Insights into the interplay between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS): A state-of-the-art review and implications for vaccine development.

Background And Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS results from an inflammatory process leading to the loss of neural tissue and increased disability over time. The role of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), as one of the most common global viruses, in MS development has been the subject of several studies.

Early tracheostomy in patients with cervical spine injury reduces morbidity and improves resource utilization.

Background: Aim of our study is to analyze the impact of Early Tracheostomy (ET) in patients with cervical-spine (C-spine) injuries.

Methods: We analyzed seven-year (2010-2016) ACS-TQIP databank and included all non-TBI trauma patients diagnosed with c-spine injuries. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the timing of tracheostomy (Early; ≤7days: Late; >7days).