Associations of dietary oxidative balance score with sarcopenia in adults: an NHANES-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Sarcopenia, a prevalent muscle disorder in the older adults, is characterized by accelerated loss of muscle mass and function, contributing to increased risks of falls, functional decline, and mortality. The relationship between dietary oxidative balance score (DOBS) and sarcopenia, however, remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 cohort, which included 8,240 participants, aged 47.

MVK, induced by Kras, represses cGAS-Sting signalling in lung adenocarcinoma.

Cholesterol metabolism is abnormally active in tumour cells. Metabolic enzymes related to cholesterol metabolism are upregulated in tumours, but their nonmetabolic functions remain unclear. We found that MVK (mevalonate kinase) is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues vs.

Association between insulin resistance indices and outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) plays a pivotal role in the interplay between metabolic disorders and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Various non-insulin-based indices emerge as reliable surrogate markers for assessing IR, including the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, the TyG index with body mass index (TyG-BMI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR). However, the ability of different IR indices to predict outcome in HFpEF patients has not been extensively explored.

Genome-wide microsatellite characterization and their marker development and transferability in Broussonetia Species.

Background: Broussonetia papyrifera, B. monoica, and B. kaempferi belong to the genus Broussonetia (Moraceae).

Comparing the efficacy of 3D-printing-assisted surgery with traditional surgical treatment of fracture: an umbrella review.

Background: The objective of this review is to evaluate the methodological quality of meta-analyses and observe the consistency of the evidence they generated to provide comprehensive and reliable evidence for the clinical use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in surgical treatment of fracture.

Methods: We searched three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) up until August 2024. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were adhered to in this review.

[Correction of the pathogenic mutation in the deafness gene via prime editor and adenine base editor ].

To investigate the feasibility of prime editor (PE) and adenine base editor (ABE) for correction the pathogenic variant of the human deafness gene c.1229C>T. From March 2023 to April 2024, prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) expression vectors as well as single guide RNA (sgRNA) were designed and constructed for the c.

PDGFR-α shRNA encoded nanoparticle with epithelial mesenchymal transformation interfering for corneal scarring treatment.

Maintaining the clarity of the cornea is crucial for optimal vision. Corneal scarring (CS), resulting from corneal inflammation, trauma, or surgery, can lead to a reduction in corneal transparency and visual impairment. While corneal transplantation is the primary method for restoring vision, the limited availability of corneal donor presents a significant challenge on a global scale.

MFGE8 induces anti-PD-1 therapy resistance by promoting extracellular vesicle sorting of PD-L1.

Anti-PD-1 therapy, effective in patients with various advanced tumors, still encounters the challenge of insensitivity in most patients. Here, we demonstrate that PD-L1 on tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) is critical for anti-PD-1 therapy resistance. Reducing endogenous and transferring exogenous TEVs abrogates and induces anti-PD-1 therapy resistance, respectively.

Informatics strategies for early detection and risk mitigation in pancreatic cancer patients.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape in pancreatic cancer (PC) screening, diagnosis, and early detection. This emphasizes the need for targeted screening in high-risk groups, particularly those with familial predispositions and genetic mutations, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2. This review highlights the sporadic nature of most PC cases and significant risk factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and diabetes.

Comparative survival outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in patients with T1c, node-negative, triple-negative breast cancer: A population-based analysis.

Background: Ongoing discussions persist concerning the precedence of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) relative to adjuvant therapy (AT) for patients with T1c, node-negative, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and pertinent guidelines for these individuals are absent.

Methods: Women diagnosed with T1cN0M0-stage TNBC who received chemotherapy and surgery were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2010-2020). To balance baseline characteristics and mitigate selection bias, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to create the NAT and AT cohorts.

Nebulized Tranexamic Acid in the Management of Hemoptysis: An Integrative Review.

Objective: This integrative review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized tranexamic acid (TXA) in managing hemoptysis, assessing its potential as a non-invasive alternative to traditional invasive procedures.

Methods: An integrative review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024584812). The search included databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, encompassing studies published up to August 7, 2024.

Genetic analysis of a pedigree with hereditary coagulation factor XII deficiency.

Analyze the clinical phenotype and gene mutations of a family with hereditary FXII deficiency, and preliminarily explore its phenotypic manifestations. The routine coagulation indicators and related coagulation factors were measured.Thromboelastography and thrombin generation tests simulated coagulation and anticoagulation states in vitro and in vivo.

Which is the most cost-effective antiseizure medication for initial monotherapy for focal epilepsy?

Objective: An increasing number of antiseizure medications (ASMs) are approved for monotherapy for focal epilepsy, but direct comparisons of the lifetime cost-effectiveness of all existing treatment strategies are lacking. This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of new ASMs and traditional ASMs as first-line monotherapy for newly diagnosed focal epilepsy.

Method: We used a Markov model to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of 10 ASMs in the treatment of focal epilepsy, with lacosamide (LCM) as a control, from the perspective of society in the United States.

Conjugation of PDLA onto MgO microspheres: comparison between solution grafting and melt grafting methods.

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is known for its bioactivity and osteoconductivity when incorporated into biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA), whereas the weak interfacial bonding between MgO microspheres (mMPs) and PLA often leads to suboptimal composite properties with uncontrollable functionality. Conjugation of mMPs with PLA may offer a good way to enhance their compatibility. In this study, we systematically investigated two grafting techniques, solution grafting (Sol) and melt grafting (Mel), to decorate poly (D-lactic acid) (PDLA) on mMPs pre-treated by prioritized hydration to obtain Sol MPs and Mel MPs, in order to optimize the grafting efficiency and improve their controllability in the properties including the crystal structure and surface morphology.

Combining Hard Shell with Soft Core to Enhance Enzyme Activity and Resist External Disturbances.

Immobilizing enzymes onto solid supports having enhanced catalytic activity and resistance to harsh external conditions is considered as a promising and critical method of broadening enzymatic applications in biosensing, biocatalysis, and biomedical devices; however, it is considerably hampered by limited strategies. Here, a core-shell strategy involving a soft-core hexahistidine metal assembly (HmA) is innovatively developed and characterized with encapsulated enzymes (catalase (CAT), horseradish peroxidase, glucose oxidase (GOx), and cascade enzymes (CAT+GOx)) and hard porous shells (zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), ZIF-8, ZIF-67, ZIF-90, calcium carbonate, and hydroxyapatite). The enzyme-friendly environment provided by the embedded HmA proves beneficial for enhanced catalytic activity, which is particularly effective in preserving fragile enzymes that will have been deactivated without the HmA core during the mineralization of porous shells.

Smart Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, Immunogenicity, and Clinical Translation.

In cancer research and personalized medicine, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as a significant breakthrough in both cancer treatment and diagnosis. MSNs offer targeted drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects on healthy cells. Due to their unique characteristics, MSNs provide targeted drug delivery, maximizing therapeutic effectiveness with minimal adverse effects on healthy cells.

Red cell distribution width/platelet ratio predicts decompensation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-related compensated advanced chronic liver disease.

Prognostication of compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) is of paramount importance for the physician-and-patient communication and for rational clinical decisions. The paper published by Dallio reports on red cell distribution width (RDW)/platelet ratio (RPR) as a non-invasive biomarker in predicting decompensation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related cACLD. Differently from other biomarkers and algorithms, RPR is inexpensive and widely available, based on parameters which are included in a complete blood count.

Serum neuritin as a predictive biomarker of early neurological deterioration and poor prognosis after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cerebrovascular disease characterized by high mortality and disability rates. Neuritin, significantly expressed in injured brain tissues, is implicated in the molecular mechanisms underlying acute brain injury. We aimed to explore the prognostic and predictive value of serum neuritin in ICH.

The lysosome-related characteristics affects the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The lysosome plays a vitally crucial role in tumor development and is a major participant in the cell death process, involving aberrant functional and structural changes. However, there are few studies on lysosome-associated genes (LAGs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods: Bulk RNA-seq of LUAD was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

Long-term health outcomes and quality of life in women with untreated pelvic floor dysfunction: a single-center cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term health outcomes and quality of life (HRQoL) associated with untreated pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in women, and to identify key factors contributing to symptom severity.

Methods: A cohort of 1,651 women aged 18 years and older with untreated PFD were recruited between June 2018 and August 2023. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle factors, and clinical history were collected via questionnaires and clinical assessments.

Unraveling the interconnectedness between physician burnout and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress: a network analysis among Chinese psychiatrists.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the levels of burnout and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare professionals. However, research on the interrelations between burnout and psychological symptoms is scarce, particularly among psychiatrists. This study addresses this gap in a national sample.

Therapeutic potential of hydrogen-rich water in zebrafish model of Alzheimer's disease: targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and the gut-brain axis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, with amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation playing a key role in its pathogenesis. Aβ-induced oxidative stress leads to neuronal damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis, making antioxidative strategies promising for AD treatment. This study investigates the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) in a zebrafish AD model.

A narrative review focusing on randomized clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 disease.

Current evidence is inconsistent on whether vitamin D supplementation can prevent COVID-19 infection or improve its clinical outcomes. To better understand and look into the issue, we went through the background knowledge of COVID-19 and vitamin D, searched in Pubmed [by using key words in the title containing "randomized clinical trial", "COVID-19", and "vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D, or cholecalciferol, or calcidiol, or calcifediol) supplementation"] for publications of studies on vitamin D/supplementation in COVID-19 patients, especially those about the randomized clinical trials (RCTs). After reviewing these papers, we did a short background review of vitamin D and the pathophysiology of COVID-19, summarized the key features of the 25 RCTs in text and tabulated in a table of some of the features, commented, compared and discussed the differences between RCTs (for example, change the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration from nmol/L to ng/mL, making the comparison easier).

Preparation, structural property, and antioxidant activities of a novel pectin polysaccharide from the flowers of Linn.

Introduction: Oxidative stress, triggered by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, is implicated in various pathological conditions. Plant-derived polysaccharides have gained significant attention as potential natural antioxidants due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural versatility.

Methods: This study focuses on the purification, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities of a novel pectin polysaccharide (HFPS) isolated from the flowers of Linn.

Noninvasive assessment of pediatric glomerular disease: multimodal ultrasound.

Background: Traditional 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound is a noninvasive method in the assessment of glomerular disease. Ultrasound elastography shows promise in evaluating renal fibrosis, which plays a key role in glomerular disease progression. However, research in pediatric cohorts is limited.