Advances in nano drug delivery systems for enhanced efficacy of emodin in cancer therapy.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for novel antitumor drugs. Natural products have long been a crucial source of anticancer agents. Among these, emodin (EMO), a multifunctional anthraquinone compound, exhibits significant anticancer effects but is hindered in clinical applications by challenges such as low solubility, rapid metabolism, poor bioavailability, and off-target toxicity.

Drug-induced Parkinson-like events: a real-world study from 2004 to the first quarter of 2024 based on FAERS.

Background: Timely identification of drug-induced Parkinson-like events is essential to improve clinical management and enhance patients' quality of life. However, there is a significant lack of studies addressing these events in real-world settings.

Methods: To bridge this gap, we analyzed adverse event (AE) reports related to Parkinson-like events from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the first quarter of 2024.

Sarcopenia and cachexia: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Sarcopenia is defined as a muscle-wasting syndrome that occurs with accelerated aging, while cachexia is a severe wasting syndrome associated with conditions such as cancer and immunodeficiency disorders, which cannot be fully addressed through conventional nutritional supplementation. Sarcopenia can be considered a component of cachexia, with the bidirectional interplay between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle potentially serving as a molecular mechanism for both conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms differ.

Nonviral targeted mRNA delivery: principles, progresses, and challenges.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have garnered considerable attention due to their remarkable efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and RSV mRNA vaccine have been approved on the market. Due to the inherent nuclease-instability and negative charge of mRNA, delivery systems are developed to protect the mRNA from degradation and facilitate its crossing cell membrane to express functional proteins or peptides in the cytoplasm.

Advancements in Betulinic Acid-Loaded Nanoformulations for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Therapy.

Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural compound obtained from plant extracts and is known for its diverse pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. Its potential in anti-tumor therapy has garnered considerable attention, particularly for the treatment of breast, lung, and liver cancers. However, the clinical utility of BA is greatly hindered by its poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and off-target toxicity.

Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of berberine-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles for synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy.

The development of innovative therapeutic strategies that combine multiple treatment modalities is essential for effective cancer therapy. In this study, we engineered berberine (BER)-loaded mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanoparticles (BER-MPDA) to enhance anti-tumor efficacy through synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT). The mesoporous structure of MPDA allowed for a high loading capacity of BER, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid with known anticancer properties.

Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

Turning attention to tumor-host interface and focus on the peritumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma.

Approximately 90% of glioblastoma recurrences occur in the peritumoral brain zone (PBZ), while the spatial heterogeneity of the PBZ is not well studied. In this study, two PBZ tissues and one tumor tissue sample are obtained from each patient via preoperative imaging. We assess the microenvironment and the characteristics of infiltrating immune/tumor cells using various techniques.

Optimal exercise dose-response improves health-related quality of life in cancer survivors: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of RCTs.

Objective: Cancer survivors often face significant health-related quality of life (HRQoL) challenges. Although exercise has been proven to improve HRQoL in cancer survivors, the optimal dose and intensity of exercise for this population has not been fully determined. Adherence to exercise may vary based on exercise intensity, affecting results.

Clinical evaluation of bispectral index-guided closed-loop infusion of propofol for preschool children: A multi-center randomized controlled study.

Importance: The closed-loop infusion system can automatically adjust and maintain the depth of anesthesia by using the propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) model under the feedback guidance of the bispectral index (BIS).

Objective: To evaluate the safety and superiority of closed-loop TCI of propofol guided by BIS during maintenance of generalized intravenous anesthesia for preschool children.

Methods: A total of 120 children aged 1-6 years were enrolled and were divided into a closed-loop feedback group (Group C) and an open-loop manual control group (Group O), with 60 participants in each group.

Does two-level hybrid surgery promote early fusion compared with two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?

Background Context: Hybrid surgery (HS), which involves both anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical disc replacement (ACDR), is increasingly used to treat multilevel cervical disc degenerative disease, yielding satisfactory clinical outcomes. Early fusion is critical after anterior cervical fusion surgeries, but there are no studies comparing the rate of early fusion of HS with that of ACDF.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of early fusion (3-6 months postoperatively) of two-level HS with that of two-level ACDF surgery.

