Time-resolved fluorescence measurements of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a function of environmental parameters in estuarine waters.

Fluorescent lifetimes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and associated physicochemical parameters were measured over 14 months in an estuary in Southern California, USA. Measurements were made on 77 samples from sites near the inlet, mid-estuary, and outlet to maximize the range of physicochemical variables. Time-resolved fluorescence data were well fit to a triexponential model with an intermediate lifetime component (τ: 1 to 5 ns), a long lifetime component (τ: 2 to 15 ns), and a short lifetime component (τ: < 1 ns).

Perceptions of sexual assault perpetrators, victims, and event depend on system justification beliefs and perpetrator atonement.

When accused of wrongdoing, a sexual assault perpetrator may express atonement, i.e., he may acknowledge harm done, take responsibility, and make amends.

Sex Differences in the Anxiolytic Properties of Common Cannabis Terpenes, Linalool and β-Myrcene, in Mice.

Volatile organic compounds, colloquially referred to as "terpenes", have been proposed to impact the therapeutic qualities that are traditionally ascribed to cannabis. However, the contribution of these terpenes in anxiety, at relevant levels and exposure methods common with cannabis use, is lacking empirical assessment. We tested the anxiolytic properties of two prominent cannabis terpenes, linalool and β-myrcene, in male and female mice using short duration vapor pulls to model human inhalation when combusting flower or vaping cannabis oil.

Spectral scanning and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) enable separation and characterization of C. elegans autofluorescence in the Cuticle and Gut.

C. elegans gut and cuticle produce a disruptive amount of autofluorescence during imaging. Although C.

Happy Normativists: Do Children Express Happiness When Following Conventional Norms?

Young children rapidly acquire and rigidly adhere to conventional norms. Prior accounts of this early-emerging norm behavior propose that children perceive conventional norms as obligations to their cultural groups and, in conforming to the norms, sacrifice their individual desires for the welfare of the group. In the current research, we investigate the hypothesis that children may actually derive happiness from adhering to conventional norms, thus aligning rather than diverging from their individual desires.

The conformation of the nSrc specificity-determining loop in the Src SH3 domain is modulated by a WX conserved sequence motif found in SH3 domains.

Cellular signaling networks are modulated by multiple protein-protein interaction domains that coordinate extracellular inputs and processes to regulate cellular processes. Several of these domains recognize short linear motifs, or SLiMs, which are often highly conserved and are closely regulated. One such domain, the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, typically recognizes proline-rich SLiMs and is one of the most abundant SLiM-binding domains in the human proteome.

A Closed-Loop Ear-Worn Wearable EEG System with Real-Time Passive Electrode Skin Impedance Measurement for Early Autism Detection.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a chronic neurological disorder with the severity directly linked to the diagnosis age. The severity can be reduced if diagnosis and intervention are early (age < 2 years). This work presents a novel ear-worn wearable EEG system designed to aid in the early detection of ASD.

How pairs of insertion mutations impact protein structure: an exhaustive computational study.

Summary: Understanding how amino acid insertion mutations affect protein structure can inform pharmaceutical efforts targeting diseases that are caused by protein mutants. simulation of mutations complements experiments performed on physical proteins which are time and cost prohibitive. We have computationally generated the exhaustive sets of two amino acid insertion mutations for five protein structures in the Protein Data Bank.

Identification of an Outbreak of Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia in Soft-Shell Clams () in the Puget Sound Using Hemolymph and eDNA Surveys.

Bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN) is one of three known types of naturally transmissible cancer-cancers in which the whole cancer cells move from individual to individual, spreading through natural populations. BTN is a lethal leukemia-like cancer that has been observed throughout soft-shell clam () populations on the east coast of North America, with two distinct sublineages circulating at low enzootic levels in New England, USA, and Prince Edward Island, Canada. Major cancer outbreaks likely due to BTN (MarBTN) were reported in 1980s and the 2000s and the disease has been observed since the 1970s, but it has not been observed in populations of this clam species on the US west coast.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of the family Suberitidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) in California.

This study presents a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the family Suberitidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) for California, USA. We include the three species previously known from the region, document two additional species previously known from other regions, and formally describe four new species as Pseudosuberites latke sp. nov.

Endangered Pinto/Northern Abalone () are Panmictic Across Their 3700 km Range Along the Pacific Coast of North America.

Connectivity is integral to the dynamics of metapopulations through dispersal and gene flow, and understanding these processes is essential for guiding conservation efforts. Abalone, broadcast-spawning marine snails associated with shallow rocky habitats, have experienced widespread declines, and all seven North American species are threatened. We investigated the connectivity and population genomics of pinto/northern abalone (), the widest-ranging of abalone species.

The effects of diatom polyunsaturated aldehydes on embryonic and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Marine diatoms are pervasive in many planktonic and benthic environments and represent an important food source for a wide range of species. Some diatoms produce polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) as defensive toxins. PUA exposure is known to reduce the fecundity of invertebrate grazers like copepods and echinoderm larvae, but little is known about the effects of PUAs on vertebrates.

Suppression of Huntington's Disease Somatic Instability by Transcriptional Repression and Direct CAG Repeat Binding.

Huntington's disease (HD) arises from a CAG expansion in the () gene beyond a critical threshold. A major thrust of current HD therapeutic development is lowering levels of mutant mRNA (m) and protein (mHTT) with the aim of reducing the toxicity of these product(s). Human genetic data also support a key role for somatic instability (SI) in 's CAG repeat - whereby it lengthens with age in specific somatic cell types - as a key driver of age of motor dysfunction onset.

