Dual orexin/hypocretin receptor antagonism attenuates attentional impairments in an NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia.

Unlabelled: Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric condition that is associated with impaired attentional processing and performance. Failure to support increasing attentional load may result, in part, from abnormally overactive basal forebrain projections to the prefrontal cortex, and available antipsychotics often fail to address this issue. Orexin/hypocretin receptors are expressed on corticopetal cholinergic neurons, and their blockade has been shown to decrease the activity of cortical basal forebrain outputs and prefrontal cortical cholinergic neurotransmission.

Overuse-Related Injuries of the Knee.

Overuse-related injuries of the knee joint and periarticular soft tissues include a heterogenous group of sports and nonsports-related injuries. These conditions include friction and impingement syndromes, bone stress injuries, bursitis, and tendon-related pathology such as tendinopathy and snapping. Traction apophysitis are also discussed as commonly seen in the pediatric population.

Long-Term Outcomes and Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Intervention With Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents: The Veterans Affairs Extended DAPT Study.

Background Recent guidelines on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) balance the subsequent risks of major bleeding with ischemic events. Although generally favoring shorter DAPT duration with second-generation drug-eluting stents, the effects on long-term outcomes in the wider population are uncertain. Methods and Results We tracked all patients having PCI with second-generation drug-eluting stents in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System between 2006 and 2016 for death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and major bleeding up to 13 years.

Clinical Application of Ultrahigh-Field-Strength Wrist MRI: A Multireader 3-T and 7-T Comparison Study.

Background Ultrahigh-field-strength MRI at 7 T may permit superior visualization of noninflammatory wrist pathologic conditions, particularly due to its high signal-to-noise ratio compared with the clinical standard of 3 T, but direct comparison studies are lacking. Purpose To compare the subjective image quality of 3-T and 7-T ultrahigh-field-strength wrist MRI through semiquantitative scoring of multiple joint tissues in a multireader study. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, healthy controls and participants with chronic wrist pain underwent 3-T and 7-T MRI (coronal T1-weighted turbo spin-echo [TSE], coronal fat-suppressed proton-density [PD]-weighted TSE, transversal T2-weighted TSE) on the same day, from July 2018 to June 2019.

Melanoma and Glioblastoma-Not a Serendipitous Association.

Recently, we came across a patient with malignant melanoma and primary glioblastoma. Given this, we parsed the literature to ascertain the relationship, if any, between these 2 malignancies. We begin with a brief overview of melanoma and glioma in isolation followed by a chronologic overview of case reports and epidemiologic studies documenting both neoplasms.

Latest advancements in imaging techniques in OA.

The osteoarthritis (OA) research community has been advocating a shift from radiography-based screening criteria and outcome measures in OA clinical trials to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based definition of eligibility and endpoint. For conventional morphological MRI, various semiquantitative evaluation tools are available. We have lately witnessed a remarkable technological advance in MRI techniques, including compositional/physiologic imaging and automated quantitative analyses of articular and periarticular structures.

Selection of Knees With Subsequent Cartilage Thickness Loss Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Semiquantitative Grading: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarker Cohort.

Objective: To investigate which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based articular pathologies are predictive of subsequent medial femorotibial compartment quantitative cartilage thickness loss and therefore suitable for enrichment of clinical trials with participants showing a high likelihood for structural progression.

Methods: Semiquantitative MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) assessments at baseline and quantitative cartilage thickness measurements at baseline and year-2 follow-up were performed in 599 participants (age 62 years; body mass index 31 kg/m ; 59% female) from the Osteoarthritis Initiative-based Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Osteoarthritis Biomarkers Consortium. Knees were classified as medial femorotibial compartment (MFTC) progressors or nonprogressors based on MFTC cartilage thickness change (smallest detectable change threshold -111 μm).

Review of heart transplantation from hepatitis C-positive donors.

Significant scarcity of a donor pool exists for heart transplantation (HT) as the prevalence of patients with end-stage refractory heart failure is increasing exceptionally. With the discovery of effective direct-acting antiviral and favorable short-term outcomes following HT, the hearts from hepatitis C virus (HCV) patient are being utilized to increase the donor pool. Short-term outcomes with regards to graft function, coronary artery vasculopathy, and kidney and liver disease is comparable in HCV-negative recipients undergoing HT from HCV-positive donors compared to HCV-negative donors.

Update on recent developments in imaging of inflammation in osteoarthritis: a narrative review.

Synovitis is an important component of the osteoarthritis (OA) disease process, particularly regarding the "inflammatory phenotype" of OA. Imaging plays an important role in the assessment of synovitis in OA with MRI and ultrasound being the most deployed imaging modalities. Contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI, particularly dynamic CEMRI (DCEMRI) is the ideal method for synovitis assessment, but for several reasons CEMRI is not commonly performed for OA imaging in general.

Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a diminished immune response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Risk factors for an impaired immune response are yet to be determined. We aimed to summarize the COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and to identify factors that influence the humoral immune response in patients with MM.

Crystal arthropathies and osteoarthritis-where is the link?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. As our understanding of OA progressively has moved from a purely mechanical "wear and tear" concept toward a complex multi-tissue condition in which inflammation plays a central role, the possible role of crystal-induced inflammation in OA incidence and progression may be relevant. In addition to gout, which affects 4% of the US population, basic calcium phosphate and calcium pyrophosphate deposition both may induce joint inflammation and may play a role in pain in OA.

Cross-Sectional Relationships of Proximal Aortic Stiffness and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Adults in the Community.

Background Stiffness of the proximal aorta may play a critical role in adverse left ventricular (LV)-vascular interactions and associated LV diastolic dysfunction. In a community-based sample, we sought to determine the association between proximal aortic stiffness measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and several clinical measures of LV diastolic mechanics. Methods and Results Framingham Heart Study Offspring adults (n=1502 participants, mean 67±9 years, 54% women) with available 1.

Factors associated with the speed and scope of diffusion of COVID-19 therapeutics in a nationwide healthcare setting: a mixed-methods investigation.

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to evaluate factors associated with high levels of adoption of different therapeutics in a real-world setting. The aim of this nationwide, retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the diffusion and adoption of novel therapeutics with an emerging evidence basis and to identify factors that influenced physicians' treatment decisions.

Methods: Cohort creation: A cohort of Veteran patients with a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 were identified, and cases were classified by disease severity (outpatient, inpatient with mild and severe disease, intensive care unit ICU]).

Associations Between Extreme Temperatures and Cardiovascular Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From 27 Countries.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Existing studies on the association between temperatures and cardiovascular deaths have been limited in geographic zones and have generally considered associations with total cardiovascular deaths rather than cause-specific cardiovascular deaths.

Methods: We used unified data collection protocols within the Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Network to assemble a database of daily counts of specific cardiovascular causes of death from 567 cities in 27 countries across 5 continents in overlapping periods ranging from 1979 to 2019.

The Impact of Facility Surgical Caseload Volumes on Survival Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy.

The role of surgical experience and its impact on the survival requires further investigation. A cohort of patients undergoing radical cystectomy or anterior pelvic exenteration for localized bladder cancer between 2006 and 2013 at 1143 facilities across the United States was identified using the National Cancer Database and analyzed. Using overall survival (OS) as the primary outcome, the relationship between facility annual caseload (FAC) and facility annual surgical caseload (FASC) for those undergoing curative surgery was examined.

Patterns of progression differ between Kellgren-Lawrence 2 and 3 knees fulfilling different definitions of a cartilage-meniscus phenotype in the Foundation for National Institutes of Health Osteoarthritis Biomarkers study (FNIH).

Objective: Aim was to describe three definitions for an MRI-defined cartilage-meniscus phenotype and to report phenotypic progression in Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) 2 and 3 knees over 48 months.

Methods: The study sample was a nested case-control study with knees showing either 1) radiographic and pain progression ("composite" case), 2) radiographic progression only, 3) pain progression only, and 4) no progression. MRI was performed on 3T systems.

Reduced excitatory neuron activity and interneuron-type-specific deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. These impairments correlate with early alterations in neuronal network activity in AD patients. Disruptions in the activity of individual neurons have been reported in mouse models of amyloidosis.