Advanced cocaine-related necrotising sinusitis presenting with restrictive ophthalmolplegia.

We report a case of bilateral infero-medial orbital wall destruction, associated with loss of sinonasal architecture. The patient presented with intermittent horizontal diplopia following an acute on chronic infective sinusitis. Eight months previously the patient had developed a midline hard palate fistula for which a palatine prosthesis had been fitted.

Persistent corneal endothelial deposits associated with rifabutin therapy for Crohn's disease.

Purpose: To report a case of corneal endothelial deposits associated with rifabutin therapy for Crohn's disease.

Method: Case report, anterior segment photography, and current literature search.

Results: Persistence of corneal endothelial deposits was found to occur in a 55-year-old gentleman 6 years after cessation of a 3-year course of rifabutin.

Tonometer prism sterilisation: a local and UK national survey.

Purpose: First to audit local adherence to a protocol of use of an alcohol wipe for each tonometry, and secondly to assess current practice nationally in the UK.

Method: The audit was carried out at two units: The West Kent Eye Centre at the Princess Royal University Hospital (Orpington, UK) and Queen Mary's Hospital (Sidcup, UK). The standard set for this audit was 100% sterilisation.

Intraocular lens power calculation in short eyes.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of the Hoffer Q and SRK-T formulae in eyes below 22 mm in axial length, using biometry measured with partial coherence inferometry (PCI), without a customised ACD constant.

Methods: Data were retrospectively and prospectively collected by identifying eyes of axial length below 22 mm in the records of the intraocular lens (IOL) master and in preoperative notes. Biometry was performed using PCI and IOL power was calculated using both SRK-T and Hoffer Q formulae.

Blood pressure control in type II diabetics with diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Large clinical trials have emphasized that blood pressure control provides a major clinical benefit in reducing the risk of blindness in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: This audit was carried out to assess the quality of care for hypertension in 100 consecutive type II diabetics with diabetic retinopathy.

Results: The target blood pressure of 140/80 mmHg was achieved only in 38% of the patients.

Changing from Snellen to LogMAR: debate or delay?

Visual acuity is the most commonly used test to assess visual function. The Snellen chart is the universally accepted tool for testing visual acuity despite its poor reliability and reproducibility. Newer logMAR charts are now available that have negated the disadvantages of the Snellen chart.

Why is the moon white?

Land's Retinex theory is used to explain why we perceive the colour of the moon as white. The lightness values of coloured areas are computed and the energy at the particular area (moon) is compared with the surrounding area (space-vacuum).

Does lesion size determine the success rate of photodynamic therapy for age-related macular degeneration?

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new evidence-based treatment modality available for choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Eligibility for PDT is based on the morphological classification of the neovascular complex, the benefit being greater in classic with no occult lesions. Lesion size is also shown to be a predictive factor for treatment benefit.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery.

Background: Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is the accumulation of fluid in the central retina (the macula) due to leakage from dilated capillaries. It is the most common cause of poor visual outcome following cataract surgery. The exact cause is unclear.

Vertical diplopia following peribulbar anesthesia: the role of hyaluronidase.

Purpose: To estimate the incidence of vertical diplopia following peribulbar anesthesia in otherwise uncomplicated cataract surgery and to establish whether the use of hyaluronidase in the peribulbar injection mixture affected the likelihood of this complication.

Methods: Nine hundred forty consecutive phacoemulsification procedures using peribulbar anesthesia were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of postoperative vertical diplopia. Case notes were reviewed to establish the nature and timing of the onset of diplopia, the anesthetic technique, and whether hyaluronidase was used.