Fraxin inhibits ovariectomized-induced bone loss and osteoclastogenesis by suppressing ROS activity.

Osteoporosis is characterized by increased osteoclast activity, which is strongly associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Fraxin, a natural coumarin glycoside, has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its effects on bone homeostasis are obscure. The effects of fraxin on osteoclast formation and activation were measured via an in vitro osteoclastogenesis assay.

Tocilizumab alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by improving PI3K/AKT pathway.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory condition of the respiratory system, associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of tocilizumab (TZ), an IL-6 receptor inhibitor, in mitigating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI by modulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. An ALI model was established using LPS induction.

Construction of Supramolecular Polymer Network Elastomers Based on Pillar[5]arene/Alkyl Chain Host-Guest Interactions.

As a special kind of supramolecular compound with many favorable properties, pillar[]arene-based supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs) show potential application in many fields. Although we have come a long way using pillar[]arene to prepare SPNs and construct a series of smart materials, it remains a challenge to enhance the mechanical strength of pillar[]arene-based SPNs. To address this issue, a new supramolecular regulation strategy was developed, which could precisely control the preparation of pillar[]arene-based SPN materials with excellent mechanical properties by adjusting the polymer network structures.

Identification of clinicopathological-specific driver gene and genetic subtyping of colorectal cancer.

This study analyzed targeted sequencing data from 6530 tissue samples from patients with metastatic Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) to identify low mutation frequency and subgroup-specific driver genes, using three algorithms for overall CRC as well as across different clinicopathological subgroups. We analyzed 425 cancer-related genes, identifying 101 potential driver genes, including 36 novel to CRC. Notably, some genes demonstrated subgroup specificity; for instance, ERBB4 was found as a male-specific driver gene and mutations of ERBB4 only influenced the prognosis of male patients with CRC.

Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics for forecasting microsatellite status in gastric cancer: a multicenter study.

Objective: This investigation attempted to examine the effectiveness of CT-derived peritumoral and intratumoral radiomics in forecasting microsatellite instability (MSI) status preoperatively among gastric cancer (GC) patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on GC patients from February 2019 to December 2023 across three healthcare institutions. 364 patients (including 41 microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and 323 microsatellite instability-low/stable (MSI-L/S)) were stratified into a training set (n = 202), an internal validation set (n = 84), and an external validation set (n = 78).

AM1241 inhibits chondrocyte inflammation and ECM degradation through the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways and alleviates osteoarthritis in mice.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the impact of AM1241 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chondrocyte inflammation in mice and its potential mechanism for improving osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: The OA mice model was established employing the refined Hulth method. The impact of different concentrations of AM1241 on mice chondrocyte activity was detected using CCK-8.

Quercetin can improve anesthesia induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction by regulating miR-138-5p/ LCN2.

Background: Anesthesia can lead to functional cognitive impairment, which can seriously affect postoperative recovery. To investigate the effect and mechanism of quercetin (Que) in anesthetized rats, the study provided a new therapeutic idea for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction caused by anesthesia.

Methods: Cognitively impaired rats were constructed using Isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia and treated with Que.

Relationship between diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and lumbar paravertebral muscle fat infiltration: a CT-based retrospective study.

Purpose: Plentiful evidence points to a significant correlation between paravertebral muscles and spinal diseases. Yet, no reports are available detailing the association between paravertebral muscle status and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the link between paravertebral muscle area as well as fat infiltration and DISH based on computer tomography.

A Pyrroloquinazoline Analogue Regulated Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis Dual-Species Biofilms.

Objective: Selective inhibition of cariogenic bacteria is regarded as a potential strategy against caries. To assess the potential of SCH-79797, one novel promising antibiotic, in microbial equilibrium using a dual-species biofilms model of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (S.

Carbon-based nanozymes for cancer therapy and diagnosis: A review.

Carbon-based nanozymes (CNs) have emerged as a significant innovation in targeted cancer therapy, demonstrating great potential for advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment. With exceptional catalytic properties, remarkable biocompatibility, and the ability to precisely target cancer cells, CNs provide a promising avenue for the development of novel oncological therapies. By functionalizing their surfaces with targeting ligands, such as antibodies or peptides, CNs can specifically recognize and bind to cancer cells.

High fructose levels inhibit the proliferation of cardiomyocytes via the Notch1 signaling pathway.

Fructose, as a natural and simple sugar, is not significantly harmful to the human body when consumed in moderation and can provide energy for the body. High-fructose diets have been linked to an increased risk of a range of metabolic disorders, including hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. These conditions are known to be associated with an elevated risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases.

