Recombinant vs Egg-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccination for Nursing Home Residents: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Importance: Influenza vaccination remains the most important intervention to prevent influenza morbidity and mortality among nursing home residents. The additional effectiveness of recombinant influenza vaccine vs standard dose vaccines was demonstrated in outpatient older adults but has not been evaluated in nursing home populations.

Objective: To compare hospitalization rates among residents in nursing homes immunized with a recombinant vs a standard dose egg-based influenza vaccine.

High incidence of tuberculosis in young children living with HIV in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Background: Data on tuberculosis (TB) incidence and risk factors among children living with HIV (CLHIV) in the universal ART era are limited.

Methods: We analysed routinely-collected data on TB diagnoses for CLHIV age ≤5 years, born 2018-2022, in the Westen Cape, South Africa. We examined factors associated with TB diagnosis, with death and loss to follow-up as competing events.

Blue Light Damages Retinal Ganglion Cells Via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in Chickens.

Purpose: Because chickens have excellent light perception properties, this study focused on investigating whether monochromatic light can cause photodamage in chicken retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

Methods: Post-hatching day chickens were exposed to four different light-emitting diode light environments for five weeks, respectively, monochromatic blue light (480 nm), green light (560 nm), red light (660 nm), or white light (6000 K). The mechanisms through which monochromatic light influences the structure of the chicken retina were analyzed by detecting the morphological structure of the retina, gene and protein expression levels, and the ultrastructure of the optic nerve.

History of Multiple Allergies and Gradual Onset Running-Related Injuries in Distance Runners: SAFER XXXV.

Objective: To determine if any gradual onset running-related injury (GORRI) was associated with any allergies, multiple allergies (allergies to animals, plants, medication), and allergy medication use.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Setting: Two Oceans Marathons (56 km, 21.

Physicians-in-training and advanced practice providers perceptions in managing perioperative obstructive sleep apnea: a multi-institutional survey.

Study Objectives: Physicians-in-training (residents, fellows) and Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) receive limited education on sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). They often assess patients first. We aimed to understand their views on OSA and screening for OSA in the perioperative period.

Assembly and performance of a cholera RDT prototype that detects both and associated bacteriophage as a proxy for pathogen detection.

Cholera rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are vulnerable to virulent bacteriophage predation. We hypothesized that an enhanced cholera RDT that detects the common virulent bacteriophage ICP1 might serve as a proxy for pathogen detection. We previously developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the ICP1 major capsid protein.

High-sensitivity detection of DNA in tongue swab samples.

Unlabelled: Tongue swab (TS) sampling combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) to detect (MTB) DNA is a promising alternative to sputum testing for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. In prior studies, the sensitivity of tongue swabbing has usually been lower than sputum. In this study, we evaluated two strategies to improve sensitivity.

Peer review comments: Friend or foe?

Peer review is a time-honored cornerstone of publishing. Peer reviewers, often blinded to the author, provide feedback to clarify the manuscript and validate the key messages and sciences. Authors may openly accept the feedback outright and make revisions.

Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Methylthioether-Containing Cytochalasins from AS-506, an Endozoic Fungus Associated with Deep-Sea Sponge of Magellan Seamounts.

Ten cytochalasin derivatives, including six new methylthioether-containing chaetoglobosins (thiochaetoglobosins A-F, ), a new related congener (18-nor-prochaetoglobosin II, ), and three known unsulfured counterparts (), were isolated and identified from AS-506, an endozoic fungus isolated from a deep-sea sponge, which was collected from Magellan Seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean. Their structures were determined by extensive interpretation of the spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic data, as well as by ECD calculations. Structurally, thiochaetoglobosins A-F () represent the first examples of chaetoglobosin derivatives containing a methylthioether group in the molecules, while 18-nor-prochaetoglobosin II () is the first 18-nor-chaetoglobosin derivative.

Biodegradable PHBVHHx-PEG/Collagen Hydrogel Scaffolds for Cartilage Repair.

Recently, there has been increased attention on the treatment of cartilage repair. Overall, we constructed PHBVHHx-COL, a composite hydrogel of PHBVHHx-co-PEG and collagen, and evaluated its cartilage repair efficacy through and studies using hydrogel loaded with peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs). Rheological properties and compressive mechanical properties of the hydrogels were systematically evaluated.

Graphene Origami Amplifies Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Nanocomposites.

Graphene and its derivatives have been widely used as reinforcing nanofillers for high-performance polymer nanocomposites. The effectiveness of the reinforcement largely depends on the properties of the nanofiller-matrix interface, which can be represented by the interfacial shear strength (IFSS). This work systematically investigates IFSS enhancements for polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites reinforced by graphene origami (GOri) through molecular dynamics pull-out simulations.

Assessing chest radiographic quality and the influence of COVID-19 pathology: the Australian experience.

Introduction: Quality assurance (QA) in medical imaging ensures consistently high-quality images at acceptable radiation doses. However, the applicability of the chest X-ray (CXR) QA tool in images with pathology, particularly infectious diseases like COVID-19, has not been explored. This study examines the utility of the European Guidelines for image quality in QA of CXRs with varying severity and types of infectious disease.

Opening the Cabinets: A Critical Evaluation of Skeletal Teaching Collections in the United States.

The collections of human remains within our university laboratories and classrooms are considered by many to be integral to teaching osteology. However, as an outgrowth of the Western scientific tradition of mind/body dualism, human remains within skeletal teaching collections are often regarded differently than those in museums or applied contexts. From processing to storage, the personhood of each individual becomes abstracted as we purchase, "inherit," handle, organize, and digitally scan their bones for teaching purposes.

Cyclosporine A Decreased Paclitaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells by Inhibiting MTDH Expression.

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of cyclosporine A (CsA) on paclitaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. Paclitaxel-resistant prostate cancer cell lines were established by gradual increment method. The proliferation of cells was tested using MTT and colony formation assay.

Level of Awareness, Screening Practices, and Self-Detection Among Breast Cancer Patients.

Objective: Having good knowledge and performing regular pre-tests under physician supervision play a crucial role in the early detection of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of awareness, frequency of performing routine screening, types of screening methods prior to detection, and who detected the case, among women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study that used a designed questionnaire applied to investigate demographic data and four other aspects: level of awareness, screening practices, type of screening methods used, and who detected the case for the first time.

Tenecteplase Thrombolysis for Stroke up to 24 Hours After Onset With Perfusion Imaging Selection: The CHABLIS-T II Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Whether it is effective and safe to extend the time window of intravenous thrombolysis up to 24 hours after the last known well is unknown. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large/medium vessel occlusion within an extended time window.

Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke presenting 4.

The Prevalence of Physical Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review With Implications for Probable Violence-Caused Brain Injury Among Child Bearers.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) persists as a cause of short-term, long-term, and chronic health consequences. The elevated risk of IPV during pregnancy and the postpartum period (P-IPV) is commonly attributed to increased demands for child bearers and intimate partners. P-IPV may impact the health of the child bearer, developing fetus, and post-birth child.

Sex-Based Differences in Endovascular Thrombectomy Outcomes for Large Ischemic Stroke: A SELECT2 Subanalysis.

Background: Several social and biological factors are shown to differentially affect stroke outcomes between men and women. We evaluated whether clinical outcomes and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) treatment effects differed between the sexes in patients presenting with large ischemic stroke.

Methods: The SELECT2 trial (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize Patient's Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke) was a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of EVT in patients with large strokes across the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand between October 2019 and September 2022.

Femoral nerve palsy following Girdlestone resection arthroplasty: An observational cadaveric study.

Background: When patients with a failed hip arthroplasty are unsuitable for reimplantation, Girdlestone resection arthroplasty (GRA) is a viable treatment option. We report on a patient who was treated with a GRA due to a periprosthetic infection. We discovered partial paralysis of the quadriceps muscle in this patient.

PIM1 instigates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition to aggravate atherosclerosis.

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a cellular reprogramming mechanism by which endothelial cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. Endothelial cell dysfunction is the initiating factor of atherosclerosis (AS). Increasing evidence suggests that EndMT contributes to the occurrence and progression of atherosclerotic lesions and plaque instability.

Morpho-physiological and transcriptomic responses of field pennycress to waterlogging.

Field pennycress () is a new biofuel winter annual crop with extreme cold hardiness and a short life cycle, enabling off-season integration into corn and soybean rotations across the U.S. Midwest.