The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Guideline on Indications for Continuous Electroencephalography Monitoring in Neonates.

Purpose: Continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring is increasingly used in the management of neonates with seizures. There remains debate on what clinically relevant information can be gained from cEEG in neonates with suspected seizures, at high risk for seizures, or with definite seizures, as well as the use of cEEG for prognosis in a variety of conditions. In this guideline, we address these questions using American Clinical Neurophysiology Society structured methodology for clinical guideline development.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Language impairment is common in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and is often overlooked due to the severity of the motor symptoms. We investigated whether language can be used to predict PSP prognosis.

Methods: One hundred-forty-six patients with a diagnosis of possible or probable PSP from the Tilavonemab (ABBV-8E12) clinical trial were evaluated at baseline and week 32 using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), the PSP rating scale (PSPRS) and the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale (SEADL).

Current state of APPE-readiness assessments in schools or colleges of pharmacy.

Objective: To determine components and assessments included in Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) readiness plans in United States Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs.

Methods: An electronic survey was emailed to the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Laboratory Instructors Special Interest Group. Survey items included demographic information about the program, APPE-readiness plan implementation status and components.

Effectiveness of tofacitinib versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and in those receiving tofacitinib as different lines of therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the United States CorEvitas Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry.

Objectives: To compare effectiveness of tofacitinib versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), and across tofacitinib lines of therapy, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using US CorEvitas RA Registry data.

Methods: Analysis included patients with RA initiating tofacitinib or TNFi with a 12-month follow-up visit between November 2012-February 2021. Primary (Clinical Disease Activity Index-defined low disease activity [CDAI-LDA: CDAI ≤ 10]) and secondary (clinical/disease activity/patient-reported) effectiveness outcomes were assessed at month 12.

Acquisition of musical skills and abilities in older adults-results of 12 months of music training.

Background: Older adults can acquire new skills across different domains. Practicing a musical instrument has been identified as a promising activity for improving cognition, promoting well-being, and inducing brain plasticity in older individuals. However, the mechanisms of these changes are still poorly understood.

Lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of methamphetamine dependence: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Aims: This study tested the efficacy and safety of a 12-week course of lisdexamfetamine in reducing methamphetamine use, an outcome which is associated with improvements in health and wellbeing, in people dependent on methamphetamine.

Design, Setting And Participants: This study was a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in six specialist outpatient clinics in Adelaide, Melbourne, Newcastle and Sydney, Australia (2018-2021). Participants were164 adults with methamphetamine dependence, reporting at least 14 use days out of the previous 28 days (62% male, 38% female, < 1% other; mean age 39 years).

Digital learning of clinical skills and its impact on medical students' academic performance: a systematic review.

Background: The constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development and implementation of digital methods for teaching clinical skills in medical education. This systematic review presents both the benefits, challenges, and effectiveness of this transition.

Methods: A systematic search of six electronic databases (SCOPUS, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC & Informit) was conducted on 1st October 2023 and updated on 1st April 2024 to identify peer- reviewed articles, from 2019 onwards, which used any type of digital tool (online or otherwise) to teach clinical skills to medical trainees (undergraduate or postgraduate) and were published in English language.

New metabolic insights into the mechanism of ifosfamide encephalopathy.

Ifosfamide causes neurotoxicity, including sometimes fatal encephalopathy, in a small number of patients. Why and how this occurs is not fully understood. It is generally believed that N-dechloroethylation of ifosfamide to 2-chloroacetaldehyde is the cause.

Consensus Recommendations for Studies of Outflow Facility and Intraocular Pressure Regulation Using Ex Vivo Perfusion Approaches.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is the primary risk factor and currently the main treatable factor for progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In addition to direct clinical and living animal in vivo studies, ex vivo perfusion of anterior segments and whole eyes is a key technique for studying conventional outflow function as it is responsible for IOP regulation. We present well-tested experimental details, protocols, considerations, advantages, and limitations of several ex vivo model systems for studying IOP regulation.

Three Decades of Adolescent Health: Unveiling Global Trends Across 41 Countries in Psychological and Somatic Complaints (1994-2022).

Objectives: This study examined (non-)monotonic time trends in psychological and somatic complaints among adolescents, along with gender differences.

Methods: Repeated cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) data from 1994 to 2022 covering 15-year-old adolescents from 41 countries (N = 470,797) were analysed. Three polynomial logistic regression models (linear, quadratic, cubic) were tested for best fit, including separate analyses by gender and health complaints dimension.

Metabolomic Hallmarks of Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

From a detailed review of 90 experimental and clinical metabolomic investigations of obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), we have developed metabolomic hallmarks for both obesity and MASLD. Obesity studies were conducted in mice, rats, and humans, with consensus biomarker groups in plasma/serum being essential and nonessential amino acids, energy metabolites, gut microbiota metabolites, acylcarnitines and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), which formed the basis of the six metabolomic hallmarks of obesity. Additionally, mice and rats shared elevated cholesterol, humans and rats shared elevated fatty acids, and humans and mice shared elevated VLDL/LDL, bile acids and phosphatidylcholines (PC).