Laminaran potentiates cGAS-STING signaling to enhance antiviral responses.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway, an essential element in the innate antiviral immune responses, has emerged as a key component of innate immune system to modulate type I IFNs production and response by recognizing both exogenous and endogenous DNA. Although some cGAS-STING signaling small molecule agonists have been developed, there are few natural polysaccharides reported to activate cGAS-STING signaling for the treatment of infectious diseases. Here, we reported that Laminaran, a low molecular weight β-glucan storage polysaccharide present in brown algae, potentiates cGAS-STING signaling to promote type I IFNs production and antiviral response.

Application of deep learning model based on unenhanced chest CT for opportunistic screening of osteoporosis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: A large number of middle-aged and elderly patients have an insufficient understanding of osteoporosis and its harm. This study aimed to establish and validate a convolutional neural network (CNN) model based on unenhanced chest computed tomography (CT) images of the vertebral body and skeletal muscle for opportunistic screening in patients with osteoporosis.

Materials And Methods: Our team retrospectively collected clinical information from participants who underwent unenhanced chest CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examinations between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, at four hospitals.

Tuning Isomerism Effect in Organic Bulk Additives Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Organic additives with multiple functional groups have shown great promise in improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. The functional groups can passivate undercoordinated ions to reduce nonradiative recombination losses. However, how these groups synergistically affect the enhancement beyond passivation is still unclear.

The protective roles of eugenol on type 1 diabetes mellitus through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress pathway.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from damage to the pancreatic β cells and an absolute deficiency of insulin, leading to multi-organ involvement and a poor prognosis. The progression of T1DM is significantly influenced by oxidative stress and apoptosis. The natural compound eugenol (EUG) possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Association of small vessel disease progression with longitudinal cognitive decline across mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is the leading cause of vascular dementia. However, it is unclear whether the individual SVD or global SVD progression correlates with cognitive decline across mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects.

Objective: To investigate the association of small vessel disease progression with longitudinal cognitive decline across MCI.

Ultrasound-Triggered Oxygen Release System for Accelerating Wound Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common complication of chronic diabetes mellitus. Oxygen plays a critical role in the healing process of DFU wounds by promoting cell migration and neovascularization. However, clinical hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy predominantly uses systemic oxygen administration, posing challenges in inadequate DFU local oxygen penetration and potential ectopic organs oxygen toxicity.

FOXA1 activates NOLC1 transcription through NOTCH pathway to promote cell stemness in lung adenocarcinoma.

Tumor cell stemness plays a pivotal role in generating functional heterogeneity within tumors and is implicated in essential processes such as drug resistance, metastasis, and cell proliferation. Therefore, creating novel tumor diagnostic techniques and therapeutic plans requires a knowledge of the possible processes that preserve the stem cell-like qualities of cancers. Bioinformatics analysis of NOLC1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and prediction of its upstream transcription factors and their binding sites were completed.

Efficacy of Combined PD-1 Inhibitor and Bevacizumab in Unresectable Liver Metastasis of MSI-H Colorectal Cancer: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have demonstrated limited effectiveness in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent studies suggest that their efficacy can be enhanced when combined with anti-angiogenic agents. CASE REPORT We present a case of a 25-year-old woman with CRC harboring a KRAS mutation and MSI-H status, along with initially unresectable liver metastases.

Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Liver Dysfunction.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is mainly triggered by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. There are few studies on the role of the gut microbiota in IM and EBV-associated liver dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the gut microbiota in the EBV-associated liver dysfunction and to evaluate the relationship between the severity of gut microbiota dysbiosis and cytokine levels.

Efficacy and safety of topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid in spinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The relative efficacies of topical and intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) in spinal surgery remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of topical versus intravenous TXA in spinal surgery, with a particular focus on the impacts on intraoperative blood loss (IBL) and associated outcomes.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases to identify all literature related to topical and intravenous TXA in spinal surgery.

Evaluation of the cross-immunity between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus in vitro.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) are important pathogens that can cause lung diseases.

RNF138 contributes to cisplatin resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Resistance to chemotherapy is a significant concern in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and occurs due to various mechanisms. This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of RING finger protein 138 (RNF138) in the development of cisplatin resistance to NPC. After gene overexpression and silencing, the expression levels of RNF138 were evaluated.

Iron-Based Nanomaterials for Modulating Tumor Microenvironment.

Iron-based nanomaterials (IBNMs) have been widely applied in biomedicine applications including magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drug delivery, tumor therapy, and so forth, due to their unique magnetism, excellent biocompatibility, and diverse modalities. Further research on its enormous biomedical potential is still ongoing, and its new features are constantly being tapped and demonstrated. Among them, various types of IBNMs have demonstrated significant cancer therapy capabilities by regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME).