Neural correlates of changing food choices while bypassing values.

Current theories suggest that altering choices requires value modification. To investigate this, normal-weight female participants' food choices and values were tested before and after an approach-avoidance training (AAT), while neural activity was recorded during the choice task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During AAT, participants consistently approached low- while avoiding high-calorie food cues.

Childhood trauma and violent behavior in adolescents are differentially related to cognitive-emotional deficits.

Introduction: Converging neurobiological and epidemiological evidence indicates that exposure to traumatic events in the early stages of development, that is, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), negatively affects the likelihood of being involved in violent behavior later in life. These problems are hypothesized to be mediated by the disruption of executive functions, in particular, the ability to inhibit inappropriate actions. Here we aimed to distinguish the contribution of inhibition in non-emotional and emotional situations (i.

The nature and persistence of the effects of posthypnotic suggestions on food preferences: The final report of an online study.

The persistence of food preferences, which are crucial for diet-related decisions, is a significant obstacle to changing unhealthy eating behavior. To overcome this obstacle, the current study investigates whether posthypnotic suggestions (PHSs) can enhance food-related decisions by measuring food choices and subjective ratings. After assessing hypnotic susceptibility in Session 1, at the beginning of Session 2, a PHS was delivered aiming to increase the desirability of healthy food items (e.

Face Processing in Developmental Prosopagnosia: Altered Neural Representations in the Fusiform Face Area.

Face expertise is a pivotal social skill. Developmental prosopagnosia (DP), i.e.

Expanding the spectrum of syndromic PPP2R3C-related XY gonadal dysgenesis to XX gonadal dysgenesis.

Homozygous variants in PPP2R3C have been reported to cause a syndromic 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis phenotype with extragonadal manifestations (GDRM, MIM# 618419) in patients from four unrelated families, whereas heterozygous variants have been linked to reduced fertility with teratozoospermia (SPGF36, MIM# 618420) in male carriers. We present eight patients from four unrelated families of Turkish and Indian descent with three different germline homozygous PPP2R3C variants including a novel in-frame duplication (c.639_647dupTTTCTACTC, p.

Long term follow-up of a simplified and less burdened pancreatic duct ligation model of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in Goettingen Minipigs.

Background: Pancreatic duct ligation in a minipig model leads to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). This allows the study of digestive processes and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapies. However, detailed descriptions of the surgical procedure, perioperative management, a determination of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are scarce in the literature.

µ-opioid receptor-mediated downregulation of midline thalamic pathways to basal and central amygdala.

Brain µ-opioid receptors (MOR) mediate reward and help coping with pain, social rejection, anxiety and depression. The dorsal midline thalamus (dMT) integrates visceral/emotional signals and biases behavior towards aversive or defensive states through projections to the amygdala. While a dense MOR expression in the dMT has been described, the exact cellular and synaptic mechanisms of µ-opioidergic modulation in the dMT-amygdala circuitry remain unresolved.

Blood clot removal by cryoextraction in critically ill patients with pulmonary hemorrhage.

Background: Severe pulmonary hemorrhage is a life-threatening complication in critically ill patients. Due to tracheobronchial obstruction, ventilation is often impaired. Traditionally, rigid bronchoscopy is an option for recanalization.

Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy as treatment for severe interstitial lung diseases.

Introduction: Besides invasive or non-invasive ventilation, treatment of severe forms of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) includes immunosuppressive medication. In case of refractory organ- or life-threatening courses of disease, cyclophosphamide pulse therapy can serve as a rescue treatment option.

Objectives: To investigate therapeutic and prognostic effects of cyclophosphamide for the treatment of severe forms of ILD on intensive care unit (ICU) we performed this analysis.

Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan as a therapeutic alternative for follicular lymphoma (FL): A single-center experience.

Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most frequent indolent lymphoma subtype in adults. Maintenance therapy with rituximab is frequently applied to FL patients with complete or partial response following initial chemoimmunotherapy. However, radioimmunotherapy with Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan represents a therapeutic alternative.

CD13 as target for tissue factor induced tumor vascular infarction in small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Zinc-binding protease aminopeptidase N (CD13) is expressed on tumor vascular cells and tumor cells. It represents a potential candidate for molecular targeted therapy, e.g.

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and is reported to be a promising target for antibody-based radioligand therapy in patients with metastasized prostate cancer. Since PSMA expression is not restricted to prostate cancer, the underlying study investigates PSMA expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Material And Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to identify PSMA expression in n = 275 samples of NSCLC tissue specimens.

Rhesus CE expression on patient red blood cells is an independent prognostic factor for adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Objectives: The influence of blood group antigens on cancerogenesis is shown for distinct tumor types, yet the impact of Rhesus blood group antigens in lung cancer is not clarified.

Materials And Methods: To investigate the impact of Rhesus blood groups a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) collective (n = 1047) was analyzed retrospectively. Using a second cohort of n = 340 primarily operated stage I-III NSCLC patients, we evaluated immunohistochemistry of CD47-antibody stained tissue samples in correlation to histopathologic subtype and Rhesus blood group.

Individual differences in self-reported self-control predict successful emotion regulation.

