Aircraft Position Estimation Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Low SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) Values.

The safety of the airspace could be improved by the use of visual methods for the detection and tracking of aircraft. However, in the case of the small angular size of airplanes and the high noise level in the image, sufficient use of such methods might be difficult. By using the ConvNN (Convolutional Neural Network), it is possible to obtain a detector that performs the segmentation task for aircraft images that are very small and lost in the background noise.

Energy Efficiency in Turning: A Comparative Analysis of Screw Drive and Linear Drive CNC Machine Tools.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of screw drive and linear drive CNC machine tools in turning operations. Two CNC lathes were investigated, one equipped with screw drives and the other with linear drives, during the turning of specially prepared parts. The research examines active and reactive energy consumption, offering insights into the energy efficiency of different drive technologies.

Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Single- and Multilayer Polyester Foils (Laminates) from Polylactide and Poly(Ethylene 2,5-Furandicarboxylate).

Packaging materials mainly serve the function of protecting products. The most common representative of this group is poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), which is not biodegradable and therefore, its waste might be burdensome to the environment. Thus, this work aims to develop outlines for obtaining polyester-based systems, preferably biobased ones, intended for the packaging industry and their detailed characterization.

Synthesis and Characterization of Photocurable Difunctional Monomers for Medical Applications.

Photocurable materials offer a rapid transition from a liquid to a solid state, and have recently received great interest in the medical field. However, while dental resins are very popular, only a few materials have been developed for soft tissue repair. This study aims to synthesize a difunctional methacrylate monomer using a dibutyltin dilaurate which is suitable for the photocuring of soft materials.

The Effect of Absorbed Hydrogen on the Rotors of Steel Machining Products During Powerful Turbo Aggregate Repairs.

Rotor shafts are the most heavily loaded and accident-prone parts of powerful turbine generators, which are cooled using hydrogen. To eliminate damage sustained during operations, repair work was carried out, including the removal of defective parts, surfacing, and turning. This study tested the machinability of the rotor shaft using prototypes made from 38KhN3MFA steel.

Investigation of the Photocatalytic Activity of Copper-Modified Commercial Titania (P25) in the Process of Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction.

The photocatalytic reduction of CO to useful products is an area of active research because it shows a potential to be an efficient tool for mitigating climate change. This work investigated the modification of titania with copper(II) nitrate and its impact on improving the CO reduction efficiency in a gas-phase batch photoreactor under UV-Vis irradiation. The investigated photocatalysts were prepared by treating P25-copper(II) nitrate suspensions (with various Cu concentrations), alkalized with ammonia water, in a microwave-assisted solvothermal reactor.

Comparison of the Finite Element Method and Rigid Finite Element Method During Dynamic Calculations of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams Based on Experimental Results.

Dynamic analysis of structures is a key challenge in structural engineering, especially in choosing effective and accurate numerical methods. Steel-concrete composite structures, commonly used in bridges and floors, require calculations of dynamic parameters to ensure safety and comfort. Few studies compare the effectiveness of the finite element method (FEM) and the rigid finite element method (RFEM) in the dynamic analysis of such structures.

Harnessing the Potential of Natural Composites in Biomedical 3D Printing.

Natural composites are emerging as promising alternative materials for 3D printing in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, sustainability, and unique mechanical properties. The use of natural composites offers several advantages, including reduced environmental impact, enhanced biodegradability, and improved tissue compatibility. These materials can be processed into filaments or resins suitable for various 3D printing techniques, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM).

Lossless Image Compression Using Context-Dependent Linear Prediction Based on Mean Absolute Error Minimization.

This paper presents a method for lossless compression of images with fast decoding time and the option to select encoder parameters for individual image characteristics to increase compression efficiency. The data modeling stage was based on linear and nonlinear prediction, which was complemented by a simple block for removing the context-dependent constant component. The prediction was based on the Iterative Reweighted Least Squares () method which allowed the minimization of mean absolute error.

Template-Assisted Electrospinning and 3D Printing of Multilayered Hierarchical Vascular Grafts.

Fabricating complex hierarchical structures mimicking natural vessels and arteries is pivotal for addressing problems of cardiovascular diseases. Various fabrication strategies have been explored to achieve this goal, each contributing unique advantages and challenges to the development of functional vascular grafts. In this study, a three-layered tubular structure resembling vascular grafts was fabricated using biocompatible and biodegradable copolymers of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) using advanced manufacturing techniques.

Gels in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Past, Present, and Future.

Photocatalysis has attracted more and more attention as a possible solution to environmental, water, and energy crises. Although some photocatalytic materials have already proven to perform well, there are still some problems that should be solved for the broad commercialization of photocatalysis-based technologies. Among them, cheap and easy recycling, as well as stability issues, should be addressed.

Experimental Study of Mechanical Wave Propagation in Solidifying Cement-Based Composites.

In this paper, a new measurement procedure is presented as an experimental study. In this experimental study, a measurement system using the pass-through pulsed ultrasonic method was used. The pilot application of the measurement setup was to monitor mechanical wave changes during the solidification and hardening of fine-grained cement-based composites.

Diet Biofunctionality in Modulating Cardiovascular Parameters in Obese Patients After Bioenteric Intragastric Balloon Bariatric Surgery.

Background/objectives: Adiposopathy is the cause of many secondary disorders in the function and structure of many organs and systems in the body. In the progression of obesity and the increasing dysfunction of anti-inflammatory me-diators, chronic inflammation occurs. This may be accompanied by the development of metabolic complications.

The Influence of Different Butter Type, Their Fatty Acid Composition and Melting Enthalpy on the Viability Rate of GG Directly After the Spray-Drying Process and During Storage of Powders.

The present work reports on the microencapsulation of GG (LGG) by the spray-drying process using a solution of starch, whey protein concentrate (WPC), soy lecithin and ascorbic acid as a carrier, with addition of different types of butters. The aim of this study was to examine the protective mechanism of six different butter samples on the viability rate of LGG bacteria directly after the spray-drying process and during storage for 4 weeks at 4 °C and 20 °C (±1 °C) based on hypothetical factors-the fatty acid's chemical character and content, and its melting enthalpy. The viability of bacteria, moisture content, water activity, color properties, morphology, particle size of powder, melting enthalpy of butters and their fatty acids composition were evaluated.

Lanthanoid Sesquioxide Ultrafine Nanoparticles on Graphene via General Approach of Ultrafast Redox Reaction and Their Performance as Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Herein, we propose a general route of obtaining reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanocomposite, demonstrated by cerium, dysprosium, and neodymium sesquioxides, via ultrafast redox reaction (URR). This method utilizes a very fast heating of graphene oxide and a metal salt without any chemical solvents or special reactors. Off the scene tests showed that different ratios of graphene oxide to metal salt change the metal oxide particle size.

A novel approach employing hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic Einstein aggregation operators within the EDAS approach for multicriteria group decision making.

The Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) is a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique that uses various distances from average values to make decisions. It bears resemblance to other distance-based approaches like SPOTIS, VIKOR or TOPSIS, except that instead of positive and negative ideal solutions, it uses an average solution. For hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic term sets (HIFLTSs), we first define several operational laws and aggregation operators.

The association between patients' personality traits and pain perception during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.

Background: Orthodontic treatment is frequently correlated with different levels of discomfort and pain, caused by the application of forces to move the teeth. The mechanism of orthodontic pain is based on the initially activation of sensory receptors in periodontal tissues which results in a cascade of nociceptive pain processing and transduction in both the central and peripheral nervous systems that is finally experienced by patients. The perception of pain is subjective and varies among people, as it is influenced by both general and individual elements.

Relationship between photosynthetic performance and yield loss in winter oilseed rape ( L.) under frost conditions.

Winter oilseed rape ( L.), the principal oilseed crop in Europe, is notably vulnerable to spring frosts that can drastically reduce yields in ways that are challenging to predict with standard techniques. Our research focused on evaluating the efficacy of photosynthetic efficiency analysis in this crop and identifying specific chlorophyll fluorescence parameters severely impacted by frost, which could serve as noninvasive biomarkers for yield decline.

Lavender and Black Pine Waste as Additives Enhancing Selected Mechanical and Hygrothermal Properties of Cement Mortars.

The paper presents the mechanical and hygrothermal properties of cement mortars containing bio-powders made from lavender waste and black pine wood. The wastes were mechanically ground with a hammer mill to a fraction not exceeding 0.5 mm and then dried in air-dry conditions.

Advanced functional Cu-Cr-Co-NPs@gelatin (GLN)-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) nanocomposites with antimicrobial and anticancer activities.

An advanced hybrid nanocomposite based on different metals (copper, cobalt, and chromium) decorated with sustainable polysaccharides (gelatin, GLN, and hydroxyethyl cellulose, HEC) was developed. The composite reflects several advantages including a controlled particle size, particle size distribution, along with promising antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Topographical and elemental analyses were carried out using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), demonstrating the formation of trimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) possessing domain sizes of 169 nm and 102 nm assigned to the free nanocomposite (Fcomp) and loaded nanocomposite (Lcomp), respectively.

Exosomal ncRNAs in reproductive cancers.

Extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play a pivotal role in the cellular mechanisms underlying cancer. This review explores the various functions of exosomes in the progression, growth, and metastasis of cancers affecting the male and female reproductive systems. Exosomes are identified as key mediators in intercellular communication, capable of transferring bioactive molecules such as miRNAs, proteins, and other nucleic acids that influence cancer cell behavior and tumor microenvironment interactions.

Comparative Study on Structural Differences in Monosaccharide Layers Using PLD and PED Techniques.

To demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining low-molecular-weight organic films (below 200 Da) using non-solvent PVD processes, glucose layers were produced via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and pulsed electron beam deposition (PED) methods. Glucose was chosen due to its fundamental role in various biological processes, and because this low-molecular-weight compound is a solid at room temperature, which is required for both techniques. The physical and chemical structures of the deposited glucose layers were characterized by optical, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy, as well as by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, and infrared spectroscopy.