Impact of COVID-19 on Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment in Canada: A Multicenter Analysis of 10 833 Patients.

We assessed the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on treatment of latent tuberculosis, and of active tuberculosis, at 3 centers in Montreal and Toronto, using data from 10 833 patients (8685 with latent tuberculosis infection, 2148 with active tuberculosis). Observation periods prior to declarations of COVID-19 public health emergencies ranged from 219 to 744 weeks, and after declarations, from 28 to 33 weeks. In the latter period, reductions in latent tuberculosis infection treatment initiation rates ranged from 30% to 66%.

What Motivates Patients with COPD to Be Physically Active? A Cross-Sectional Study.

Motivation can be broadly defined as what moves people to act. Low motivation is a frequently reported factor for the reduced physical activity (PA) levels observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study assessed patients' motives to be physically active, according to three pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) participation groups (Never PR, Previous PR and Current PR) and explored whether these motives were related to the PA levels and clinical characteristics.

Pain among Individuals with Chronic Respiratory Diseases Attending Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

This study reports on the prevalence and impact of pain in individuals with different chronic respiratory diseases attending pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). A retrospective review of medical records data was conducted for 488 participants who had attended a PR programme over a 2-year period. Data on pain and medication history taken from multidisciplinary medical records, together with participant demographics and PR outcomes, were extracted.

Time to Positive Culture Detection Predicts Pulmonary Disease Severity and Treatment Initiation.

Additional biomarkers are needed to guide initiation of treatment for pulmonary disease (Mav-PD). Time to positive sputum culture detection (TTP) may offer potential prognostic and monitoring value. To determine whether TTP is associated with infection severity and early treatment response in Mav-PD.

Developing a research agenda on exercise and physical activity for people with limb loss in Canada.

Purpose: There is a lack of high-quality evidence about the effects of exercise or physical activity interventions for adults with lower limb amputations (LLAs). A planning meeting involving stakeholders (i.e.

Measuring intensity during free-living physical activities in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic literature review.

Background: Measuring intensity of physical activity (PA) is important to ensure safety and the effectiveness of PA interventions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective: This systematic review identified which outcomes, outcome measures and instruments have been used to assess single free-living PA-related intensity in people with COPD and compared the intensity level (light, moderate, vigorous) obtained by different outcome measures.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EBSCO were searched for original studies of COPD and assessing single free-living PA-related intensity were included.

Systematic review of psychometric properties and cross-cultural adaptation of the University of California and Los Angeles loneliness scale in adults.

Unlabelled: This systematic review assessed the psychometric properties and the cross-cultural adaptation of the University of California and Los Angeles Loneliness scale (UCLA-LS) in adults. A systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO) was conducted from inception until March 2021. We followed the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines for data extraction and evidence synthesis.

Health Care Use, Costs, and Survival Trajectory of Home Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation.

Background: Despite expert recommendations for use, limited evidence identifies effectiveness of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) in addressing respiratory morbidity and resultant health care utilization and costs for individuals with neuromuscular disorders. We examined the impact of provision of publicly funded MI-E devices on health care utilization, health care costs, and survival trajectory.

Methods: This is a retrospective pre/post cohort study linking data on prospectively recruited participants using MI-E to health administrative databases to quantify outcomes.

Embedding a Behavior Change Program Designed to Reduce Sedentary Time Within a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program Is Feasible in People With COPD.

Purpose: This study examined the feasibility of embedding a 4-wk intervention, which sought to reduce sedentary time (SED), into a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods: This was an intervention study that comprised one face-to-face session and three follow-up visits. Primary outcomes related to feasibility and included adherence to data completion undertaken before and during the intervention period, participant satisfaction with the intervention (out of 100%), and participant achievement of intervention goals.

Responsiveness and Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the Brief-BESTest in People With COPD After Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

Objective: he Brief-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest) is a comprehensive, reliable, and valid balance test that provides valuable information to guide balance training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its clinical interpretability is, however, currently limited, because cutoff points to identify clinically relevant changes in people with COPD after pulmonary rehabilitation are still lacking. This study aimed to establish the responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the Brief-BESTest in people with COPD after pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).

Clinician-Led Balance Training in Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

Guidelines for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) include balance training but lack specific parameters. After a knowledge translation project at our site, clinicians modified the physiotherapy programme to facilitate the sustainability of balance training as part of PR. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the modified programme resulted in improved balance and balance confidence.

Chronic non-invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Chronic non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly being used to treat people with COPD who have respiratory failure, but the evidence supporting this treatment has been conflicting.

Objectives: To assess the effects of chronic non-invasive ventilation at home via a facial mask in people with COPD, using a pooled analysis of IPD and meta-analysis.

Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane Airways Register of Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, proceedings of respiratory conferences, clinical trial registries and bibliographies of relevant studies.

Assessing air travel safety in neuromuscular disease: standard versus prolonged hypoxic challenge tests.

Purpose: The hypoxic challenge test (HCT) is used to evaluate safety for air travel in individuals with respiratory disease by breathing in 15% oxygen for 20 min. Our aim was to determine if a prolonged HCT, lasting 120 min, identified more individuals with neuromuscular disease at potential risk than the standard HCT lasting 20 min.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.

The Role of Occupational Therapy in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases are highly prevalent and compromise an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and participate in meaningful life roles. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a well-established intervention aimed at restoring an individual's exercise capacity and improving their ability to complete their ADLs. Occupational therapists help individuals engage in meaningful "occupations," improving their health and well-being.

Interventions to Support Informal Caregivers of People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes tremendous challenges for both patients and informal caregivers. Caregivers are key players in the management of COPD. Recently, COVID-19 further increased reliance on informal caregivers who urgently need specific support.

Experiences of a home-based fall prevention exercise program among older adults with chronic lung disease.

Background: Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often have mobility limitations; these may include challenges with balance and being at high risk of falling. Risk of falling can be reduced through exercise programs targeting balance; however, older adults with COPD may experience many barriers to exercise adherence. In this paper we present qualitative findings about the feasibility of a six-month home-based fall-prevention exercise program for older adults with COPD.

Treatment outcomes of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in lung transplant recipients.

Background: Lung transplant (LTX) recipients are at risk miscellaneous infections, among whom the clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is increasingly recognized. Despite anti-mycobacterial therapy becoming standardized worldwide, there is a lack of data on treatment outcomes in LTX recipients who develop NTM-pulmonary disease (PD). We aimed to review the treatment outcomes of NTM-PD among LTX recipients in our center.

A qualitative study examining prosthesis use in everyday life in individuals with lower limb amputations.

Background: Lower limb amputation (LLA) is a life-changing event that affects functional mobility and participation in everyday life. Prostheses provide individuals with LLA the opportunity to improve mobility and quality of life; however, existing literature suggests that there is underuse of prostheses.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe how individuals with major LLA use their prosthesis in everyday life and describe barriers and facilitators that influence prosthesis use.

A Brief Measure of Life Participation for People with COPD: Validation of the Computer Adaptive Test Version of the Late Life Disability Instrument.

Computer-adaptive tests use respondents' answers to previous questions to select the subsequent questions. They are gaining popularity for their increased measurement precision and decreased administration time compared to static questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to estimate the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the computer-adaptive test version of a participation measure, the Late Life Disability Instrument (LLDI-CAT) for people with COPD and to compare scores and administration time with those of the static LLDI.

Exploring factors influencing physiotherapists' perceptions of measuring reactive balance following a theory-based multi-component intervention: a qualitative descriptive study.

Reactive balance is a critical consideration for mobility and fall avoidance, but is under-assessed among physiotherapists. The objective of this study was to explore factors influencing physiotherapist perceptions about measuring reactive balance upon completion of a 12-month theory-based, multi-component intervention to increase use of a measure of reactive balance. A qualitative descriptive approach was used.

Feasibility of a 6-Month Home-Based Fall Prevention Exercise Program in Older Adults with COPD.

Purpose: Older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a high risk and rate of falls. Home-based fall prevention exercise programs reduce falls in older adults and may be an alternative approach for people with COPD without access to hospital-based rehabilitation. Therefore, we aimed to determine the feasibility of a home-based fall prevention exercise program in older adults with COPD and to examine the effect of the program on fall-related outcomes at baseline, 3 and 6 months.

Menopause, anti-Müllerian hormone and cognition in a cohort of women with persistent symptoms following TBI: a case for future research.

: Primary: To explore anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels in community dwelling women following TBI. Secondary: To explore the relation of AMH to menstrual cycle, cognition, distress and symptoms of menopause. Large adult TBI outpatient clinic in Toronto Canada.

Evaluation of an Enhanced Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is the most effective strategy to improve health outcomes in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although it has had limited success in promoting sustained physical activity. PR with a strong focus on disease self-management may better facilitate long-term behavior change. To compare a newly developed enhanced PR (EPR) program with a traditional PR program on outcome achievement.

Content validity of preference-based measures for economic evaluation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Generic preference-based measures (GPBMs) are health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures commonly used to evaluate the cost-utility of interventions in healthcare. However, the degree to which the content of GPBMs reflect the HRQoL of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not yet been assessed. The purpose of this study was to examine the content and convergent validity of GPBMs in people with COPD.