Both self-control and emotion regulation enable individuals to adapt to external circumstances and social contexts, and both are assumed to rely on the overlapping neural resources. Here, we tested whether high self-reported self-control is related to successful emotion regulation on the behavioral and neural level. One hundred eight participants completed three self-control questionnaires and regulated their negative emotions during functional magnetic resonance imaging using reappraisal (distancing).

Unraveling the Function of the Response Regulator BcSkn7 in the Stress Signaling Network of Botrytis cinerea.

Important for the lifestyle and survival of every organism is the ability to respond to changing environmental conditions. The necrotrophic plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea triggers an oxidative burst in the course of plant infection and therefore needs efficient signal transduction to cope with this stress. The factors involved in this process and their precise roles are still not well known.

Prognostic impact of Bcl-2 depends on tumor histology and expression of MALAT-1 lncRNA in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Apoptosis is a crucial pathway in tumor growth and metastatic development. Apoptotic proteins regulate the underlying molecular cascades and are thought to modulate the tumor response to chemotherapy and radiation. However, the prognostic value of the expression of apoptosis regulators in localized non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear.

Composition and growth behavior of the surface and electrolyte decomposition layer of/on a commercial lithium ion battery LixNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode determined by sputter depth profile X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

A detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of the surface and electrolyte decomposition layer of a LixNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) cathode from commercial NMC/graphite cells by intense sputter depth profiling (SDP) using a polyatomic ion gun is provided. Cathodes of a cell after electrochemical formation and a cell at a state of initial capacity (SOIC) of 80%, which was reached after 2500 full cycles at 30 °C, are investigated.

Interface investigations of a commercial lithium ion battery graphite anode material by sputter depth profile X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Here we provide a detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of the electrode/electrolyte interface of a graphite anode from commercial NMC/graphite cells by intense sputter depth profiling using a polyatomic ion gun. The uniqueness of this method lies in the approach using 13-step sputter depth profiling (SDP) to obtain a detailed model of the film structure, which forms at the electrode/electrolyte interface often noted as the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). In addition to the 13-step SDP, several reference experiments of the untreated anode before formation with and without electrolyte were carried out to support the interpretation.

The NADPH oxidase complexes in Botrytis cinerea: evidence for a close association with the ER and the tetraspanin Pls1.

NADPH oxidases (Nox) are major enzymatic systems that generate reactive-oxygen species (ROS) in multicellular eukaryotes. In several fungi they have been shown to be involved in sexual differentiation and pathogenicity. However, in contrast to the well characterized mammalian systems, basic information on the composition, recruitment, and localization of fungal Nox complexes and on the molecular mechanisms of their cellular effects are still lacking.

Formation of cationic [RP5Cl](+)-cages via insertion of [RPCl](+)-cations into a P-P bond of the P4 tetrahedron.

Fluorobenzene solutions of RPCl(2) and a Lewis acid such as ECl(3) (E = Al, Ga) in a 1:1 ratio are used as reactive sources of chlorophosphenium cations [RPCl](+), which insert into P-P bonds of dissolved P(4). This general protocol represents a powerful strategy for the synthesis of new cationic chloro-substituted organophosphorus [RP(5)Cl](+)-cages as illustrated by the isolation of several monocations (21a-g(+)) in good to excellent yields. For singular reaction two possible reaction mechanisms are proposed on the basis of quantum chemical calculations.

Influence of protein histidine phosphatase overexpression and down-regulation on human umbilical-vein endothelial cell viability.

PHP (protein histidine phosphatase) is expressed by mammalian tissues, particularly in blood vessel walls. We investigated whether PHP plays a significant role in endothelial cells. By Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis PHP was found in HUVEC (human umbilical-vein endothelial cells).

The small GTPase BcCdc42 affects nuclear division, germination and virulence of the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea.

The small GTPase Cdc42 plays a central role in various processes in eukaryotic cells including growth, differentiation and cytoskeleton organization. Whereas it is essential in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, its role in filamentous fungi differs, due to the complementing, partly overlapping function of Rac. We analyzed the role of the Cdc42 homologue in the necrotrophic, broad host range pathogen Botrytis cinerea.

Nanoscaled surface patterning of conducting polymers.

In continuing the steady development of integrated-circuit-related fabrication, the ability to pattern conducting polymers into smaller and smaller sizes in order to realize devices with enhanced performance or even wholly new properties begins to take a more prominent role in their advanced applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in top-down and bottom-up patterning of conducting polymers on surfaces with different approaches including direct writing, in-situ synthesis or assembly, etching, and nanoscratching. All of the latest emerging strategies have the potential to go beyond the current state of the art towards real progress in terms of high-precision positioning, high resolution, high throughout, higher stability, facile processing, and lower-cost production.

Metalloproteinase mediated occludin cleavage in the cerebral microcapillary endothelium under pathological conditions.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) induce modifications in the tight junction (TJ) protein occludin which is crucial for the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. We investigated the role of ROS and MMPs in endothelial autoregulatory response on oxidative stress with respect to occludin and the BBB integrity. The ROS hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was applied to our well-established BBB cell culture model based on primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCEC).

TIMP-3: a novel target for glucocorticoid signaling at the blood-brain barrier.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of GCs on the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, the TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases). We could demonstrate that all four known TIMPs are present at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium.