Broiler farming and antibiotic use through an agency theory lens. A case study from West Bengal, India.

Chicken meat (broiler) production is a rapidly growing livestock sector in India, and one dominated by contract farming. Studies have reported high levels of antibiotic use in Indian broiler farms which is concerning given this is one of the driving forces for the development of antibiotic resistance. This study used the economic lens of agency theory to examine strategic decisions which occur during contract broiler production and their potential impact on antibiotic use, using West Bengal as a case study.

Effect of Nutmeg () and Tea Tree () Essential Oils on the Oxidative and Microbial Stability of Chicken Fillets During Refrigerated Storage.

The current study investigated the impact of nutmeg essential oil (NEO) and tea tree essential oil (TTEO) on the preservation of raw chicken fillets during nine days of refrigerated storage study. The primary aim was to explore the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these essential oils (EOs) and assess their ability to extend the shelf life of poultry meat. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized to identify the chemical compositions of NEO and TTEO, revealing the presence of compounds like myristicin and terpenoids, known for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

Effects of prolonged oxytetracycline supplementation on freshwater stinging catfish (): a multi-biomarker approach.

Background: Aquaculture systems that sporadically depend on antibiotics can contribute to the development of adverse effects on the fish, microbial flora and the environment. This study sought to investigate the impacts of extended oxytetracycline supplementation on the freshwater stinging catfish through a multi-biomarker approach.

Methods: A total of 300 (20 ± 0.

Investigation of Antibiotic-Releasing Biodegradable Composite Bone Cements for Treating Experimental Chronic Maxillofacial Bone Infection.

Chronic osteomyelitis of the maxillofacial bones (i.e., jaw bones) is a persistent infection that requires effective treatment.

Raw Ocimum sanctum L. leaf extract modulates the pharmacokinetic of ceftriaxone and increases its bioavailability in staphylococcal mastitis.

Background: To study the pharmacokinetic interaction of cephalosporin antibiotic ceftriaxone (CFT) with raw undiluted Ocimum sanctum L. leaf juice in chronic staphylococcal mastitis in caprine.

Materials And Methods: Chronic inflammation of the udder was evoked in goats by Staphylococcus aureus (J638) intracisternal inoculation 2000 cfu for 30 days into the left udder.

Circulating microRNAs in Body Fluid: "Fingerprint" RNA Snippets Deeply Impact Reproductive Biology.

Circulating miRNAs (C-miRNAs) occuring in a cell-free form within body fluids and other extracellular environments have garnered attention in recent times. They offer deeper insight into various physiological and pathological processes which include reproductive health. This review delves into their diagnostic potential across a spectrum of reproductive disorders, including conditions affecting ovarian function, male infertility and post pregnancy issues.

Formulation and characterization of novel dairy-based dip utilizing heat-acid-coagulated milk gel and whey.

An attempt was made to develop a novel dairy-based dip-like product from heat-acid-induced milk gel and whey. Based upon preliminary trials, the combination of cream (15-35%), whey (60-70%) and common salt (0.8-1.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in Poly-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate/Acrylamide Membrane Trigger the Key Events of Full-Thickness Wound Healing in a Rabbit Model.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles are known to possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiseptic properties and find wide application in the preparation of topical ointments. Wound dressings in the form of hydrogels can replenish the wound microenvironment to aid the healing process in a multidimensional way. We have fabricated a composite hydrogel using 1-3 wt.

Impact of Triclosan on Bacterial Biodiversity and Sediment Enzymes - A Microcosm Study.

Triclosan (TCS), a widely used antimicrobial biocide, has raised serious concern among the scientific community in recent years owing to its ubiquitous presence around the globe and toxicity to aquatic organisms. The current study investigated the alterations in bacterial diversity, nutrients, and sediment enzyme activity in TCS-exposed sediment. TCS concentrations of 3 mg/L (T1) and 6 mg/L (T2) were applied in a microcosm setup for 28 days to sediment collected from Versova Creek, Mumbai.

Toxicity effects of hexavalent chromium on hematological, biochemical and digestive enzyme profiles of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822).

The study provides a descriptive understanding of the toxic effect of heavy metal chromium on the hematological, biochemical, and digestive enzyme profiles in the fingerlings of Labeo rohita. The 96-h LC of hexavalent chromium was found to be 15.76 mg/L.

αB-crystallin mini-peptides support corneal healing and in rabbit model.

Aim: To evaluate if topical use of αB-crystallin mini-peptides supports corneal healing following flap surgery.

Methods: Cultured corneal cells were treated with fluorescent tagged αB-crystallin mini-peptides to assess its internalization. Cultured corneal cells pre-treated with or without the mini-peptides were exposed to HO and cell viability was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Evaluation of acute and subacute dermal toxicity of antibacterial bioactive glass-infused surgical cotton gauze in Wistar rats.

Mesoporous bioactive glass, with its versatile characteristics and morphology, holds significant potential as an ideal hemostatic material. However, limited data is available regarding its toxicity levels. Consequently, this research intends to assess the acute and repeated dose dermal toxicity of Mesoporous antibacterial bioactive glass microsphere impregnated nonwoven surgical cotton gauze (MABGmscg) dressing in albino Wistar rats, following the standards set by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Challenges in diagnosing bovine tuberculosis through surveillance and characterization of Mycobacterium species in slaughtered cattle in Kolkata.

Background: Tuberculosis in cattle is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species. Apart from MTBC, different Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) species have also been isolated from cattle. The presence of NTM infection in bovines makes the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) a cumbersome task.

Impact of graded doses of enrofloxacin on the safety and biological responses of Nile tilapia .

The cultivation of tilapias, the third most farmed fish group globally, has been rapidly growing, especially in Southeast Asia. This surge in tilapia farming intensification has led to increased use of antibiotics to control bacterial diseases. This study investigated the safety implications of administering graded doses of enrofloxacin (ENF) at 0 (control), 10, 30, 50 and 100 mg/kg biomass/day orally to .

Effects of Chemically and Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Shelf Life and Sensory Quality of Minced Fish ().

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chemically and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the shelf life and sensory quality of fish meat. In this study, ZnO-NPs were synthesized by employing the colloidal chemistry (CZnO-NPs) and green synthesis (GZnO-NPs) methods, and they were also characterized to assess their morphology. The synthesized ZnO-NPs, ZnO, and zinc acetate (ZnA) were used for the preservation and fortification of fish () meat at 20 mg/kg of Zn.

Ratanjot ( L.) Root Extract, Rich in Antioxidants, Exhibits Strong Antimicrobial Activity against Foodborne Pathogens and Is a Potential Food Preservative.

Natural and sustainable plant-based antioxidants and antimicrobials are highly desirable for improving food quality and safety. The present investigation assessed the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of active components from L. (herb) roots, also known as Ratanjot root.

Selective depletion of Campylobacter jejuni via T6SS dependent functionality: an approach for improving chickens gut health.

The targeted depletion of potential gut pathogens is often challenging because of their intrinsic ability to thrive in harsh gut environments. Earlier, we showed that Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) exclusively uses the Type-VI Secretion System (T6SS) to target its prey such as Escherichia coli (E.

Spatiotemporally Controlled Release of Etamsylate from Bioinspired Peptide-Functionalized Nanoparticles Arrests Bleeding Rapidly and Improves Clot Stability in a Rabbit Internal Hemorrhage Model.

Achieving rapid clotting and clot stability are important unmet goals of clinical management of noncompressible hemorrhage. This study reports the development of a spatiotemporally controlled release system of an antihemorrhagic drug, etamsylate, in the management of internal hemorrhage. Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptide-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles, with high affinity to bind with the GPIIa/IIIb receptor of activated platelets, were loaded with the drug etamsylate (etamsylate-loaded GRGDS peptide-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles; EGCSNP).

Activation of Antiviral Host Responses against Avian Influenza Virus and Remodeling of Gut Microbiota by rLAB Vector Expressing rIL-17A in Chickens.

Low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) remains the most common subtype of type-A influenza virus that causes moderate to severe infection in poultry with significant zoonotic and pandemic potential. Due to high mutability, increasing drug resistance, and limited vaccine availability, the conventional means to prevent intra- or interspecies transmission of AIV is highly challenging. As an alternative to control AIV infections, cytokine-based approaches to augment antiviral host defense have gained significant attention.

Enhancing aromatic rice production through agronomic and nutritional management for improved yield and quality.

To meet the growing international demand for aromatic rice, this study, conducted at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya in Cooch Behar, West Bengal, aimed to enhance the yield and quality of the 'Tulaipanji' rice cultivar through advanced establishment methods and the use of organic nutrients over two years. The research tested three planting techniques: mechanical transplanting, wet direct seeding (using a drum seeder), and traditional methods, alongside four nutrient management strategies: vermicompost, farmyard manure, a mix of both, and conventional fertilizers. Findings revealed that mechanical transplanting significantly increased yield by over 31.

Stimulated Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing with Bioactive Dressings of Zinc and Cobalt Ion-Doped Bioactive Glass-Coated Eggshell Membranes in a Diabetic Rabbit Model.

Eggshell membrane-based biomedical applications have recently received great attention for their wound-healing properties. However, there are limited studies on diabetic wound healing. In this regard, we devised four types of composite eggshell membrane mats with nanoscale coatings of bioactive glass/Zn/Co-doped bioactive glass (ESM + BAG, ESM + ZnBAG, ESM + CoBAG, and ESM + ZnCoBAG) as wound-dressing materials for chronic nonhealing diabetic wounds.