Principles of Fasciotomy Closure After Compartment Syndrome Release.

Acute compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency in the extremities resulting from increased compartmental pressure, requiring immediate fasciotomy to resolve muscular compromise. As the mainstay treatment, fasciotomies involve substantial skin incisions and are thus prone to complications such as skin necrosis, wound infection, and permanent disability. Multidisciplinary care instituted at the time of fasciotomy can facilitate timely closure and minimize the complication profile.

Creating a Spaced Repetition Model to Supplement Education in Plastic Surgery.

Plastic surgery encompasses a wide spectrum of material involving comprehensive anatomy, physiology, microbiology, biomaterials, complex surgical techniques, and many nonsurgical interventions. The core disciplines overlap extensively with the foundational knowledge of many other surgical specialties. With the ever-expanding knowledge base required to become a competent plastic surgeon, spaced repetition is a means to optimize learning in plastic surgery and help trainees master new concepts while retaining other facts that are easily forgotten.

Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Patients Older Than Age 85 Years Presenting for Mohs Surgery: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study.

Importance: It has been suggested that Mohs surgery for skin cancer among individuals with limited life expectancy may be associated with needless risk and discomfort, along with increased health care costs.

Objective: To investigate patient- and tumor-specific indications considered by clinicians for treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer in older individuals.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted using data from US private practice and academic centers.

Development of a core outcome set for basal cell carcinoma.

Background: There is variation in the outcomes reported in clinical studies of basal cell carcinoma. This can prevent effective meta-analyses from answering important clinical questions.

Objective: To identify a recommended minimum set of core outcomes for basal cell carcinoma clinical trials.

Expert Consensus on the Use of Teprotumumab for the Management of Thyroid Eye Disease Using a Modified-Delphi Approach.

Background: Teprotumumab is the first treatment for thyroid eye disease (TED), a debilitating autoinflammatory condition, approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States, which reduces proptosis and improves quality of life. In the absence of guidelines, clinical recommendations were developed for using teprotumumab in patients with TED in the United States.

Methods: A 3-round modified-Delphi panel was conducted between October 2020 and February 2021 with experts in the management of patients with TED.

Comparative metabolomic analysis of polyphenic horn development in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus.

Organisms alter their phenotypes in response to changing environmental conditions. The developmental basis of this phenomenon, phenotypic plasticity, is a topic of broad interest in many fields of biology. While insects provide a suitable model for studying the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity, the physiological aspects of plasticity are not fully understood.

Atypical Hyperplasia Found Incidentally during Routine Breast Reduction Mammoplasty: Incidence and Management.

Unlabelled: Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) of the breast are premalignant lesions. Although the literature on ADH and ALH as a whole is well-developed, research on ADH and ALH incidentally discovered during breast reduction is less robust.

Methods: In this study, 355 patients undergoing bilateral reduction mammoplasty at West Virginia University were retrospectively reviewed.

Abundance of Major Cell Wall Components in Natural Variants and Pedigrees of .

The rapid analysis of biopolymers including lignin and sugars in lignocellulosic biomass cell walls is essential for the analysis of the large sample populations needed for identifying heritable genetic variation in biomass feedstocks for biofuels and bioproducts. In this study, we reported the analysis of cell wall lignin content, syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio, as well as glucose and xylose content by high-throughput pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) for >3,600 samples derived from hundreds of accessions of from natural populations, as well as pedigrees constructed from 14 parents (7 × 7). Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models were built from the samples of known sugar composition previously determined by hydrolysis followed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis.

Effectiveness of a Chairside Acrylic Adjustment Cabinet in Reducing Dental Acrylic Debris and Aerosols.

Purpose: Chairside prosthesis adjustment procedures generate contaminated acrylic particle debris that include visible splatter (particles >50 μm) as well as invisible aerosols (<50 µm). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a chairside acrylic adjustment cabinet (CAAC) in reducing airborne aerosol particles (<10 µm) and visible acrylic debris, time required for airborne aerosols to return to baseline levels after an acrylic adjustment procedure, and the effect on operatory turnover time.

Materials And Methods: A total of 40 acrylic adjustment procedures were carried out in a simulated setting with (experiment) and without (control) a CAAC.

The Principles and Practice of Endonasal Rhinoplasty: Special Topics for Clinics in Plastic Surgery Journal.

Endonasal rhinoplasty is a minimally invasive approach in which esthetic and functional improvements are made solely through intranasal, without transcolumellar, incisions and with limited soft tissue and skeletal disruption. In addition to intentionally limiting surgical dissection, the rhinoplasty surgeon must preoperatively recognize and surgically correct 4 common anatomic variants which predictably create all 3 patterns of secondary deformity. In combination, respecting these principles gives the surgeon greater predictability in achieving esthetic and functional improvements, and the ability to limit the adverse effects of skin contractility and postoperative scar contracture, thus reducing the risk of secondary deformity, patient dissatisfaction, and reoperation.

ROS generation is involved in titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced AP-1 activation through p38 MAPK and ERK pathways in JB6 cells.

Titanium dioxide (TiO ) is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nongenotoxic white mineral, which is mainly applied in the manufacture of paper, paint, plastic, sunscreen lotion and other products. Recently, TiO nanoparticles (TiO NPs) have been demonstrated to cause chronic inflammation and lung tumor formation in rats, which may be associated with the particle size of TiO . Considering the important role of activator protein-1 (AP-1) in regulating multiple genes involved in the cell proliferation and inflammation and the induction of neoplastic transformation, we aimed to evaluate the potency of TiO NPs (≤ 20 nm) on the activation of AP-1 signaling pathway and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a mouse epidermal cell line, JB6 cells.

Lacking Advanced Degrees are not a Barrier to Entry into Academic Surgery Leadership.

Background: Undergraduate and graduate medical education offerings continue to create opportunities for medical students to pursue MD+ degree education. These educational endeavors provide formal education in fields related to surgery, which gives trainees and surgeons diverse perspectives on surgical care. This study sought to assess current prevalence of additional advanced degrees among leaders in academic surgery to assess the relationship between dual degree attainment and holding various leadership positions within surgical departments.

US Public's Perceptions of Online Transformation Photos.

Background: Although many plastic surgeons seek to optimize their online presence and reach a broader patient base, no studies to our knowledge have evaluated the general public's perceptions of one of the most valued informational tools: transformation photos.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the general public's preferences for viewing transformation photos online.

Methods: Respondents representative of the US public, crowdsourced through Amazon Mechanical Turk, answered a survey assessing perceptions of the posting of before-and-after photos.

The Biomechanical Properties of Meshed versus Perforated Acellular Dermal Matrices (ADMs).

Unlabelled: Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are used for soft tissue augmentation across surgical specialties. Since allograft incorporation depends on direct opposition between the ADM and a vascular bed, seroma formation can be detrimental to incorporation. Since most ADM products are available in many meshed and perforated forms, there is a lack of consistency between manufacture designs.

Accurate determination of genotypic variance of cell wall characteristics of a Populus trichocarpa pedigree using high-throughput pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry.

Background: Pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) analysis of a pedigree of Populus trichocarpa was performed to study the phenotypic plasticity and heritability of lignin content and lignin monomer composition. Instrumental and microspatial environmental variability were observed in the spectral features and corrected to reveal underlying genetic variance of biomass composition.

Results: Lignin-derived ions (including m/z 124, 154, 168, 194, 210 and others) were highly impacted by microspatial environmental variation which demonstrates phenotypic plasticity of lignin composition in Populus trichocarpa biomass.

Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Muscle Plasticity in Fish.

Growth rates in fish are largely dependent on genetic and environmental factors, of which the latter can be highly variable throughout development. For this reason, muscle growth in fish is particularly dynamic as muscle structure and function can be altered by environmental conditions, a concept referred to as muscle plasticity. Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) like Myogenin, MyoD, and Pax7 control the myogenic mechanisms regulating quiescent muscle cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation, critical processes central for muscle plasticity.

The influence of acute exercise on bone biomarkers: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Bone is a plastic tissue that is responsive to its physical environment. As a result, exercise interventions represent a potential means to influence the bone. However, little is currently known about how various exercise and participant characteristics interact to influence bone metabolism.

Development of a core outcome set for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma trials: identification of core domains and outcomes.

Background: The lack of uniformity in the outcomes reported in clinical studies of the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) complicates efforts to compare treatment effectiveness across trials.

Objectives: To develop a core outcome set (COS), a minimum set of agreed-upon outcomes to be measured in all clinical trials of a given disease or outcome, for the treatment of cSCC.

Methods: One hundred and nine outcomes were identified via a systematic literature review and interviews with 28 stakeholders.

Assessing State Variation in Plastic Surgeons' Risk of Hepatitis C Exposure: Revisit in Methodology.

Background: As the national opioid epidemic escalates, rates of the Hepatitis C (HCV) infection have similarly risen. Surgeons exposed intraoperatively secondary to sharp instrument or needle-sticks are affected both socioeconomically and physically. Current treatment strategies involve antiretroviral agents that have not been universally available.

Intraoperative vasopressors in head and neck free flap reconstruction.

Introduction: Historically, there were concerns vasopressors impair free flap outcomes, but recent studies suggest vasopressors are safe. Here we investigate this controversy by (1) evaluating vasopressors' effect on head and neck free-flap survival and surgical complications, and (2) performing soft tissue and bony subset analysis.

Patients And Methods: Post hoc analysis was performed of a single-blinded, prospective, randomized clinical trial at a tertiary care academic medical center involving patients ≥18 years old undergoing head and neck free flap reconstruction over a 16-month period.