GG Combined with Metformin Alleviates Alcohol-Induced Liver Inflammation in Mice by Maintaining the Intestinal Barrier and Regulating Treg/Th1 Cells.

Disturbances of the intestinal barrier enabling bacterial translocation exacerbate alcoholic liver disease (ALD). GG (LGG) has been shown to exert beneficial effects in gut dysbiosis and chronic liver disease. The current study assessed the combined effects of LGG and metformin, which play roles in anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes, in alcohol-induced liver disease mice.

The corneal biomechanical changes of phacoemulsification in cataract patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the corneal biomechanical properties of phacoemulsification in the treatment of cataract patients.

Methods: Pertinent studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and clinicaltrials.gov.

Incidence of 12-month postoperative cognitive decline following regional vs. general anaesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: follow-up of the RAGA trial.

Introduction: Data regarding the incidence of 12-month postoperative cognitive decline following regional or general anaesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery remain observational. Compared with general anaesthesia, we hypothesised that regional anaesthesia would decrease the incidence of 12-month postoperative cognitive decline.

Methods: This is substudy of a multicentre randomised trial of regional anaesthesia with no sedation vs.

Indole-3-Lactic Acid Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Ferroptosis Through Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor/Nrf2 Signalling Pathway.

The clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due to its cardiotoxicity, which is primarily attributed to its interaction with iron in mitochondria, leading to lipid peroxidation and myocardial ferroptosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of the gut microbiota-derived metabolite, indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), in mitigating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Cardiac function, pathological changes, and myocardial ferroptosis were assessed in vivo.

Mechanically regulated microcarriers with stem cell loading for skin photoaging therapy.

Long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation compromises skin structural integrity and results in disruption of normal physiological functions. Stem cells have gained attention in anti-photoaging, while controlling the tissue mechanical microenvironment of cell delivery sites is crucial for regulating cell fate and achieving optimal therapeutic performances. Here, we introduce a mechanically regulated human recombinant collagen (RHC) microcarrier generated through microfluidics, which is capable of modulating stem cell differentiation to treat photoaged skin.

Exploring the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on retinal vascular morphology by PKSEA-Net.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a temporary metabolic disorder in which small retinal vessels may have experience subtle changes before clinical lesions of the fundus retina appear. An innovative artificial intelligence image processing technology was applied to locate and analyze the small retinal vessel morphology and accurately evaluate the changes of the small retinal vessels in GDM patients and pregnant women with normal blood glucose and non-pregnant women with normal blood glucose.

Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups:GDM group, pregnant control group (PC), and normal control group (NC).

Comparing the efficacy of 3D-printing-assisted surgery with traditional surgical treatment of fracture: an umbrella review.

Background: The objective of this review is to evaluate the methodological quality of meta-analyses and observe the consistency of the evidence they generated to provide comprehensive and reliable evidence for the clinical use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in surgical treatment of fracture.

Methods: We searched three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) up until August 2024. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were adhered to in this review.

Nebulized Tranexamic Acid in the Management of Hemoptysis: An Integrative Review.

Objective: This integrative review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized tranexamic acid (TXA) in managing hemoptysis, assessing its potential as a non-invasive alternative to traditional invasive procedures.

Methods: An integrative review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024584812). The search included databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, encompassing studies published up to August 7, 2024.

Smart Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, Immunogenicity, and Clinical Translation.

In cancer research and personalized medicine, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as a significant breakthrough in both cancer treatment and diagnosis. MSNs offer targeted drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects on healthy cells. Due to their unique characteristics, MSNs provide targeted drug delivery, maximizing therapeutic effectiveness with minimal adverse effects on healthy cells.

Unraveling the interconnectedness between physician burnout and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress: a network analysis among Chinese psychiatrists.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the levels of burnout and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare professionals. However, research on the interrelations between burnout and psychological symptoms is scarce, particularly among psychiatrists. This study addresses this gap in a national sample.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: Opportunities and challenges.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Numerous trials have explored the use of ICIs, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, in the neoadjuvant setting for stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer. Most trials have demonstrated neoadjuvant immunotherapy to be safe and to have remarkable efficacy, with a high pathological response rate and significantly improved event-free survival.

The Role of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Administration During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Questionnaire Survey.

In December 2022, China classified COVID-19 as a category B infectious disease. This ended 2 years of close epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19. The objective of this questionnaire was to assess the infection status in the COVID-19 pandemic since December in Henan Province, China, and the prevalence of infection in people who were taking ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) during this period.

JOSD2 inhibits angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SMAD7.

Increased level of angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a central role in the development of hypertensive vascular remodeling. In this study, we identified the deubiquitinating enzyme Josephin domain-containing protein 2 (JOSD2) as a protective factor and investigated its molecular mechanism in Ang II-induced vascular remodeling. First, we found that JOSD2 was upregulated in aortic smooth muscle cells, but not in endothelial cells of Ang II-challenged mouse vascular tissues.

Transauricular vagus nerve stimulation in preventing post-traumatic stress disorder in emergency trauma surgery patients in China: a study protocol for a multicenter, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.

Introduction: The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in emergency trauma surgery patients is 24%, emphasising the urgent need for effective early interventions and treatments. Transauricular vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) modulates the autonomic nervous system by stimulating the nucleus tractus solitarius while affecting PTSD-related neural networks, including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala, potentially offering new options for PTSD prevention and treatment. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ta-VNS in preventing PTSD in emergency trauma surgery patients.

Regulatory mechanisms of haptoglobin on particulate matter-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in bronchial epithelial cells.

Background: It has been proposed that repeated exposure of bronchial epithelial cells to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could disrupt airway epithelial integrity and lead to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ultimately airway remodeling. The molecular mechanisms underlying PM-related bronchial epithelial EMT have not yet been elucidated. The aim of this research is to clarify the molecular mechanism of EMT upon PM exposure.

Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of immune-related diseases.

The circadian clock is an internal timekeeper system that regulates biological processes through a central circadian clock and peripheral clocks controlling various genes. Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like 1 (), also known as aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (), is a key component of the circadian clock. The deletion of alone can abolish the circadian rhythms of the human body.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-associated tumor microenvironment remodelling and cancer immunotherapy.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine playing a pivotal role during inflammation and immune responses. In the recent years, the function of IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) for affecting tumorigenesis and immunotherapy response has been investigated. The genetic mutations are mainly responsible for the development of cancer, while interactions in TME are also important, involving both cancers and non-cancerous cells.

Prediction of OCT contours of short-term response to anti-VEGF treatment for diabetic macular edema using generative adversarial networks.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) stands as a leading cause for vision loss among the working-age population. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are currently recognized as the first-line treatment. However, a significant portion of patients remain insensitive to anti-VEGF, resulting in sustained visual impairment.

Development and psychometric evaluation of a self-management ability assessment scale for individuals with spinal cord injury.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a scale to assess the self-management capability of patients with spinal cord injuries and provide an evaluation tool for implementing targeted interventions.

Methods: Drawing upon the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change (ITHBC) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework, an initial version of the Spinal Cord Injury Patient Self-Management Capability Assessment Scale was developed through literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, and expert inquiry using the Delphi method. Subsequently, two rounds of inquiries were conducted with a panel of 20 experts to refine items in the scale based on the feedback obtained.

Application of a near-infrared viscosity-responsive fluorescent probe for lysosomal targeting in fatty liver mice.

Viscosity is a fundamental property in biological systems, influencing organelle function and molecular diffusion. Abnormal viscosity is associated with diseases such as metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Lysosomes, central to cellular degradation and recycling, are sensitive to viscosity changes, which can disrupt enzymatic activity and cellular homeostasis.

Nerve-Derived Extracellular Matrix Promotes Neural Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Enhances Interleukin-4 Efficacy for Advanced Nerve Regeneration.

Facilitating neuronal differentiation of stem cells and microenvironment remodeling are the key challenges in cell-based transplantation strategies for central nervous system regeneration. Herein, the study harnesses the intrinsic pro-neural differentiation potential of nerve-derived extracellular matrix (NDEM) and its specific affinity for cytokines to develop an NDEM-gelatin methacryloyl(gelMA)-based bifunctional hydrogel delivery system for stem cells and cytokines. This system promotes the neural differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and optimizes the therapeutic index of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment.

Age- and Sex-Specific Regulation of Serine Racemase in the Retina of an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse.

Purpose: Changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may have measurable effects on the retina, which may facilitate early detection due to the eye's accessibility. Retinal pathology and the regulation of serine racemase (SR) were investigated in the retinas of APP(SW)/PS1(∆E9) mice.

Methods: SR in the retinas and the content of D-serine in the aqueous humor were analyzed.

Peripheral neuropathy in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: a clinical and electrophysiological cross-sectional study.

Background And Objective: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a multifaceted disorder impacting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This study aims to investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of peripheral neuropathy in patients with NIID.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients diagnosed with NIID were prospectively recruited from multiple centers across China between October 2017 and May 2024.

Prognostic Value of the Preoperative Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio for Postoperative Adverse Events in Patients with Acute Type a Aortic Dissection.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of the preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for postoperative adverse events in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).

Methods: A retrospective study of the clinical data collected in our hospital between March 2015 and January 2024 was performed on 290 patients diagnosed with ATAAD who underwent surgical treatment and met the inclusion criteria for patient selection. The included patients were divided into a low LMR group (<1.

Nonacademic predictors of China medical licensing examination.

Background: National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) is the entrance exam for medical practice in China, and its general medical knowledge test (GMKT) evaluates abilities of medical students to comprehensively apply medical knowledge to clinical practice. This study aimed to identify nonacademic predictors of GMKT performance, which would benefit medical schools in designing appropriate strategies and techniques to facilitate the transition from medical students to qualified medical practitioners.

Methods: In 1202 medical students, we conducted the deletion-substitution-addition (DSA) and structural equation model (SEM) analyses to identify nonacademic predictors of GMKT performance from 98 candidate variables including early life events, physical conditions, psychological and personality assessments, cognitive abilities, and socioeconomic conditions.