Identification of an Outbreak of Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia in Soft-Shell Clams () in the Puget Sound Using Hemolymph and eDNA Surveys.

Bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN) is one of three known types of naturally transmissible cancer-cancers in which the whole cancer cells move from individual to individual, spreading through natural populations. BTN is a lethal leukemia-like cancer that has been observed throughout soft-shell clam () populations on the east coast of North America, with two distinct sublineages circulating at low enzootic levels in New England, USA, and Prince Edward Island, Canada. Major cancer outbreaks likely due to BTN (MarBTN) were reported in 1980s and the 2000s and the disease has been observed since the 1970s, but it has not been observed in populations of this clam species on the US west coast.

Colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger versus older adults: an analysis of population-based cancer registry data.

Background: Previous studies have shown that colorectal cancer incidence is increasing among younger adults (aged <50 years) in multiple high-income western countries in contrast with stabilising or decreasing trends in incidence in older adults (aged ≥50 years). This study aimed to investigate contemporary colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger adults versus older adults.

Methods: Colorectal cancer incidence data, including year of diagnosis, sex, and 5-year age group for 50 countries and territories, were extracted from the WHO-International Agency for Research on Cancer Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database.

Anaerobic stabilization and landscape utilization of rural sewage sludge from the enhanced membrane coagulation process.

In this study, enhanced membrane coagulation (EMC) sludge was subjected to various alkaline (pH 7.2, 10, and 11), temperature (35 °C and 55 °C), and duration (0.5 h and 1 day) pretreatment conditions before being inoculated into biogas reactors operated for 176 days.

Pharmacogenomics education in China and the United States: advancing personalized medicine.

Pharmacogenomics (PGx), an integral part of functional genomics and molecular pharmacology, has evolved significantly over the past decade. Our study reveals that PGx education in China and the United States has made substantial progress, with a particular emphasis on integrating PGx into medical curricula and clinical practice, leading to improved therapeutic strategies and patient outcomes. Consequently, both China and the United States are dedicated to fostering advancements in PGx education.

Exploratory study from an end-of-life research partnership network to improve access for ethnically diverse communities in one region.

Background: Minority ethnic patients are less likely to access timely and effective palliative and end-of-life care and, as a consequence, more likely to experience poorer symptom management and receive more intensive treatments at the end of life. Research activity has the potential to address the aforementioned barriers to improve access. However, there is a need to develop capacity and capability, particularly within underserved communities, to provide an infrastructure that can drive research activity informed by the community to benefit the community.

The State of STEMI Care Across NSW: A Comparison of Rural, Regional, and Metropolitan Centres.

Background: At a global level, regional variation in the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is influenced by patient demographics and geography. Rural patients with STEMI are disadvantaged in reaching timely care owing to distance and limited ambulance and healthcare resources. Optimising models of STEMI care is key to overcoming the excess rural vs metropolitan cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

Acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children: evidence for and against causal relationships with SARS-CoV-2, HAdv and AAV2.

Background: The cause of acute paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology (2022) has not been established despite extensive investigation.

Objective: To summarise the evidence for and against a causal role for human adenovirus (HAdv), adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV-2) and SARS-CoV-2 in outbreaks of paediatric hepatitis in 2022.

Methods: We appraised and summarised relevant evidence for each of the Bradford Hill criteria for causality using quantitative (statistical modelling) and qualitative (narrative coherence) approaches.

Using Virtual Care to Assess the Health Needs of People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a rapid roll-out of virtual health care services to people with intellectual disabilities. Limited evidence is available for clinicians to guide virtual care delivery.

Method: Twenty-three studies were identified through systematic searching of 16 databases.

Examining Changes in Implementation of Priority Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Practices, and Related Barriers, Over Time in Australian Early Childhood Education and Care Services: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Promoting healthy eating and physical activity in early childhood education and care (ECEC) is recommended within guidelines and supported by health promotion programs; however, implementation is suboptimal. Evidence suggests implementation within the sector varies over time; however, this has not been empirically examined in relation to implementation barriers. This study aims to: (1) describe changes in the prevalence of, and barriers to, implementation of priority healthy eating and physical activity practices; and (2) explore the associations between such barriers and implementation.

Evaluation of a new out-of-hospital newborn life support (OH-NLS) course in the UK South West region: a mixed-methods survey study.

Introduction: Unplanned out-of-hospital births (UOHBs) are associated with poorer outcomes for babies, especially those born prematurely. The current Newborn Life Support (NLS) course offered by Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) is not designed to address the challenges associated with birth out of hospital. A new course was developed to address these challenges.

Methadone-Buprenorphine Transfers Using Low Dosing of Buprenorphine: An Open-Label, Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Aims: To compare a low-dosing protocol to standard practice for methadone-buprenorphine transfers.

Methods: We undertook a nonrandomized open-label clinical trial across 8 sites from NSW, Australia. Participants prescribed methadone wishing to transfer to buprenorphine could either choose or be randomized to a low-dose transfer or standard care transfer as per NSW health guidelines.