Development of a High-Speed Precision Ultrasonic-Assisted Spindle for Ultra-Precision Optical Mold Machining.

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding is a critical method for machining ultra-hard optical molds. However, current ultrasonic-assisted grinding spindles, as essential foundational equipment, face limitations in maintaining ultra-high rotational speed, high precision, and a compact structure during ultrasonic operation. This study presents a novel ultra-precision ultrasonic-assisted high-speed aerostatic spindle for grinding ultra-hard optical molds, developed through theoretical calculations, FEM, and CFD simulations.

A Lightweight and Efficient Multimodal Feature Fusion Network for Bearing Fault Diagnosis in Industrial Applications.

To address the issues of single-structured feature input channels, insufficient feature learning capabilities in noisy environments, and large model parameter sizes in intelligent diagnostic models for mechanical equipment, a lightweight and efficient multimodal feature fusion convolutional neural network (LEMFN) method is proposed. Compared with existing models, LEMFN captures rich fault features at multiple scales by combining time-domain and frequency-domain signals, thereby enhancing the model's robustness to noise and improving data adaptability under varying operating conditions. Additionally, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and random overlapping sampling technology (ROST) are introduced, and through a feature fusion strategy, the accurate diagnosis of mechanical equipment faults is achieved.

A disposable microfluidic aptasensor for one-step and real-time detection of sub-femtomolar-level aflatoxin B in food.

Aflatoxin B (AFB) is a highly toxic substance found in food, necessitating rapid and sensitive detection methods. Combining interfacial capacitive sensing with AC electrothermal (ACET) enrichment, an aptasensor based on a PCB electrode array is developed for real-time detection of trace AFB. Owing to the sensitive solid-liquid capacitance with a pF-level resolution, AFB detection at sub-femtomolar level is achieved.

Advancements and Challenges in Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron-Activated Persulfate Technology for the Removal of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are a new class of pollutants that can affect hormonal metabolic processes in animals and humans. They can enter the aquatic environment through various pathways and gradually become enriched, thus posing a serious threat to the endocrine and physiological systems of both animals and humans. Nano zero-valent iron has promising applications in endocrine disruptor removal due to its excellent reducing properties and high specific surface area.

Selection and verification of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR in endangered mangrove species Acanthus ebracteatus under different abiotic stress conditions.

Acanthus ebracteatus is an endangered true mangrove species with great ecological and medicinal values. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has been widely used to investigate transcriptional responses in A. ebracteatus, which can facilitate its protection and medicinal usage.

3T-VASP: fast ab-initio electrochemical reactor via multi-scale gradient energy minimization.

Ab-initio methods such as density functional theory (DFT) is useful for fundamental atomistic-level study and is widely used across many scientific fields, including for the discovery of electrochemical reaction byproducts. However, many DFT steps may be needed to discover rare electrochemical reaction byproducts, which limits DFT's scalability. In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to generate many elementary electrochemical reaction byproducts in-silico using just a small number of ab-initio energy minimization steps if it is done in a multi-scale manner, such as via previously reported tiered tensor transform (3T) method.

Advancing High-Performance Memristors Enabled by Position-Controlled Grain Boundaries in Controllably Grown Star-Shaped MoS.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are highly promising platforms for memristive switching devices that seamlessly integrate computation and memory. Grain boundaries (GBs), an important micro-nanoscale structure, hold tremendous potential in memristors, but their role remains unclear due to their random distribution, which hinders fabrication. Herein, we present a novel chemical vapor deposition approach to synthesize star-shaped MoS nanoflakes with precisely positioned GBs.

2D Cerium-Organic Frameworks as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines via Hantzsch Reaction.

Herein, a new two-dimensional (2D) Ce-organic frameworks (referred to as SLX-4) was achieved by traditional solvothermal conditions. Initial studies of SLX-4 toward Hantzsch reaction showed that good catalytic activity can be obtained under mild conditions, giving the desired 1,4-dihydropyridines in moderate to high yields. The catalyst could be reused at least 4 times keeping good catalytic activity.

Cation migration in layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries: fundamental failure mechanisms and practical modulation strategies.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as competitive candidates for the next generation of electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems due to their low cost and abundant sodium resources. Layered oxide cathodes have attracted much interest owing to their simple preparation process, high specific capacity and environmental friendliness. However, undesired cation migration during electrochemical reactions can lead to irreversible phase transitions and structural degradation of layered oxide cathode materials, resulting in a sharp decrease in specific capacity and energy density.

Sequential fusion for multi-rate multi-sensor nonlinear dynamic systems with heavy-tailed noise and missing measurements.

This paper focuses on sequential fusion estimation for multi-rate multi-sensor nonlinear dynamic systems with heavy-tailed noise and missing measurements. On the basis of Bayesian inference, a sequential Student's t-based unscented Kalman filter (SSTUKF), together with its square-root form (SR-SSTUKF), is proposed by using the unscented transform to calculate Student's t weighted integrals. Considering the nonstationary measurement noise and/or accumulated computation error, adaptive factors are introduced by the t-test to suppress uncertainties.

Sequential decline in cyanobacterial, total prokaryotic, and eukaryotic responses to backward flow in a river connected to Lake Taihu.

