Drug delivery under cover of erythrocytes extends drug half-life: A thrombolytic targeting therapy utilizing microenvironment-responsive artificial polysaccharide microvesicles.

The development of thrombolytic drug carriers capable of thrombus-targeting, prolonged circulation time, intelligent responsive release, and the ability to inhibit thrombotic recurrences remains a promising but significant challenge. To tackle this, an artificial polysaccharide microvesicle drug delivery system (uPA-CS/HS@RGD-ODE) was constructed. It is composed of cationic chitosan and anionic heparin assembled in a layer by layer structure, followed by surface modification using RGD peptide and 2-(N-oxide-N,N-diethylamino) ethylmethacrylate (ODE) before encapsulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA).