Nationwide cross-sectional surveillance of Leishmania donovani in phlebotomine sand flies and its impact on national kala-azar elimination in India.

India is accelerating efforts to eliminate kala-azar by aligning its National Kala-Azar Elimination Program with the World Health Organization's (WHO) roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) 2021-2030. Elimination relies on comprehensive vector surveillance and integrated vector management. This study aimed to conduct nationwide entomological surveillance to detect Leishmania donovani in phlebotomine sand flies.

Genotoxic impact of agricultural insecticides as contaminants of river Teesta on the resident fish Pethia Conchonius.

Fish, being highly sensitive to changes in the physico-chemical parameters of water, are good indicators of contamination. Teesta, a prominent northern West Bengal River system, is increasingly contaminated due to anthropogenic activities. This study aims to determine agricultural pesticide contamination and its genotoxic impact on the resident fish, Pethia conchonius, as an experimental organism.

A Pleiotropic Nanomedicine Mitigates Splenic Hyperplasia, Ineffective Erythropoiesis, G6PDH Anomaly through Redox Buffering in Preclinical Mice Model.

Here, we present a pleiotropic nanomedicine-a smart, functionalized redox buffering nanoparticle-that may be used to treat hematological diseases, associated splenic hyperplasia, and issues related to restricted erythropoiesis. With a diameter of 5-7 nm, the spherical nanomaterial is made of manganese oxide and citrate. Here, we have produced the novel nanomaterial and, using cutting-edge electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, extensively assessed its redox buffering potential in vitro with its structural integrity.

Exploring diabesity pathophysiology through proteomic analysis using .

Introduction: Diabesity, characterized by obesity-driven Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), arises from intricate genetic and environmental interplays that induce various metabolic disorders. The systemic lipid and glucose homeostasis is controlled by an intricate cross-talk of internal glucose/insulin and fatty acid molecules to maintain a steady state of internal environment.

Methods: In this study, were maintained to achieve glucose concentrations resembling the hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic patients to delve into the mechanistic foundations of diabesity.

Lactobacillus plantarum KAD protects against high-fat diet-induced hepatic complications in Swiss albino mice: Role of inflammation and gut integrity.

Hepatic complications are the major health issues associated with dietary intake of calorie saturated food e.g. high-fat diet (HFD).

Fatty acid binding protein as a new age biomarker.

Small lipid-binding proteins known as fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are extensively expressed in cells having elevated levels of fatty acid (FA) metabolism. There are ten known FABPs in mammals that exhibit expression patterns specific to tissues and tertiary structures that are substantially preserved. FABPs were first investigated as FA transport proteins inside cells.

Dengue virus NS1 leads to downregulation of HNF4 alpha in liver cells resulting in a decrease in coagulation factors I, V, X, and XIII, contributing to coagulopathy.

Unlabelled: Dengue virus NS1 protein is a major pathogenic protein. In this study, we examined the role of NS1 in coagulopathy associated with Dengue infection, a common feature of Dengue virus pathogenesis. Since most coagulation factors are produced by hepatocytes and liver is key organ affected during infection, we conducted transcriptomics using total-RNA extracted from Huh7 cells overexpressing NS1 protein.

Exploring the ameliorative potential of rutin against High-Sucrose Diet-induced oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.

Sucrose is a vital ingredient in numerous food items consumed regularly. However, exposure to excessive sucrose for a prolonged period can promote health issues. The reproductive system has a delicate physiology that can be targeted by various chemical stressors, including sucrose.

AXL/GAS6 signaling governs differentiation of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer.

Most epithelial cancers are infiltrated by prognostically relevant myelomonocytic cells. Immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and their precursor monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have previously been associated with worse outcomes in human breast cancer (BCa), yet the mechanism of immunosuppressive TAMs-polarization from myelomonocytic precursors is not completely understood. In this study, we show that persuaded AXL/GAS6 pathway alters macrophage phenotype from HLA-DRCD206CD163 classical phagocytic into HLA-DRCD206CD163 immunosuppressive ones with accelerated BCa progression, and increased angiogenesis signature and invasion ability of cancer cells at tumor beds.

Investigating the differential structural organization and gene expression regulatory networks of lamin A Ig fold domain mutants of muscular dystrophy.

Lamins form a proteinaceous meshwork as a major structural component of the nucleus. Lamins, along with their interactors, act as determinants for chromatin organization throughout the nucleus. The major dominant missense mutations responsible for autosomal dominant forms of muscular dystrophies reside in the Ig fold domain of lamin A.

