, strokes caused about 7.3 million deaths and were a major cause of health problems, especially in specific regions like Southeast Asia and Oceania.
  • There are differences in stroke risks based on where people live and their age, and some areas actually saw more strokes happening since 2015.
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Background: Infections have a poor prognosis in inpatients with cirrhosis. We aimed to determine regional variations in infections and their association with clinical outcomes in a global cohort of inpatients with cirrhosis.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study initiated by the CLEARED Consortium, we enrolled adults (aged >18 years) with cirrhosis who were non-electively admitted to 98 hospitals from 26 countries or regions across six continents between Nov 5, 2021, and Dec 10, 2022.

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Background: Factors associated with severe COVID-19 infection have been identified; however, the impact of infection on longer-term outcomes is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 infection on the trajectory of lung function and nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF).

Methods: This is a retrospective global cohort study of pwCF who had confirmed COVID-19 infection diagnosed between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021.

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Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-developed depressive symptom screening scale.

Design: Prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

Setting: Ten primary health care services or residential alcohol and other drug rehabilitation services in Australia that predominantly serve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

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Background: Bile acids (BAs), products of gut microbiota metabolism, have long been implicated in atherosclerotic disease pathogenesis. Characterizing the serum bile acid profile and exploring its potential role in carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) development are crucial tasks.

Methods: In this study, we recruited 73 patients with CAS as the disease group and 77 healthy individuals as the control group.

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Exploring the potential of the TCR repertoire as a tumor biomarker (Review).

Oncol Lett

September 2024

Institute of Cancer Biology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China.

T cells play an important role in adaptive immunity. Mature T cells specifically recognize antigens on major histocompatibility complex molecules through T-cell receptors (TCRs). As the TCR repertoire is highly diverse, its analysis is vital in the assessment of T cells.

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Anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 for advanced melanoma patients with liver metastases.

Eur J Cancer

July 2024

Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The study examines the effectiveness of combining anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies compared to anti-PD-1 alone for advanced melanoma patients with liver metastases.
  • Results showed a higher objective response rate in the combination therapy group (47%) versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy (35%), though no significant differences were found in progression-free or overall survival rates.
  • The study concludes that combination therapy may offer better treatment responses, suggesting it should be considered for patients with liver metastases in future treatment plans.
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  • This update reviews the use of antiviral medications to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in solid organ transplant recipients, building on findings from previous reviews in 2005, 2008, and 2013.
  • The objective is to evaluate the benefits and potential harms of these medications, specifically their effect on preventing CMV disease and all-cause mortality.
  • The analysis of 41 studies with over 5,000 participants found new insights into the effectiveness of antiviral prophylaxis, aiming to summarize results using risk ratios and mean differences.
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Increasing evidence suggests that mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) play a crucial role in anti-tumor responses against various cancers. In this study, we investigated the immune characteristics of MAIT cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using multi-parameter flow cytometry, we performed phenotypic and functional analysis of MAITs in peripheral blood or bone marrow samples collected from 131 patients with AML including 99 newly diagnosed, 18 remission, and 14 relapsed cases, as well as 69 healthy controls.

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Aim: Interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12 contribute to immune responses against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Polymorphisms in the IL-10 and IL-12A genes might affect the clinical outcome of HBV infection. We evaluated the association of IL-10 rs1800896 and rs3024490, and IL-12A rs568408 and rs2243115 with the progression of HBV infection and development of severe liver disease stages in a white European population.

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International Delphi Consensus Study on disposable single-use endoscopy: A path to clinical adoption.

Dig Liver Dis

February 2024

Department of Gastroenterology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.

Background/objective: Increasing infectious rate estimates and low microbiological surveillance affect safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy globally. Single use endoscopes and accessories have been claimed to improve safety, but there is lack of data on their indication and sustainability. We aimed to identify a series of best practice recommendations for the use of single use endoscopes and accessories using a modified Delphi.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how country-level income affects mortality rates in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis, using data from 90 hospitals across 25 countries.
  • Researchers collected data on patient demographics, disease severity, and treatment access while comparing outcomes based on the income classification of the countries involved.
  • The primary outcomes focused on mortality and liver transplants during the hospital stay or within 30 days of discharge, aiming to identify predictors of death among cirrhotic patients in different income settings.
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  • The study aimed to assess the link between an elevated hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and negative pregnancy outcomes in women with singleton pregnancies.
  • A cohort of 11,929 women was analyzed, focusing on those who had liver enzyme tests; results showed that elevated HSI was more common in multiparous and overweight/obese women.
  • Findings indicated a significant association between elevated HSI and adverse maternal outcomes, but no significant link was found for neonatal outcomes after adjusting for other risk factors.
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Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) promotes liver disease progression and hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the promotor region of the gene can affect the progression towards liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to investigate the association of three common SNPs with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC in Caucasian patients.

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Background: Up to 50% of patients with uveal melanoma develop metastases (MUM) with a poor prognosis and median overall survival of approximately 1 year.

Methods: This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficacy of the oral protein kinase C inhibitor LXS196 in 68 patients with MUM (NCT02601378). Patients received LXS196 doses ranging from 100-1000 mg once daily (QD; n = 38) and 200-400 mg twice daily (BID; n = 30).

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Article Synopsis
  • Common SNPs may account for 40-50% of human height variation, and this study identifies 12,111 SNPs linked to height from a large sample of 5.4 million individuals.
  • These SNPs cluster in 7,209 genomic segments, encompassing about 21% of the genome and showing varying densities enriched in relevant genes.
  • While these SNPs explain a substantial portion of height variance in European populations (40-45%), their predictive power is lower (10-24%) in other ancestries, suggesting a need for more research to enhance understanding in diverse populations.
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Background: Adjuvant pembrolizumab significantly improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) versus placebo in resected stage IIB and IIC melanoma in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-716 study. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) results are reported.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to pembrolizumab 200 mg (2 mg/kg, patients ≥12 to <18 years) Q3W or placebo for ≤17 cycles or until disease recurrence, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal.

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The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and its association on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes Res Clin Pract

September 2022

Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Reproduction and Perinatal Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address:

Aims: To determine the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its association on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: 380 women with GDM had a FibroScan® performed between 24 and 32 weeks. A Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) ≥ 233.

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Hyperprogressive Disease in Malignant Carcinoma With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Use: A Review.

Front Nutr

March 2022

Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown durable remissions and improved long-term survival across a variety of cancer types. However, there is growing evidence that a significant subset of nonresponsive patients may exhibit hyperprogressive disease (HPD) during the initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Moreover, patients with HPD triggered by ICIs are always correlated with a deteriorating quality of life and poor prognosis.

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Development of a Checklist of Potentially Traumatic Events in Children and Adolescents (CEPT-CA).

Port J Public Health

April 2022

Department of Psychology and Education, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.

Introduction: Since exposure to potentially traumatic events during childhood and adolescence has been shown to be very common, its screening is very important. Our aim was to develop a self-assessment checklist to perform screening of potentially traumatic events in childhood and adolescence.

Methods: The development of the Checklist of Potentially Traumatic Events in Children and Adolescents (CEPT-CA) was based on: (a) the structure of Life Events Checklist that has been translated, back-translated, and adapted; (b) recommendations of renowned entities about trauma in childhood; (c) particularities of potentially traumatic events in childhood; (d) adapting the language to the target population's age group; (e) Portugal's sociocultural context.

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Interleukin-33 Exacerbates IgA Glomerulonephritis in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing B Cell Activating Factor.

J Am Soc Nephrol

May 2022

Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.

Background: The cytokine IL-33 is an activator of innate lymphoid cells 2 (ILC2s) in innate immunity and allergic inflammation. B cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a central role in B cell proliferation and differentiation, and high levels of this protein cause excess antibody production, including IgA. BAFF-transgenic mice overexpress BAFF and spontaneously develop glomerulonephritis that resembles human IgA nephropathy.

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Background: Conditional survival estimates provide critical prognostic information for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Efficacy, safety, and conditional survival outcomes were assessed in CheckMate 214 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02231749) with a minimum follow-up of 5 years.

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Objective: Management of covert submucosal invasive cancer (SMIC) discovered after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (pEMR) of large (>20 mm) non-pedunculated colorectal polyps is challenging. The residual cancer risk is largely unknown. We sought to evaluate this in a large tertiary referral cohort.

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Antiplatelet agents for chronic kidney disease.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev

February 2022

Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Background: Antiplatelet agents are widely used to prevent cardiovascular events. The risks and benefits of antiplatelet agents may be different in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for whom occlusive atherosclerotic events are less prevalent, and bleeding hazards might be increased. This is an update of a review first published in 2013.

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Purpose: Currently, there are no robust biomarkers that predict immunotherapy outcomes in metastatic melanoma. We sought to build multivariable predictive models for response and survival to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) monotherapy or in combination with anticytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4 (ipilimumab [IPI]; anti-PD-1 ± IPI) by including routine clinical data available at the point of treatment initiation.

Methods: One thousand six hundred forty-four patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 ± IPI at 16 centers from Australia, the United States, and Europe were included.

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