[Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection induces glycolysis of macrophages to facilitate viral replication].

This work aims to explore the effect of glycolysis on the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). The changes of glucose metabolism, PRRSV protein levels, PRRSV titers, and the relative expression levels of genes and proteins in PAMs were analyzed by ELISA, qPCR, virus titration, and Western blotting after PRRSV infection. The effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on PRRSV replication was subsequently assessed by specific siRNAs targeting to HIF-1α.

[Construction of a recombinant strain expressing SpaA and CbpB of and evaluation of the strain immunogenicity in a mouse model].

To construct a recombinant strain expressing SpaA and CbpB of for oral administration, we constructed the recombinant plasmid pDG1730-CBJA by fusion PCR and seamless cloning. The plasmid was introduced into . KC strain by natural transformation, and the recombinant strain KC-- was screened out on the plate containing spectinomycin () and confirmed by PCR and starch degradation test.

Production of virus-like particles of FMDV by 3C protease cleaving precursor polyprotein P1 in vitro.

Nonstructural protein 3C, a master protease of Picornaviridae, plays a critical role in viral replication by directly cleaving the viral precursor polyprotein to form the viral capsid protein and antagonizing the host antiviral response. Additionally, 3C protease, as a tool enzyme, is involved in regulating polyprotein expression. Here, the 3C mutant gene (3Cm), fused with a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) tag at the N-terminal and featuring a mutation at position 127, was inserted into the cold-shock plasmid pCold of Escherichia coli for expression.

Impact of electro-acupuncture on EAAT2 and NMDAR-2B expression in goats with visceral hypersensitivity.

Objective: This study evaluates the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on visceral hypersensitivity (VH) and the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-2B (NMDAR-2B) and glutamate transporter EAAT2 in goats.

Methods: Twenty-four goats were divided into four groups: saline, 2, 4, 6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), TNBS + EA, and sham EA. EA was administered at Zusanli (ST36) with 60 Hz and 1-3 mA on specified days.

Deleterious Impacts of Western diet on Jejunum Function and Health are Reversible.

The goal of this study was to determine whether the influence of high-fat high-sugar diet (Western diet) on intestinal function and health was reversible. We measured transepithelial short circuit current (Isc), across freshly isolated segments of jejunum from male C57Bl/6J mice randomly assigned to one of the following groups for the study duration: high-fat high-sugar diet for 24-weeks (HFHS), HFHS diet for 12-weeks then switched to standard chow and water for a further 12 weeks (Std), and lean controls (standard chow and water for 24-weeks). At the completion of the study, segments of jejunum were frozen for western blot determination of key proteins involved in secretory and absorptive functions, as well as senescence.

Integrative transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses yields insights into muscle fiber type in cattle.

Muscle fiber is an important factor in beef quality. Here, we compared fast-type longissimus dorsi muscle and slow-type psoas major muscle from cattle using transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. A total of 1717 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 297 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and 193 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were identified between LD and PM tissue, respectively.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Membrane Vesicles from Eubacterium rectale via the NLRP3 Signal Pathway.

Eubacterium rectale (E. rectale) has the ability to attenuate systemic and intestinal inflammation. Its naturally secreted membrane vesicles (MVs) likely play a crucial role in this process.

ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS IN NEW YORK WILDLIFE: DISTRIBUTION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF AN EMERGING PATHOGEN.

Echinococcus is a genus of cestode parasites of paramount veterinary and medical importance globally. Two species, Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Echinococcus multilocularis, are endemic to North America and are the etiologic agents of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. North America is currently experiencing an epidemiological shift in the state of transmission, distribution, and prevalence of E.

A RAPID DIAGNOSTIC PCR ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI IN THEIR SNAIL VECTORS.

Accurate detection of schistosome infections in snails is vital for epidemiologic and laboratory studies. Traditional microscopy methods to detect schistosomes in snails are hindered by long prepatent periods and snail survivorship, leading to inaccurate assessment of infections. A rapid, multiplexed PCR assay targeting Biomphalaria sudanica or Biomphalaria glabrata (internal control) and Schistosoma mansoni DNA is described.

Comparative RNA sequencing analysis of three Capripoxvirus infections in an immortalized hTERT-bOEC cell model.

Capripoxviruses (CaPVs), such as lumpy skin disease, sheep pox, and goat pox, cause significant production and economic losses and are major constraints to the growth of livestock production in endemic areas. Understanding the pathogenic mechanism of CaPVs and their translation into clinical applications depends on the availability of a suitable cell line. In this study, we used a lentiviral packaging system to establish an immortalized hTERT-bOEC cell line by ectopic introduction of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).

Adaptation and Validation of an Evaluation Instrument for Student Assessment of Veterinary Clinical Teaching.

There is a dearth of validated instruments for assessing clinical teaching in veterinary education. This study describes the development and validation of a veterinary-adapted Stanford Faculty Development Program 26 (SFDP-Vet22) instrument for student evaluation of veterinary clinical educators. Validity evidence was gathered in three specific categories: (a) content, (b) response process, and (c) internal structure.

EVALUATION OF ETORPHINE-MEDETOMIDINE-MIDAZOLAMAZAPERONE FOR IMMOBILIZATION IN CAPTIVE PRONGHORN ().

Etorphine based immobilization protocols are reported to be effective in pronghorn; however, information on cardiorespiratory effects is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of etorphine, medetomidine, midazolam, and azaperone for immobilization in captive pronghorn. Additionally, the effects of endotracheal intubation and manual ventilation on cardiopulmonary variables were assessed.

Consensus Recommendations for Studies of Outflow Facility and Intraocular Pressure Regulation Using Ex Vivo Perfusion Approaches.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is the primary risk factor and currently the main treatable factor for progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In addition to direct clinical and living animal in vivo studies, ex vivo perfusion of anterior segments and whole eyes is a key technique for studying conventional outflow function as it is responsible for IOP regulation. We present well-tested experimental details, protocols, considerations, advantages, and limitations of several ex vivo model systems for studying IOP regulation.

Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transplantation Reduces White Matter Injury in a Fetal Goat Model.

Background: Preterm white matter injury (PWMI) is the most common type of brain injury in preterm infants, in which, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are predominantly damaged. In this study, human OPCs (hOPCs) were administered to a fetal goat model of PWMI to examine the differentiation potential and therapeutic effects of the cells on PWMI.

Methods: Preterm goat fetuses were subjected to hypoxic-ischemia (HI) via intermittent umbilical cord occlusion (5 min × 5).

Rabbit Gastroenterology.

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are a common cause of emergency presentation in rabbits. Gastrointestinal stasis is a syndrome that is frequently caused by various primary conditions (including but not limited to affections of the GI tract itself). Over the last years, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of GI disorders-such as GI obstructions, appendicitis, rabbit hemorrhagic virus disease, or liver lobe torsion-have been studied.

Temporal kinetics of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration and identification of SAA isoforms in blood and synovial fluid of horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation.

Prompt diagnosis of equine septic arthritis is crucial for successful treatment. Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been suggested as a reliable biomarker. However, we previously found that synovial fluid SAA increases in nonaffected joints of horses with septic arthritis.

Feline Diabetes Is Associated with Deficits in Markers of Insulin Signaling in Peripheral Tissues.

Like humans, cats have a strong relationship between decreasing insulin sensitivity and the development of diabetes with obesity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of impaired insulin secretion and signaling in cats remain largely unknown. A total of 54 client-owned nondiabetic lean ( = 15), overweight ( = 15), and diabetic ( = 24) cats were included in the study.

Role of Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 7 in Regulating Fatty Acid Metabolism and Its Contribution to the Onset and Progression of Bovine Clinical Mastitis.

Clinical mastitis (CM) is a prevalent and severe inflammatory disease in dairy cows affecting the mammary glands. Fatty acid (FA) metabolism and associated enzymes are crucial for many physiological and pathological processes in dairy cows. However, the relationships among FA metabolism, FA-associated enzymes, and CM, as well as the mechanisms underlying their interactions, in dairy cows are not fully understood.

Indian Medicinal Plant-Derived Phytochemicals as Potential Antidotes for Snakebite: A Pharmacoinformatic Study of Atrolysin Inhibitors.

Snakebite envenoming is a significant health threat, particularly in tropical regions, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatments, including antivenom therapy, have limitations and associated risks. This research aims to discover novel phytochemical antidotes for snakebites, specifically targeting the western diamondback rattlesnake () venom metalloproteinase Atrolysin.

Ganglioside GM1 Alleviates Propofol-Induced Pyroptosis in the Hippocampus of Developing Rats via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling Cascade.

In pediatric and intensive care units, propofol is widely used for general anesthesia and sedation procedures as a short-acting anesthetic. Multiple studies have revealed that propofol causes hippocampal injury and cognitive dysfunction in developing animals. As is known, GM1, a type of ganglioside, plays a crucial role in promoting nervous system development.

Bovine NMRAL2 Protein Blunts Nitric Oxide Production and Inflammatory Response in Infected Bovine Lung Epithelial Cells.

Tuberculosis (TB), primarily caused by () and (), remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent globally. Intracellular survival is crucial for their virulence; yet, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to demonstrate the significance of a previously unannotated bovine gene ENSBTAG00000011305 in intracellular survival.

Dimethyl fumarate alleviates Staphylococcus pseudintermedius-induced cell damage by inhibiting pyroptosis and bacterial virulence.

The resistance of pathogenic bacteria to various clinical antibiotics is the major problem in treating bacterial keratitis. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has good anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects in fungal keratitis, but its effect on bacterial keratitis is unclear. This study aims to investigate DMF's anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.

Emamectin benzoate and nanoplastics induce PANoptosis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) gill through MAPK pathway.

Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is a pesticide that is frequently used. Nanoplastics (NPs) are a recently identified class of pollutants that are ubiquitous in the environment. In the aquatic environment, NPs can appear together with EMB, which may exacerbates the damage to water and aquatic organisms.

Curriculum Hours and Approaches to Instruction in Veterinary Ophthalmology: A Global Survey of Veterinary Schools.

Reports regarding curricula in ophthalmology across veterinary schools are not currently available. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the number of contact hours and approaches to teaching ophthalmology in the curriculum of English-speaking veterinary schools worldwide. An online survey was distributed to 51 veterinary colleges in North America, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and the Caribbean.

Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups.

Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group-level processes such as subgroup formation and fission-fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals.