Radium-223 dichloride treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Finland: A real-world evidence multicenter study.

Background: Radium-233 dichloride is an alpha emitter that specifically targets bone metastases in prostate cancer. Results of a previously reported phase III randomized trial showed survival benefit for radium-223 compared to best supportive care in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with bone metastases. However, real-world data are also needed with wider inclusion criteria.

Mesenchymal gene expression subtyping analysis for early-stage human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals prognostic and predictive applications.

Patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) are predominantly human papillomavirus (HPV)(-), and treatment typically involves surgical resection ± neck dissection, followed by radiation ± chemotherapy. We previously described four mRNA expression patterns (classical, atypical, basal, and mesenchymal), each with unique genomic features and prognosis. Here, we examine the clinical utility of gene expression subtyping in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and introduce potentially predictive applications in HPV(-) OCSCC.

Molecular characterization of ESR1 variants in breast cancer.

Purpose: Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mutations and fusions typically arise in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer after aromatase inhibitor therapy, whereby ESR1 is constitutively activated in a ligand-independent manner. These variants can impact treatment response. Herein, we characterize ESR1 variants among molecularly profiled advanced breast cancers.

Complementary Roles for Tissue- and Blood-Based Comprehensive Genomic Profiling for Detection of Actionable Driver Alterations in Advanced NSCLC.

Introduction: Whereas tumor biopsy is the reference standard for genomic profiling of advanced NSCLC, there are now multiple assays approved by the Food and Drug Administration for liquid biopsy testing of circulating tumor DNA. Here, we study the incremental value that liquid biopsy comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) adds to tissue molecular testing.

Methods: Patients with metastatic NSCLC were enrolled in a prospective diagnostic study to receive circulating tumor DNA CGP; tissue CGP was optional in addition to their standard tissue testing.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Rechallenge Safety and Efficacy in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients After Immune-Related Adverse Events.

Background: Despite their anti-tumor efficacy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Grade ≥ 2 irAEs require ICI discontinuation. The decision to resume ICI treatment often remains challenging.

MODUL cohort 2: an adaptable, randomized, signal-seeking trial of fluoropyrimidine plus bevacizumab with or without atezolizumab maintenance therapy for BRAF metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: MODUL is an adaptable, signal-seeking trial designed to test novel agents in predefined patient subgroups in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Patients And Methods: Patients with measurable, unresectable, previously untreated mCRC received induction with ≤8 cycles of FOLFOX + bevacizumab followed by randomization to maintenance treatment comprising control [fluoropyrimidine (FP)/bevacizumab: 5-fluorouracil 1600-2400 mg/m 46-h intravenous (i.v.

Experimental Evidence for the Anti-Metastatic Action of Ginsenoside Rg3: A Systematic Review.

Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Due to the limitations of conventional cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, there is a need for novel therapeutics to prevent metastasis. Ginsenoside Rg3, a major active component of C.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Global Phase III Trial of Talimogene Laherparepvec Combined With Pembrolizumab for Advanced Melanoma.

Purpose: The combination of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and pembrolizumab previously demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and an encouraging complete response rate (CRR) in patients with advanced melanoma in a phase Ib study. We report the efficacy and safety from a phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, international study of T-VEC plus pembrolizumab (T-VEC-pembrolizumab) versus placebo plus pembrolizumab (placebo-pembrolizumab) in patients with advanced melanoma.

Methods: Patients with stage IIIB-IVM1c unresectable melanoma, naïve to antiprogrammed cell death protein-1, were randomly assigned 1:1 to T-VEC-pembrolizumab or placebo-pembrolizumab.

Calcinosis of the internal jugular vein: Interesting presentation of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

Tumoral calcinosis is a severe complication of hemodialysis. A 49-year-old male on dialysis for end-stage renal disease developed a large calcified retropharyngeal mass. This caused stridor and dyspnea, necessitating an emergency awake tracheostomy.

Racial Differences in Patient-Reported Symptoms and Adherence to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Among Women With Early-Stage, Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.

Importance: Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) reduces breast cancer recurrence, but symptom burden is a key barrier to adherence. Black women have lower AET adherence and worse health outcomes than White women.

Objective: To investigate the association between symptom burden and AET adherence differences by race.

Phase Ib study of combinations of avadomide (CC-122), CC-223, CC-292, and rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

There is a need for additional treatment options for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who do not benefit from available therapies. We examined combinations of the cereblon E3 ligase modulator (CELMoD) agent avadomide (CC-122), the selective, ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor CC-223, and the potent, selective, covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor CC-292 in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL. In the multicenter, phase Ib CC-122-DLBCL-001 study (NCT02031419), the dose-escalation portion explored combinations of CC-122, CC-223, and CC-292 administered as doublets or triplets with rituximab in patients with chemorefractory DLBCL.

Impact of 10-Day Fulbright Specialist Program and Project Pink Blue Education Sessions on Medical Oncology Knowledge Among Physicians Who Treat Cancer in Nigeria.

Despite an estimated population of over 201 million and over 115,950 yearly diagnosed new cases of cancer, Nigeria does not have dedicated medical oncologists. Most oncology care is delivered through surgical and clinical oncologists, who are trained in both radiation and medical oncology and they number fewer than 50 in the country. With a limited number of oncology professionals, cancer patients in Nigeria experience poor health outcomes, with an estimated cancer mortality rate of 75,000 deaths per year.