Tranexamic acid administration in total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The effects of tranexamic acid (TXA) in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of TXA in TSA.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of TXA in TSA was carried out, and 5 trials including 372 patients were identified from PubMed (1966 to March 2024), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (March 2024), Embase (1974 to March 2024) and Web of Science (1995 to March 2024).

Global, regional, and national burdens of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia in the elderly population from 1999 to 2019: A trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Dementia represents a significant health issue, afflicting both patients and their families. To assess the global trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias in the elderly population, the Global Burden of Disease Study (1999-2019) was used. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was estimated using linear regression.

Negative pressure wound therapy for the management of deep brain stimulation-related surgical site infections: A retrospective case series.

The management of deep brain stimulation (DBS)-related surgical site infection (SSI) is challenging. This article aimed to report the efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in treating DBS-related SSI while preserving all DBS devices. As a retrospective case series in a single center, localized DBS-related SSI was treated with complete debridement and NPWT, with preserving all DBS devices.

Therapeutic potential of in gastrointestinal and hepatic disease.

Increasing evidences indicate that the gut microbiota is involved in the development and therapy of gastrointestinal and hepatic disease. Imbalance of gut microbiota occurs in the early stages of diseases, and maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota provides a new strategy for the treatment of diseases. It has been reported that is associated with multiple diseases.

Transmission Rates of UV-A and Green Light in an ex vivo Corneal Cross-linking Model for Infectious Keratitis.

Purpose: To investigate the light transmission (LT) of UV-A and green light through infected corneas saturated with riboflavin or rose bengal in an ex vivo porcine model for infectious keratitis.

Setting: University of Zurich and EMPA.

Design: Laboratory study.

Deubiquitinases as novel therapeutic targets for diseases.

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) regulate substrate ubiquitination by removing ubiquitin or cleaving within ubiquitin chains, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Approximately 100 DUBs in humans counteract E3 ubiquitin ligases, finely balancing ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes to maintain cellular proteostasis and respond to various stimuli and stresses. Given their role in modulating ubiquitination levels of various substrates, DUBs are increasingly linked to human health and disease.

Bibliometric analysis and visualization of global research trends in primary thyroid lymphoma via CiteSpace.

Background: Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignancy of the thyroid gland that poses significant clinical challenges due to its rarity and the varied therapeutic approaches it demands. Although recent years have seen an increasing focus on PTL, there is a notable lack of bibliometric analyses that consolidate the evolving research within this field. This study aims to analyze and highlight the research hotspots and trend changes in PTL, elucidating their clinical implications and guiding future research.

Altered Temporospatial Variability of Dynamic Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with altered brain activity. However, little is known about the integrated temporospatial variation of dynamic spontaneous brain activity in ASD. In the present study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed for 105 ASD and 102 demographically-matched typically developmental controls (TC) children obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database.

Atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.

The skin serves as the first protective barrier for nonspecific immunity and encompasses a vast network of skin-associated immune cells. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease that affects individuals of all ages and races, with a complex pathogenesis intricately linked to genetic, environmental factors, skin barrier dysfunction as well as immune dysfunction. Individuals diagnosed with AD frequently exhibit genetic predispositions, characterized by mutations that impact the structural integrity of the skin barrier.

Analysis of the association between microbiota and flavor formation during Zizhong Dongjian fermentation process.

Zizhong Dongjian (ZZDJ) is one of the most famous and popular fermented vegetables in China. The aim of this study was to explore the microbial communities and volatile flavor compounds of ZZDJ during different fermentation periods, as well as to reveal the potential correlation between microbiota and flavor. A total of 84 volatile flavor compounds were detected in 0-year to 3-year ZZDJ samples.

Comparative perioperative outcomes of intravenous indocyanine green during robot-assisted cystectomy: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) in the context of robot-assisted cystectomy (RAC) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The primary focus was to compare postoperative complications and perioperative outcomes between the ICG cohort and the non-ICG cohort. The primary outcome indicators were the incidence of ureteroenteric strictures and the number of strictures anastomoses.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals IRF7 regulation of the tumor microenvironment in isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioma.

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are important markers of glioma prognosis. However, few studies have examined the gene expression regulatory network (GRN) in IDH-mutant and wild-type gliomas. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing were used to analyze the GRN of cell subsets in patients with IDH-mutant and wild-type gliomas.