9,425 results match your criteria: "West Nile Virus"

A cellular protein, non-POU-domain-containing octamer binding protein (NONO), bound to the replication complex of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) by directly interacting with the viral 3' UTR RNA and NS3 protein. These interactions were also identified in West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). The infection of JEV or the expression of JEV NS3 protein in cells could induce relocation of NONO protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

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Arthropod-borne flaviviruses (ABFs), transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks, are increasing due to climate change and globalization. This scoping review examines the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostics, treatment, and outcomes of ABF infection in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). A database search up to January 25, 2024, focused on ABFs such as West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Powassan virus (POWV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV), limited to SOTRs.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study examines the prevalence of arboviruses in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting their ongoing public health threat and the importance of seroprevalence surveys for informing interventions in the absence of vaccines and treatments.
  • - A comprehensive analysis reviewed 165 studies involving over 186,000 participants across 27 countries from 2000 to 2022, revealing varied seroprevalence rates for several arboviruses, with Chikungunya and dengue showing the highest rates at 23.7% and 22.7%, respectively.
  • - The findings indicate considerable differences in seroprevalence based on factors like country, population demographics, age groups, and laboratory techniques, emphasizing the need for tailored public
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Loss of enteric neurons leading to long-term gastrointestinal dysfunction is common to many diseases, and the path to functional recovery is unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Janova et al. report that West Nile virus killed enteric neurons and glia via CD4+ and CD8+ T cells acting through the perforin and Fas ligand pathways.

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BackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) has an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes, humans being incidental dead-end hosts. Circulation of WNV is an increasing public health threat in Europe. While detection of WNV is notifiable in humans and animals in the European Union, surveillance based on human case numbers presents some limitations, including reporting delays.

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We report the retrospective identification and subsequent recovery of a near-complete West Nile Virus lineage 2 genomes from a hospitalized patient with acute febrile illness in Uganda, using a combination of degenerate primer polymerase chain reaction screening and a novel 1200bp nanopore-based whole-genome amplicon sequencing scheme. This represents the first West Nile virus genome to be recovered from a human in Uganda since its discovery in 1937. Basic molecular rather than serological surveillance methods could be more widely deployed in the region to better diagnose febrile infections.

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Article Synopsis
  • The world is nearing the critical threshold of 1.5°C warming, with 2023 recording an average temperature rise of 1.45°C since pre-industrial times, leading to severe climate-related impacts.
  • The Countdown collaboration, formed to assess the health impacts of climate change post-Paris Agreement, involves over 300 experts analyzing data and trends annually.
  • The 2024 report highlights troubling increases in climate-related health risks, such as a staggering 167% rise in heat-related deaths among seniors, indicating worsening conditions affecting wellbeing globally.
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Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with severe Powassan, Usutu, or Ross River virus disease.

J Exp Med

December 2024

Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.

Arboviral diseases are a growing global health concern. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) can underlie encephalitis due to West Nile virus (WNV) (∼40% of patients) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE, due to TBE virus [TBEV]) (∼10%). We report here that these auto-Abs can also underlie severe forms of rarer arboviral infections.

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Emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses.

mBio

December 2024

Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • * There are over 50 flavivirus species, many previously exotic to humans, with the potential for emerging diseases, as seen in past outbreaks of Zika and West Nile viruses.
  • * The review focuses on mosquito-borne flaviviruses that can cause serious diseases in animals and potentially humans, exploring their pathology, animal models for study, and future research directions, including emerging threats like Usutu and Murray Valley encephalitis viruses.
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Understanding the transmission routes of arboviruses is key to determining their epidemiology. Here, we tested whether West Nile viruses (WNVs) are transmitted through mosquito excreta. First, we observed a high concentration of infectious units per excreta, although viruses were short lived.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study conducted at Banaras Hindu University aimed to identify the causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in adults, an area previously under-researched compared to studies focused on children and the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).
  • The research involved collecting blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients older than 18 with fever and altered sensorium, employing various diagnostic tests for different infections.
  • The findings revealed that tuberculous meningitis (TBM) was the most common cause of AES (16.7%), followed by leptospirosis (15.1%) and scrub typhus (11.9%), emphasizing the need for rapid detection and treatment of these conditions.
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West Nile Virus (WNV), a member of the family, requires programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) for translation of the viral genome. The efficiency of WNV frameshifting is among the highest observed to date. Despite structural similarities to frameshifting sites in other viruses, it remains unclear why WNV exhibits such a high frameshifting efficiency.

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Article Synopsis
  • West Nile virus (WNV) is spreading to new areas in Europe, including Romania, due to climate change and human activities, with significant outbreaks recorded since 1996.
  • A study focused on WNV strains in Romania from 2017 to 2023 analyzed viral sequences from mosquitoes, humans, and birds, highlighting the virus's ongoing circulation in the region.
  • The research found lineage 2 WNV in both mosquito samples and human sera, identifying sub-lineages and clusters that reflect complex transmission patterns and evolutionary changes over time.
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Vector Competence of from São Tomé and Príncipe for West Nile Virus Transmission.

Microorganisms

October 2024

Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.

The global distribution of mosquitoes, particularly in tropical regions, poses a significant public health risk due to their apparent ability to transmit arboviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV). This study aimed to evaluate the vector competence of from São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) for the transmission of the WNV PT6.39 strain, considering its potential role as a bridge vector in a region where would be the main vector.

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Usutu virus, an emerging arbovirus with One Health importance.

Adv Virus Res

October 2024

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
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Regional variation in the landscape ecology of West Nile virus sentinel chicken seroconversion in Florida.

PLoS One

October 2024

Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.

How landscape composition and configuration impact the distribution of multi-vector and multi-host mosquito vector-borne disease systems, such as West Nile virus (WNV), remains challenging because of complex habitat and resource requirements by hosts and vectors that affect transmission opportunities. We examined correlations between landscape composition and configuration and 2018 WNV sentinel chicken seroconversion in Florida, USA across the state and within five National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) bioclimatic regions to understand strength and variation of landscape effects during an elevated transmission year. Although few landscape studies have examined WNV in Florida, we expected higher percentages of residential or medium-developed landscapes and more fragmented landscapes would be positively correlated with WNV seroconversion owing to the main mosquito vector habitats and avian host distributions.

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West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common mosquito-borne illness in the United States. Most cases remain asymptomatic or may be associated with a mild febrile illness; however, it can invade the central nervous system and cause meningoencephalitis, or rarely, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Here, we describe a case of WNV-associated paralysis in a previously healthy male presenting with asymmetric weakness and absent deep tendon reflexes.

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Inhibitory activity of Euterpe oleracea Mart. fruit extract in West Nile virus infection.

Microb Pathog

December 2024

Center for Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pará State, Travessa Perebebuí 2623, Belém, 66095-662, Brazil; Section for Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR-316 km 7 s/n, Ananindeua, 67030-000, Brazil. Electronic address:

West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurovirulent arbovirus whose epidemic capacity is enhanced by the wide occurrence of competent vectors and susceptible avian amplifying hosts. In this study, we investigated the antiviral potential of Euterpe oleracea Mart. fruit extract (EoFE) in WNV infection of monkey kidney (Vero) cell cultures.

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus responsible for causing febrile illness and severe neurological diseases, with an increasing impact on human health around the world. However, there is still no adequate therapeutic treatment available to struggle WNV infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new techniques to accelerate the discovery of drugs against this pathogen.

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A full-length humanized chimeric antibody 10H10ch that specifically interacts with the surface glycoprotein E of flaviviruses was obtained. To construct it, we used variable fragments of the heavy and light chains of the monoclonal antibody 10H10 that form the active center of the antibody and a fragment of the constant part of the heavy chain of the human IgG1 antibody. The resulting full-length chimeric humanized antibody 10H10ch specifically interacted with the E protein of flaviviruses pathogenic to humans, such as tick-borne encephalitis, Zika, West Nile, and dengue viruses.

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The recent outbreaks of neurotropic West Nile Virus (WNV) in humans are of grave public health concern, requiring a thorough understanding of the host immune response to develop effective therapeutic interventions. Innate immunity contributes to the primary immune response against WNV infection aimed at controlling and eliminating the virus from the body. As soon as WNV infects the body, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, particularly viral RNA, and initiate innate immune responses.

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Introduction: Armenia's favorable geographical and climatic conditions support mosquitoes, sandflies, and ticks that can transmit various diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these vectors and circulating arboviruses in Armenia and assess healthcare workers` knowledge of arboviral diseases.

Methodology: In 2021, we conducted fieldwork, combining morphological identification of vectors with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of pathogens to map the distribution of potential arbovirus vectors across Armenia.

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Article Synopsis
  • The Culex (Cx.) pipiens complex mosquitoes are important disease vectors, transmitting illnesses like West Nile fever and Japanese encephalitis.
  • The study focuses on the Toll pathway, a key part of the mosquito immune system, particularly analyzing MyD88, a critical protein in this pathway.
  • Findings suggest that adaptive selection has led to significant genetic changes in MyD88, which enhance our understanding of mosquito immunity and could improve the effectiveness of biocontrol strategies against these disease vectors.
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Addressing the rise of autochthonous vector-borne diseases in a warming Europe.

Int J Infect Dis

December 2024

Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • - The rise of autochthonous tropical diseases in Europe is tied to climate change, which is affecting the distribution and activity of disease-carrying vectors like mosquitoes and ticks.
  • - Notable species like Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti have created stable populations in Europe, leading to increased cases of diseases such as dengue fever and West Nile virus in previously unaffected temperate areas.
  • - To combat these emerging health threats, experts recommend enhancing disease surveillance, developing weather-related predictive models, and improving vector control strategies to safeguard public health against the effects of climate change.
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