An in vivo three-dimensional kinematics study of the cervical vertebrae under physiological loads in patients with cervical spondylosis.

Background Context: Studies of in vivo kinematic differences between healthy individuals and those with cervical spondylosis (CS) have been reported, but only movements under nonphysiological loads have been investigated. Differences in the in vivo, cervical kinematics between healthy individuals and those with CS are unknown.

Purpose: To investigate the in vivo, cervical kinematics of patients with CS under physiological loads.

Health and Well-Being Coaching Adjuvant to GLP-1 Induced Weight Loss.

Glucagon-like peptide agonists (GLP-1) are highly effective anti-obesity medications. However, sustained effectiveness is potentially plagued by lack of adherence to the drug and resumption of pre-weight loss behaviors. Side effects are primarily severe gastrointestinal distress but can occasionally be more serious.

Risk of ADHD in children with childhood absence epilepsy versus controls: A population-based study.

Introduction: Children with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) are deemed to be at higher risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however the magnitude of that risk has not been assessed in a population-based study.

Methods: The Rochester Epidemiology Project database was used to identify children with a new diagnosis of CAE while resident in Olmsted County, MN between 1980-2018. For each case, four age- and sex-matched controls without epilepsy were identified.

Enhanced Brain Myelination and Cognitive Development in Young Children Associated with Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) Intake: A Temporal Cohort Study.

Myelination is a fundamental process of neurodevelopment that facilitates the efficient brain messaging and connectivity that underlies the emergence and refinement of cognitive skills and abilities. Healthy maturation of the myelinated white matter requires appropriate neural activity and coordinated delivery of key nutritional building blocks, including short and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, and sphingolipids. While many of these nutrients are amply supplied by breastmilk, they are often provided in only limited quantities in infant formula milk.

Effortful control is associated with ethnic minority children's pro-wealth biases and explanations across social domains.

Children's tendency to prefer rich to poor people and to view wealthy individuals more positively has been well-documented, but little is known about (a) the mechanisms underlying this "pro-wealth" bias and (b) the extent to which it holds across various social domains (e.g., friendships vs.

Maintenance of subcategorical information during speech perception: revisiting misunderstood limitations.

Accurate word recognition is facilitated by context. Some relevant context, however, occurs after the word. Rational use of such "right context" would require listeners to have maintained or about the word, thus allowing for consideration of possible alternatives when they encounter relevant right context.

The association of physical activity duration and intensity on emotional intelligence in 10-13 year-old Children.

Previous studies have shown that Physical Activity (PA) has a positive association with emotional health and intelligence in adolescents but none have focused on the relationship of PA duration and intensity on Emotional Intelligence (EI). The purpose of this study was to cross-sectionally assess the association of PA measures on overall EI and its domains in a cohort of 2 029 adolescents aged 10-13 years of age in the National Longitudinal Survey for Children and Youth (NLSCY) from Canada. Multivariable linear regression analysis of EI was adjusted for age, sex, annual household income, and health status.

Divergent visual ecology of Drosophila species drives object-tracking strategies matched to landscape sparsity.

Maintaining stable gaze while tracking moving objects is commonplace across animal taxa, yet how diverse ecological needs impact these processes is poorly understood. During flight, the fruit-eating fly Drosophila melanogaster maintains course by making smooth steering adjustments to fixate the image of the distant visual background on the retina, while executing body saccades to investigate nearby objects such as food sources. Cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis live where there is no canopy; rather, the flora forming visual "background" and "objects" are one and the same.

Multiple sclerosis treatment underutilization predicts high risk for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the general population, which suggests MS may predispose patients to OSA. However, the relationships between MS treatment, disease activity, disease severity, fatigue, and OSA are unknown.

Objectives: To evaluate the connections between OSA risk, MS fatigue, and MS severity, controlling for well-established risk factors for OSA in the general population.