Nanoconjugate Carrying pH-Responsive Transferrin Receptor-Targeted Hesperetin Triggers Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Death through Oxidative Attack and Assemblage of Pro-Apoptotic Proteins.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is recognized as a major aggressive subtype of breast cancer due to its expeditious worsening growth, extensive metastatic capability, and recalcitrance to standard current treatments. Hesperetin (HSP), a natural bioflavonoid from citrus fruits, demonstrates pronounced anticancer efficacy, but its hydrophobicity limits its clinical development. The present study reports the fabrication of a biocompatible and pH-responsive transferrin (TF) receptor-targeted HSP-loaded poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanobioconjugate (PLGA-HSP-TF NPs) and the exploration of its and antineoplastic potential.

Decoding the role of RNA sequences and their interactions in influenza A virus infection and adaptation.

Influenza viruses (types A, B, C, and D) belong to the family orthomyxoviridae. Out of all the influenza types, influenza A virus (IAV) causes human pandemic outbreaks. Its pandemic potential is predominantly attributed to the genetic reassortment favored by a broad spectrum of host species that could lead to an antigenic shift along with a high rate of mutations in its genome, presenting a possibility of subtypes with heightened pathogenesis and virulence in humans (antigenic drift).

Age-specific changes in the serum proteome of female anadromous, hilsa a comparative analysis across developmental stages.

Introduction: The proteome profile of the female (Hamilton, 1822), a species of great ecological and economic importance, across various age groups was investigated to comprehend the functional dynamics of the serum proteome for conservation and aquaculture, as well as sustain the population.

Methods: Advanced liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS-based proteomic data were analysed and submitted to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via PRIDE (PRoteomics IDEntifications database). Bioinformatics analysis of serum proteome have been done and it showed different proteins associated with GO Gene Ontology () terms, and the genes associated with enriched KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways (such as phagosome, mTOR, Apelin signalling pathways, herpes simplex virus) implicated in immune responses.

The Yin and Yang of TLR4 in COVID-19.

Various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including toll-like receptors (TLRs), play a crucial role in recognizing invading pathogens as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released in response to infection. The resulting signaling cascades initiate appropriate immune responses to eliminate these pathogens. Current evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2-driven activation of TLR4, whether through direct recognition of the spike glycoprotein (alone or in combination with endotoxin) or by sensing various TLR4-activating DAMPs or alarmins released during viral infection, acts as a critical mediator of antiviral immunity.

Azoxystrobin induced genotoxicity in Pethia conchonius, a freshwater fish of river Teesta, India.

Azoxystrobin, a widely used fungicide, can contaminate water bodies through surface run-off, posing a risk to aquatic organisms. This study aimed to assess the genotoxic effects of azoxystrobin on the fish Pethia conchonius. The 96 h lethal concentration (LC) of azoxystrobin was determined to be 0.

Leishmania protein KMP-11 modulates cholesterol transport and membrane fluidity to facilitate host cell invasion.

The first step of successful infection by any intracellular pathogen relies on its ability to invade its host cell membrane. However, the detailed structural and molecular understanding underlying lipid membrane modification during pathogenic invasion remains unclear. In this study, we show that a specific Leishmania donovani (LD) protein, KMP-11, forms oligomers that bridge LD and host macrophage (MΦ) membranes.

Harnessing bacterial metabolites for enhanced cancer chemotherapy: unveiling unique therapeutic potentials.

Cancer poses a serious threat to health globally, with millions diagnosed every year. According to Global Cancer Statistics 2024, about 20 million new cases were reported in 2022, and 9.7 million people worldwide died of this condition.

Unveiling the physical, behavioural, and biochemical effects of clothianidin on a non-target organism, Drosophila melanogaster.

Clothianidin is a novel neonicotinoid pesticide globally used in agriculture to enhance crop production. However, unintentional exposure to clothianidin via contaminated environmental matrices and food products can be detrimental to non-target organisms, including humans. Hence, to unravel the potential health risks at organismal and sub-organismal levels, first instar larvae of a non-target organism, Drosophila melanogaster, were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (0.

Biological and Biophysical Methods for Evaluation of Inhibitors of Sortase A in Staphylococcus aureus: An Overview.

Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most notorious pathogens, develops antibiotic resistance by the formation of a thick layer of exopolysaccharides known as biofilms. Sortase A, a transpeptidase responsible for biofilm formation and attachment to the host surface, has emerged as an important drug target for development of anti-virulence agents. A number of sortase A inhibitors, both peptide and non-peptides are reported which involved the use of several experiments which may provide insights regarding binding affinity, specificity, safety, and efficacy of ligands.

Leukocyte infiltration and cross-talk with cardiomyocytes exploit intracellular stress pathways in dilated cardiomyopathy of idiopathic origin.

Background And Objective: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent form of heart failure results in dilation and disruption of heart. Most strikingly a majority of the DCM cases do not have any identified etiology, hence known as idiopathic DCM (IDCM). Our study aimed to investigate the cross-talk between leukocytes and cardiomyocytes in terms of cardiac inflammation and stress response in IDCM.