A comprehensive insights of cancer immunotherapy resistance.

Cancer is a major global health issue that is usually treated with multiple therapies, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies like immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a new and alternative approach to treating various types of cancer that are difficult to treat with other methods. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise for long-term efficacy, they have limited effectiveness in common cancer types such as breast, prostate, and lung.

FOXP3 as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in immunogenic cell death modulation for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains a challenging cancer type due to its resistance to standard treatments. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has the potential to activate anti-tumor immunity, presenting a promising avenue for ccRCC therapies.

Methods: We analyzed data from GSE29609, TCGA-KIRC, and GSE159115 to identify ICD-related prognostic genes in ccRCC.

Protein kinase C iota (PKCι) and pVHL are both needed for lysosomal degradation of α5 integrin in renal carcinoma cells.

Background: von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) hereditary cancer syndrome is caused by mutations in the VHL tumor suppressor gene and is characterized by a predisposition to form various types of tumors, including renal cell carcinomas, hemangioblastomas, and pheochromocytomas. The protein products of the VHL gene, pVHL, are part of an ubiquitin ligase complex that tags hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF-α) for proteosomal degradation. pVHL has also been reported to bind to atypical protein kinase C (aPKC).

Natural compounds as modulators of miRNAs: a new frontier in bladder cancer treatment.

Bladder cancer (BC) is a major global health issue with a high recurrence rate and limited effective treatments. Over the past few years, it has become evident that miRNAs play a role in the carcinogenesis process, particularly in regulating genes that promote cancer cell proliferation and invasion. This review focuses on the extent to which natural products can act as potential miRNA modulators for the management of bladder cancer.

The inhibitory effect of Hypericum japonicum on H9N2 avian influenza virus.

The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) causes severe immunosuppression and high mortality in view of its frequent co-infection with other pathogens, resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Current vaccines provide suboptimal immune protection against H9N2 AIV owing to antigenic variations, highlighting the urgent need for safe and effective antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of this virus. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Hypericum japonicum extract on H9N2 AIV.

Responsive cancer care in Asia: stigma and pain must be acknowledged and addressed.

Purpose: This study investigates whether cancer-related stigma and pain among patients with advanced cancer influences their perceptions of receiving responsive care.

Methods: We surveyed 2138 advanced cancer patients from 11 hospitals in eight Asian countries. Participants rated their most recent healthcare visit and a hypothetical patient's experience described in vignettes concerning dignity, clarity of information, and involvement in decision-making.

Psychological burden in patients with sellar masses under conservative and surgical management.

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of distress and the quality of life of operated and non-operated patients with pituitary tumors. Patients who presented to a neurosurgical center and two endocrinological services for outpatient follow-up after surgical treatment, as well as those under medical therapy or radiological follow-up without treatment, were invited to participate in the study. Sociodemographic, health-related quality of life and clinical data were assessed.

First-line biologics as a treatment for ulcerative colitis: a multicenter randomized control study.

Background: Despite the availability of several biologics for ulcerative colitis (UC), there remains a critical need to identify first-line treatment biologics. The superiority of infliximab (IFX) over vedolizumab (VED) and ustekinumab (UST) was evaluated as initial UC treatments in patients with biologic-naïve UC.

Methods: This multicenter, randomized control trial was conducted across 20 Japanese medical institutions.

Effects of water ammonia nitrogen on hemolymph and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Ammonia stress was detrimental to shrimp, but how water ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) influences the shrimp's health remains unclear. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effects of water ammonia-N on hemolymph ammonia-N concentration, hepatopancreas structure, and the intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei with four experiments. We found that the concentration of ammonia-N in shrimp hemolymph was significantly higher than that in pond water, indicating that water ammonia-N stimulates the accumulation of hemolymph ammonia-N.

Bridging the digital divide for outpatients treated with anticancer chemotherapy: a retrospective quantitative and qualitative analysis of an adapted electronic Patient Reported Outcome program.

Purpose: Using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) in clinical trial has shown benefits for patients. However, the digital divide can lead to unequal access to telehealth. We investigated whether a dedicated support program could bridge that divide.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum alleviates neurological deficits and gastrointestinal dysfunction in mice with traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-associated neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity can induce gastrointestinal dysfunction through the brain-gut axis. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) was demonstrated to exert beneficial health effects by altering gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Our study aimed to explore the effects of PHGG on gastrointestinal dysfunction in TBI mouse models.

Comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality in population-dense and extensive agricultural regions and study on its relationship with agricultural production and human activities.

Extensive agricultural regions commonly face issues of poor groundwater management, non-standard agricultural production practices, and unordered discharge of domestic pollution, leading to a continuous decline in groundwater quality and a sharp increase in risks. A comprehensive understanding of groundwater conditions and pollution is a crucial step in effectively addressing the water quality crisis. This study employs the Comprehensive Water Quality Index, Irrigation parameter, and Pollution Index to comprehensively investigate the groundwater quality in a typical agricultural area in Shandong, China, and assesses the suitability of groundwater for irrigation and the risks to human health.

European central hypoventilation syndrome consortium description of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome neonatal onset.

Unlabelled: It is known that in most cases of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), apnoeas and hypoventilation occur at birth. Nevertheless, a detailed description of initial symptoms, including pregnancy events and diagnostic tests performed, is warranted in infants with neonatal onset of CCHS, that is, in the first month of life. The European Central Hypoventilation Syndrome Consortium created an online patient registry from which 97 infants (44 females) with CCHS of neonatal onset and PHOX2B mutation from 10 countries were selected.

Amino acid stable carbon isotopes in nail keratin illuminate breastfeeding and weaning practices of mother - infant dyads.

Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA) is widely used in ecological studies to analyze food-webs and is gaining use in archaeology for investigating past diets. However, its use in reconstructing breastfeeding and weaning practices is not fully understood. This study evaluates the efficacy of stable carbon isotope analysis of amino acids in early life diet reconstruction by analyzing keratin from fingernail samples of three mother-infant pairs during late gestation and early postpartum periods.

Functional characterization of novel anti-DEFA5 monoclonal antibody clones 1A8 and 4F5 in inflammatory bowel disease colitis tissues.

Background: The aberrant expression of α defensin 5 (DEFA5) protein in colonic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) underlies the distinct pathogenesis of Crohn's colitis (CC). It can serve as a biomarker for differentiating CC from Ulcerative colitis (UC), particularly in Indeterminate colitis (IC) cases into UC and CC. We evaluated the specificity of commercially available anti-DEFA5 antibodies, emphasizing the need to further validate their appropriateness for a given application and highlighting the necessity for novel antibodies.

Photosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is not optimally regulated under very high CO.

One strategy for CO mitigation is using photosynthetic microorganisms to sequester CO under high concentrations, such as in flue gases. While elevated CO levels generally promote growth, excessively high levels inhibit growth through uncertain mechanisms. This study investigated the physiology of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.

Evaluation of standards for sex estimation using measurements obtained from reconstructed computed tomography images of the femur of contemporary Black South Africans.

Dimensions of the pelvic and skull bones are known to be sexually dimorphic in various population groups. The recovery of these bones is potentially beneficial in estimating the sex in forensic cases. Since both bones are not always available for forensic analysis, standards for sex estimation must be established for other bones of the postcranial skeleton.

Three-dimensional MRI follicle segmentation and counting using SegmentWithSAM in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of Follicle numbers measured on ultrasound (US), conventional magnetic resonance imaging (2D MRI), and three-dimensional (3D) MRI in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to compare the diagnostic efficacy of these imaging modalities.

Method: In this prospective study, 58 PCOS patients and 60 healthy women underwent US, conventional 2D MRI, and 3D MRI. Clinical laboratory tests and ovarian volume were compared between PCOS and control groups.

Identifying abdominal aortic aneurysm size and presence using Natural Language Processing of radiology reports: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: Prior investigations of the natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have been constrained by small sample sizes or uneven assessments of aggregated data. Natural language processing (NLP) can significantly enhance the investigation and treatment of patients with AAAs by swiftly and effectively collecting imaging data from health records. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of NLP techniques in reliably identifying the existence or absence of AAAs and measuring the maximal abdominal aortic diameter in extensive datasets of radiology study reports.

Multiparametric MRI-based machine learning system of molecular subgroups and prognosis in medulloblastoma.

Objectives: We aimed to use artificial intelligence to accurately identify molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma (MB), predict clinical outcomes, and incorporate deep learning-based imaging features into the risk stratification.

Methods: The MRI features were extracted for molecular subgroups by a novel multi-parameter convolutional neural network (CNN) called Bi-ResNet-MB. Then, MR features were used to establish a prognosis model based on XGBoost.

A High-Throughput Integrated Nontargeted Metabolomics and Lipidomics Workflow Using Microelution Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid for Comparative Analysis of Human Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Metabolomes.

Sample pretreatment for mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics and lipidomics is normally conducted independently with two sample aliquots and separate matrix cleanup procedures, making the two-step process sample-intensive and time-consuming. Herein, we introduce a high-throughput pretreatment workflow for integrated nontargeted metabolomics and lipidomics leveraging the enhanced matrix removal (EMR)-lipid microelution 96-well plates. The EMR-lipid technique was innovatively employed to effectively separate and isolate non-lipid small metabolites and lipids in sequence using significantly reduced sample amounts and organic solvents.

Few Patients Are Treated for Both Obesity and Depression.

Objectives: Understanding the epidemiology of treatment for patients with co-occurring depression and obesity can inform care quality. The objective of the study was to identify how patients with obesity and newly diagnosed depression are treated and whether treatment is associated with body mass index change.

Methods: This cohort study included adults with obesity and newly diagnosed depression who had ≥2 primary care visits between 2015 and 2020 at a large integrated health system.

ICU-Broncho-Aspiration Protocols Monitoring at an Academic Health Network System.

Objectives: The objectives were to determine intensive care unit (ICU) incidence of broncho-aspiration (BA) and the effect of monitoring BA prevention protocols.

Methods: The Health Network Warehouse was interrogated for the diagnosis of BA in patients older than 18 years in the surgical ICU (SICU) from January 2010 to December 2020. A BA prevention bundle protocol was prospectively monitored during all consecutive SICU admissions from August 2021 to November 2021 until discharge/death (n = 159).