Analysis of transition rates from variational flooding using analytical theory.

Variational flooding is an enhanced sampling method for obtaining kinetic rates from molecular dynamics simulations. This method is inspired by the idea of conformational flooding that employs a boost potential acting along a chosen reaction coordinate to accelerate rare events. In this work, we show how the empirical distribution of crossing times from variational flooding simulations can be modeled with analytical Kramers' time-dependent rate (KTR) theory.

Biophysical characterization of blood coagulation factor VIII binding to lipid nanodiscs that mimic activated platelet surfaces.

Background: Following proteolytic activation, activated blood coagulation factor (F)VIII (FVIIIa) binds to activated platelet membranes, forming the intrinsic tenase complex with activated FIX (FIXa). Previous studies have identified the C1 and C2 domains as the membrane binding domains of FVIII through conserved arginine residues. A membrane binding model for the FVIII C domains proposes that surface-exposed hydrophobic and positively charged residues at each C domain interact with the membrane, yet a comprehensive thermodynamic and structural description of this interaction is lacking.

Amino acid variability at W194 of Staphylococcus aureus sortase A alters nucleophile specificity.

Bacterial sortases are a family of cysteine transpeptidases in Gram-positive bacteria of which sortase A (SrtA) enzymes are responsible for ligating proteins to the peptidoglycan layer of the cell surface. Engineered versions of sortases are also used in sortase-mediated ligation (SML) strategies for a variety of protein engineering applications. Although a versatile tool, substrate recognition by Staphylococcus aureus SrtA (saSrtA), the most commonly utilized enzyme in SML, is stringent and relies on an LPXTG pentapeptide motif.

Serious Games for Serious Pain: Development and Initial Testing of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Game for Patients With Advanced Cancer Pain.

Purpose: Cancer-related pain is prevalent among people with advanced cancer. To improve accessibility and engagement with pain-cognitive behavioral therapy (pain-CBT), we developed and tested a serious game hosted within a mobile health intervention that delivers pain-CBT and pharmacologic support. The game focuses on teaching and practicing cognitive restructuring (CR), a central pain-CBT intervention component.

Integrating systems of power and privilege in the study of resilience.

Although current approaches to the study of resilience acknowledge the role of context, rarely do those conceptualizations attend to societal systems and structures that include hierarchies of power and privilege-namely systems of racism, colonialism, patriarchy, and capitalism-nor do they articulate how these structural realities are embedded within individual experiences. We offer critiques of the current literature from this structural lens, using the concept of master narratives to articulate the incomplete and, at times, damaging story that the discipline of psychology has told about resilience. We then provide three models that center history, systems, and structures of society that can be employed in the study of resilience.

Rapid decline in extratropical Andean snow cover driven by the poleward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies.

Seasonal snow in the extratropical Andes is a primary water source for major rivers supplying water for drinking, agriculture, and hydroelectric power in Central Chile. Here, we used estimates from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to analyze changes in snow cover extent over the period 2001-2022 in a total of 18 watersheds spanning approximately 1,100 km across the Chilean Andes (27-36°S). We found that the annual snow cover extent is receding in the watersheds analyzed at an average pace of approximately 19% per decade.

SIFT-ing Through Misinformation: Reflection Notebooks to Teach Critical Digital Literacy.

Background: The COVID-19 infodemic revealed nurses are not immune from disseminating health misinformation. Furthermore, the 2021 American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Essentials require competency in social media literacy. Nurse educators need to prepare students to identify credible information online for safe and ethical practice.

Future directions for equity-centered body image and eating disorders prevention work.

This article concludes the special issue, , by reflecting on some of the shared themes as the bases for guiding improvements, if not innovations, in future research. Overall, the articles in this collection highlight the progress achieved within eating disorders prevention in recent years, while addressing many of the existing-and sometimes glaring-gaps within the field. While these manuscripts represent important steps forward, they also offer conceptual frameworks and methodological roadmaps for future developments in the field.

Noisy nests: Early-life noise exposure impacts songbird fitness.

Recent findings indicate that noise pollution - presented in the absence of other variables - has both immediate-term impacts on young birds' developmental rates and physiology as well as long-term effects on adult telomere length and reproductive success. This work highlights yet another set of negative impacts caused by anthropogenic noise, and suggests that the dramatic fitness consequences observed likely have implications for the evolution of learning and behavior in animals living in noisy environments.

Time-resolved fluorescence of oils and oil distillates in artificial seawater at low excitation wavelengths: Assessing the use of lifetimes to decouple oil and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorophores in natural waters.

It is challenging to decouple typical protein-like chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorophores from oil-related fluorophores in natural waters using standard steady-state fluorescence techniques. In the present work, time-resolved florescence spectroscopy was explored as a means of differentiating between these two types of fluorophores. Fluorescence lifetimes of oil products were measured as a function of excitation and emission wavelength in artificial seawater.

Characterization of the literature informing health care of transgender and gender-diverse persons: A bibliometric analysis.

Background And Objective: Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) persons experience health inequities compared to their cisgender peers, which is in part related to limited evidence informing their care. Thus, we aimed to describe the literature informing care provision of TGD individuals.

Data Source, Eligibility Criteria, And Synthesis Methods: Literature cited by the World Professional Association of Transgender Health Standards of Care Version 8 was reviewed.