Spatiotemporal Forecasting of Opioid-Related Fatal Overdoses: Towards Best Practices for Modeling and Evaluation.

To inform public health interventions, researchers have developed models to forecast opioid-related overdose mortality. These efforts often have limited overlap in the models and datasets employed, presenting challenges to assessing progress in this field. Furthermore, common error-based performance metrics, such as root mean squared error (RMSE), cannot directly assess a key modeling purpose: the identification of priority areas for interventions.

Modeling and Performance Analysis of LBT-Based RF-Powered NR-U Network for IoT.

Energy harvesting combined with spectrum sharing offers a promising solution to the growing demand for spectrum while keeping energy costs low. New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) technology enables telecom operators to utilize unlicensed spectrum in addition to the licensed spectrum already in use. Along with this, the energy demands for the Internet of Things (IoT) can be met through energy harvesting.

Incorporating connectivity among Internet search data for enhanced influenza-like illness tracking.

Big data collected from the Internet possess great potential to reveal the ever-changing trends in society. In particular, accurate infectious disease tracking with Internet data has grown in popularity, providing invaluable information for public health decision makers and the general public. However, much of the complex connectivity among the Internet search data is not effectively addressed among existing disease tracking frameworks.

Microtubule-Stabilizer Epothilone B Delays Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness in Rats.

Volatile anesthetics are currently believed to cause unconsciousness by acting on one or more molecular targets including neural ion channels, receptors, mitochondria, synaptic proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins. Anesthetic gases including isoflurane bind to cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) and dampen their quantum optical effects, potentially contributing to causing unconsciousness. This possibility is supported by the finding that taxane chemotherapy consisting of MT-stabilizing drugs reduces the effectiveness of anesthesia during surgery in human cancer patients.

Females with hip pain walk with altered kinematics at peaks and throughout the gait cycle.

Background: Females with acetabular dysplasia and/or labral tears (hip pain) exhibit altered walking kinematics, with studies reporting mixed results in sagittal and frontal planes compared to pain-free controls, often conducting only discrete analyses and warranting further investigation. The objective of this study was to investigate discrete and continuous hip and pelvic kinematics between females with and without hip pain in two walking conditions.

Methods: We collected kinematic walking data from 69 females (35 with hip pain, 34 controls) using motion capture and an instrumented treadmill in two conditions: preferred and fast (125% preferred).

Polycomb group proteins confer robustness to aposematic coloration in the milkweed bug, .

Aposematic coloration offers an opportunity to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying canalization. In this study, the role of epigenetic regulation underlying robustness was explored in the aposematic coloration of the milkweed bug, () and (), which encode components of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2, respectively, and , which encodes a component of the PRC2.2 subcomplex, were knocked down in the fourth instar of .

What Constitutes Adequate Control of High Blood Pressure? Current Considerations.

An estimated 45% of adult Americans currently have high blood pressure (HBP). Effective blood pressure (BP) control is essential for preventing major adverse events from cardiovascular and other vascular-related diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, stroke and dementia. A large and growing number of medical professional societies, health care organizations, and governmental agencies have now endorsed a clinical practice guideline-based target for adequate control of HBP to a systolic BP of less than 130 mm Hg.

The A53T Mutation in α-Synuclein Enhances Proinflammatory Activation in Human Microglia Upon Inflammatory Stimulus.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, following Alzheimer's. It is characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein into Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in the brain. Microglia-driven neuroinflammation may contribute to neuronal death in PD; however, the exact role of microglia remains unclear and has been understudied.

Learning Fixed Points of Recurrent Neural Networks by Reparameterizing the Network Model.

In computational neuroscience, recurrent neural networks are widely used to model neural activity and learning. In many studies, fixed points of recurrent neural networks are used to model neural responses to static or slowly changing stimuli, such as visual cortical responses to static visual stimuli. These applications raise the question of how to train the weights in a recurrent neural network to minimize a loss function evaluated on fixed points.