Syntheses and crystal structure of a (2,6-diiso-propyldi-naphtho-[2,1-:1',2'-][1,3]dithiepin-4-yl)(phen-yl)methanol atropisomer.

The racemic title compound, CHOS, comprises an atropisomeric binaphthyl di-thio-acetal substituted at the methyl-ene carbon atom with a chiral benzyl alcohol. The two naphthalene ring systems are additionally substituted at the 3,3'-position with isopropyl groups. The overall stereochemistry is defined as and .

Syntheses and crystal structures of two di-naph-tho[2,1-:1',2'-][1,3]dithiepine atropisomers.

The closely related title compounds, 1-(di-naphtho-[2,1-:1',2'-][1,3]dithiepin-4-yl)-2,2-di-methyl-propan-1-ol, CHOS, and 2-(di-naphtho-[2,1-:1',2'-][1,3]dithiepin-4-yl)-3,3-di-methyl-butan-2-ol, CHOS, , both comprise an atrop-isomeric binaphthyl di-thio-acetal unit substituted at the methyl-ene carbon atom with a chiral neopentyl alcohol grouping. The overall stereochemistry of the racemate in each case is defined as and . In , the hydroxyl group generates inversion dimers pairwise inter-molecular O-H⋯S hydrogen bonds whereas in , the O-H⋯S link is intra-molecular.

Restricted patients in New Zealand: A failed social experiment with a hybrid form of civil/forensic compulsory mental health treatment.

Introduction: In 1992, New Zealand's mental health legislation created the distinct concept of a 'restricted patient' - effectively creating a pathway into forensic patient status, but via the civil committal process, without the patient passing through the criminal justice system en route. This regime was aimed at civilly committed patients who present "special difficulties" because of the danger they pose to others. It remains in force but has attracted little scrutiny.

Caregivers' Understanding of Informed Consent in a Randomized Control Trial.

There are differences in caregivers' literacy and health literacy levels that may affect their ability to consent to children participating in clinical research trials. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness, and caregivers' understandings, of the process of informed consent that accompanied their child's participation in a dental randomized control trial (RCT). Telephone interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of ten caregivers who each had a child participating in the RCT.

A fast-response two-photon fluorescent probe for imaging endogenous HO in living cells and tissues.

As a second messenger, hydrogen peroxide plays significant roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes and is related to various diseases including inflammatory disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Two-photon (TP) fluorescent probes reported for the detection of endogenous HO are rare and most have drawbacks such as slow response and low sensitivity. In this report, we demonstrate a simple HO-specific TP fluorescent probe (TX-HP) containing a two-photon dye 6-hydroxy-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-xanthen-1-one (TX) on the modulation of the ICT process.

Spatial and temporal distribution, environmental drivers and community structure of mosquitoes in the Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand.

Mosquito communities across the globe frequently comprise a mix of native and cosmopolitan species. New Zealand's mosquito communities are no exception. Here we describe the abundance, distribution and phenological patterns for a community of six mosquito taxa resident across the Kaipara Harbour region of northern New Zealand.

Screening criteria: the need to deal with new developments and ethical issues in newborn metabolic screening.

Newborn metabolic screening is the most widespread application of screening technology and provides the most comprehensive application of genetics in health services, where the Guthrie blood spot cards allow screening for metabolic diseases in close to 100 % of all newborn babies. Despite over 40 years of use and significant benefits to well in excess of 100,000 children worldwide, there is remarkably little consensus in what conditions should be screened for and response to new advances in medicine relating to programme expansion. In this article, the international criteria for newborn metabolic screening are considered, and we propose that these criteria are poorly developed in relation to the baby, its family and society as a whole.