Molecular-based race classification of causing tan spot of wheat in Japan.

Tan spot, a foliar disease of spp. such as bread wheat ( L.) and durum wheat ( ssp.

A Data-Driven Approach to Sugarcane Breeding Programs with Agronomic Characteristics and Amino Acid Constituent Profiling.

Sugarcane ( spp. hybrids) and its processed products have supported local industries such as those in the Nansei Islands, Japan. To improve the sugarcane quality and productivity, breeders select better clones by evaluating agronomic characteristics, such as commercially recoverable sugar and cane yield.

Mutant alleles are highly accumulated in early planting-adaptable Japanese summer type soybeans.

To avoid crop failure because of climate change, soybean ( (L.) Merrill) cultivars adaptable to early planting are required in western Japan. Because current Japanese cultivars may not be adaptable, genetic resources with high early-planting adaptability, and their genetic information must be developed.

Characteristic features of statistical models and machine learning methods derived from pest and disease monitoring datasets.

While many studies have used traditional statistical methods when analysing monitoring data to predict future population dynamics of crop pests and diseases, increasing studies have used machine learning methods. The characteristic features of these methods have not been fully elucidated and arranged. We compared the prediction performance between two statistical and seven machine learning methods using 203 monitoring datasets recorded over several decades on four major crops in Japan and meteorological and geographical information as the explanatory variables.

A single application of fertilizer can affect semi-natural grassland vegetation over half a century.

Restoration of species-rich semi-natural grassland requires not only a seed source but also appropriate soil properties. In Europe, approximately 10 years are required for the properties of fertilized soils to reach suitable conditions and be considered successfully restored. However, restoration may require additional time in Japan because heavier precipitation causes leaching of basic cations from soils, resulting in soil acidification; volcanic ejecta also forms active Al and Fe hydroxides with high phosphate sorption.

Genetic architecture of berry aroma compounds in a QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping population of interspecific hybrid grapes (Vitis labruscana × Vitis vinifera).

Background: Although grapes accumulate diverse groups of volatile compounds, their genetic regulation in different cultivars remains unelucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the volatile composition in the berries of an interspecific hybrid population from a Vitis labruscana 'Campbell Early' (CE) × Vitis vinifera 'Muscat of Alexandria' (MA) cross to understand the relationship among volatile compounds and their genetic regulation. Then, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of its volatile compounds was conducted.

High source-sink ratio at and after sink capacity formation promotes green stem disorder in soybean.

Green stem disorder (GSD) of soybean is characterized by delayed leaf and stem maturation despite normal pod maturation. Previous studies have suggested that GSD occurrence is promoted by a high source-sink ratio, which is produced by thinning or shade removal at the R5 growth stage (the beginning of seed filling). Here the effects of different times and durations of shade removal after the R5 stage on GSD severity were analyzed.

A multiplex RT-PCR assay combined with co-extraction of DNA and RNA for simultaneous detection of TYLCV and ToCV in whitefly.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) were transmitted by the sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and cause serious yield losses on tomato around the world. To understand the actual situation of co-infection of TYLCV and ToCV of individual whiteflies, we developed multiplex RT-PCR combined with co-extraction of DNA and RNA from a single whitefly. First, a nucleic acid extraction method previously reported was modified and adopted to obtain the RNA-DNA mixture including TYLCV and ToCV in a simple form without manual homogenization.

A Rice Ancestral Genetic Resource Conferring Ideal Plant Shapes for Vegetative Growth and Weed Suppression.

To maximize crop growth, crops need to capture sunlight efficiently. This property is primarily influenced by the shape of the crops such as the angle, area, and arrangement of leaves. We constructed a rice ( L.