River ecosystems face escalating challenges due to altered flow regimes from human activities, such as urbanization with hydrological modifications. Understanding the role of microbial communities for ecosystems with changing flow regimes is still incomplete and remains at the frontier of aquatic microbial ecology. In particular, influences of riverine backward flow on the aquatic biota remain largely unknown.

Tactfully introducing amphoteric group into electroactive membrane motivates highly efficient HO splitting for reversible removal and recovery of nickel(II).

Membrane-based electro-deposition (MED) is an original process promising for reversible removal and recovery of toxic heavy metal ions from wastewater. The removal efficiency of heavy metal ions, however, was limited by the poor membrane surface HO splitting in the conventional ion exchange membrane (IEM). Inspired by the amphoteric interface-triggered ion exchange resin regeneration phenomenon in electro-deionization, herein we subtly introduced the amphoteric group into IEM as a proof of concept to solve the above bottleneck.

MoZn-based high entropy alloy catalysts enabled dual activation and stabilization in alkaline oxygen evolution.

It remains a grand challenge to develop electrocatalysts with simultaneously high activity, long durability, and low cost for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), originating from two competing reaction pathways and often trade-off performances. The adsorbed evolution mechanism (AEM) suffers from sluggish kinetics due to a linear scaling relationship, while the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) causes unstable structures due to lattice oxygen escape. We propose a MoZnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) incorporating AEM-promoter Mo and LOM-active Zn to achieve dual activation and stabilization for efficient and durable OER.

Boosting the electrochemical performance of the Ni-rich LiNiCoMnO cathode by high-valence Zr/Mo dual-doping.

Ni-rich oxides are attractive high-energy cathodes for lithium-ion batteries but suffer from inherent instability. Herein, we employed an ectopic Zr/Mo dual-doping strategy to reinforce the layered structure through robust M-O bonds and the pillar effect. This strategy mitigates lattice distortion during cycling and inhibits the interface side reactions.

Sowing Clean-Release Salt Catalyst for the Synthesis of Contamination-Free Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays.

Horizontal arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown immense potential for application in emerging devices due to their excellent electrical and thermal properties. The direct growth of SWCNT arrays using high-activity metal catalysts is one of the promising methods to approach the mass production of dense SWCNT arrays. However, an inevitable obstacle lies in the post-purification of metal residual.

Time-correlation functions of stochastic three-sphere micromachines.

We discuss and compare the statistical properties of two stochastic three-sphere micromachines, i.e., odd micromachine and thermal micromachine.

Bioinspired peptide sensors with tailorable structure for specific and in-situ tracking of Hg biodistribution in living cells upon acute exposure.

Metal-biomolecule interactions that are ubiquitous in nature provide fundamental knowledge and rich structural motifs for the development of functional molecules and smart sensors. In this work, inspired by the active sites in metalloproteins, a biomimetic peptide sensor was designed for the selective recognition and activatable sensing of Hg in living biosystems. Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) with typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, was introduced as the activatable signal transducer to enable high signal-to-background signaling.

Qualitative and Quantitative Luminescence Detection of 2,6-Dipicolinic Acid and Levofloxacin Based on a High-Nuclearity Eu(III) Nanomolecular Sensor.

Rapid and accurate testing of 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA) and levofloxacin (LFX) has been attracting much attention due to the fact that the former is an important biomarker of anthrax spores and the latter is a third-generation fluoroquinolone drug and has been recognized as an important environmental pollutant. Herein, we report the preparation of a 13-metal Eu(III) nanomolecular sensor (molecular sizes: 2.0 × 2.

Delavinone elicits oxidative stress and triggers ferroptosis in colorectal cancer by inhibiting PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2.

Ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies have shown that peimine and its analogs exhibit anti-cancer potential; however, the intricate relationship between ferroptosis and their efficacy in fighting CRC remains unclear. In this study, we attempted to assess the therapeutic impact of peimine and its analogs on CRC and unravel the underlying mechanisms.

A Universal Interfacial Reconstruction Strategy Based on Converting Residual Alkali for Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes: Marvelous Air Stability, Reversible Anion Redox, and Practical Full Cell.

Mn-based layered oxide cathodes have attracted widespread attention due to high capacity and low cost, however, poor air stability, irreversible phase transitions, and slow kinetics inhibit their practical application. Here, we propose a universal interfacial reconstruction strategy based on converting residual alkali to tunnel phase NaMnO for addressing the above mentioned issue simultaneously, using O3 NaNiFeMnO@2 mol % NaMnO (NaNFM@NMO) as the prototype material. The optimized material exhibits an initial capacity and energy density comparable with lithium-ion batteries.

Diameter-Controlled Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes Using [2]Collarenes as Rigid Organic Templates.

An effective route to diameter-controlled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remains elusive. The use of organic templates to precisely control the diameter of the resulting nanotubes holds great promise in this regard but has hitherto had very limited practical success. A main obstacle is the limited availability of suitable organic templates.

Depressive symptoms among rural left-behind children and adolescents in China: a large-scale cross-sectional study.

Background: Left-behind children(LBC) in rural China are at increased risk for mental health problems, including depression. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and identify key associate factors among Chinese rural LBC.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 36,612 LBC aged 6 to 18 years old across 596 data collection sites in Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China.