Molecular alterations associated with improved outcome in patients with glioblastoma treated with Tumor-Treating Fields.

Background: The genomic and overall biologic landscape of glioblastoma (GB) has become clearer over the past 2 decades, as predictive and prognostic biomarkers of both de novo and transformed forms of GB have been identified. The oral chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) has been integral to standard-of-care treatment for nearly 2 decades. More recently, the use of non-pharmacologic interventions, such as application of alternating electric fields, called Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields), has emerged as a complementary treatment option that increases overall survival (OS) in patients with newly diagnosed GB.

Phase 1 Study Evaluating Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Ofatumumab Combined With Bendamustine in Patients With Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

The pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of ofatumumab and bendamustine alone and in combination were evaluated in patients with treatment-naive or relapsed indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). Patients were randomly assigned to ofatumumab and bendamustine or ofatumumab alone. Ofatumumab PK concentration profiles and parameters were similar, alone or in combination with bendamustine.

Olaparib treatment for platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer by BRCA mutation and homologous recombination deficiency status: Phase II LIGHT study primary analysis.

Objective: Olaparib treatment resulted in significant improvement in objective response rates (ORRs) and progression-free survival (PFS) over non‑platinum chemotherapy in patients with BRCA1/BRCA2-mutated (BRCAm) platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (PSROC) and ≥2 prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy in the phase III SOLO3 study. LIGHT (NCT02983799) prospectively evaluated olaparib treatment for patients with PSROC and known BRCAm and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status.

Methods: In this phase II open-label multicenter study, patients with PSROC and ≥1 prior line of platinum-based chemotherapy were assigned to cohorts by presence of germline BRCAm (gBRCAm), somatic BRCAm (sBRCAm), HRD-positive tumors without BRCAm, or HRD-negative tumors.

Is there Really a Lump in My Throat? The Incidence and Implication of Vocal fold Abnormalities in Patients Presenting with Globus.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of vocal fold abnormalities in patients with a primary complaint of globus sensation. Secondly, to determine the relationship between globus, vocal fold abnormality, and patient-reported quality of life questionnaire score.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

A rare case of follicular dendritic sarcoma of the vagina.

Follicular dendritic sarcoma of the vagina is an exceptionally rare malignancy. Here, we present a reproductive-aged female with no pertinent past medical history who initially presented with a protruding vaginal mass. Pathology from initial excision was consistent with follicular dendritic sarcoma of the vagina.

Feasibility of machine-delivered sequential massage for the management of lymphedema in the head and neck cancer survivor.

Background: Lymphedema after treatment for head and neck cancer negatively impacts the quality of life and can produce neck tissue stiffness, dysphagia, pain, and swelling. One form of treatment for lymphedema is machine-delivered sequential lymphedema massage, which is home based and self administered. This study was undertaken to determine economic and system access to home-based lymphedema therapy and to measure patient-reported outcomes among those able to access therapy.

Ovarian Function Suppression: A Deeper Consideration of the Role in Early Breast Cancer and its Potential Impact on Patient Outcomes: A Consensus Statement from an International Expert Panel.

It has been suggested that the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) early breast cancer may be related, at least in part, to CT-induced ovarian function suppression (OFS) in this subgroup of patients. Although this hypothesis has not been directly tested in large randomized clinical trials, the observations from prospective studies have been remarkably consistent in showing a late benefit of CT among the subgroup of patients who benefit (ie, women who were close to menopause). The hypothesis has important clinical implications, as it may be possible to spare the associated adverse effects of adjuvant CT in a select group of women with early breast cancer, in favor of optimizing OFS and endocrine therapy (ET), without compromising clinical outcomes.

Radiofrequency and microwave ablation for treatment of recurrent gynecologic malignancies.

Objective: Radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation are used to vaporize tumors not amenable to surgical resection. We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency and microwave ablation for the treatment of isolated lesions in patients with recurrent gynecologic malignancy.

Methods: Patients with gynecologic malignancies treated with radiofrequency or microwave ablation at a university-affiliated cancer center from April 2007 to January 2020 were evaluated.

Primary breast diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon type of breast malignancy. Its clinical presentation and radiographic findings are non-specific and overlap with breast carcinoma. The treatment of PBL differs significantly from breast carcinomas.

Quality of life with encorafenib plus cetuximab with or without binimetinib treatment in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: patient-reported outcomes from BEACON CRC.

Background: In the BEACON CRC study (NCT02928224), encorafenib plus cetuximab with binimetinib {9.3 versus 5.9 months; hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.

Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Outcomes by Age Among ARCAD First- and Second-Line Clinical Trials.

Background: We evaluated the time to progression (TTP) and survival outcomes of second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer among adults aged 70 years and older compared with younger adults following progression on first-line clinical trials.

Methods: Associations between clinical and disease characteristics, time to initial progression, and rate of receipt of second-line therapy were evaluated. TTP and overall survival (OS) were compared between older and younger adults in first- and second-line trials by Cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, number of metastatic sites and presence of metastasis in the lung, liver, or peritoneum.

FAK PROTAC Inhibits Ovarian Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Disrupting Kinase Dependent and Independent Pathways.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers and is a target for cancer therapy. Since FAK kinase inhibitors only block the kinase activity of FAK, they are not highly effective in clinical trials. FAK also functions as a scaffold protein in a kinase-independent pathway.