Peripheral contributions to resting state brain dynamics.

The correlational structure of brain activity dynamics in the absence of stimuli or behavior is often taken to reveal intrinsic properties of neural function. To test the limits of this assumption, we analyzed peripheral contributions to resting state activity measured by fMRI in unanesthetized, chemically immobilized male rats that emulate human neuroimaging conditions. We find that perturbation of somatosensory input channels modifies correlation strengths that relate somatosensory areas both to one another and to higher-order brain regions, despite the absence of ostensible stimuli or movements.

Characterizing patterns of opioid prescribing after outpatient ventral hernia repair with mesh.

Purpose: Despite efforts to minimize opioid prescribing, outpatient ventral hernia repair (VHR) with mesh remains notoriously painful, often requiring postoperative opioid analgesia. Here, we aim to characterize patterns of opioid prescribing for the heterogenous group of patients and procedures that comprise mesh-based, outpatient VHR.

Methods: The Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative registry was queried for patients undergoing VHR with mesh who were discharged the same or next day between January 2019 to October 2023.

Antifouling Immunomodulatory Copolymer Architectures That Inhibit the Fibrosis of Implants.

Immune reactions to medical implants often lead to encapsulation by fibrotic tissue and impaired device function. This process is thought to initiate by protein adsorption, which enables immune cells to attach and mount an inflammatory response. Previously, several antifibrotic materials have been either designed to reduce protein adsorption or discovered via high-throughput screens (HTS) to favorably regulate inflammation.

Variables in the Projection of Physician Demand and Supply in Primary Care.

Primary care services improve healthcare outcomes and limit unnecessary specialty care. Thus, it is essential to monitor primary care physician demand and supply projections to suggest evidence-based healthcare reforms and promote better healthcare delivery. This study evaluates 28 demand variables, 50 supply variables, and 26 additional variables associated with the demand and supply projections of physicians by reviewing scenarios from other countries, including Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, and the United States of America.

The Behavioral Health Service Corps: An Innovative Model for Workforce Development.

The increased prevalence of behavioral health problems in the US is intensified by the critical shortage of providers in the field. The historical failure of behavioral health specialties to attract BIPOC students and workers limits leadership, access to quality care, and the generalizability of research findings. Most workforce development programs serve only those with earned graduate degrees.

Genomes of nine cultured microbes from two hydrologically connected freshwater sites in Wellesley, MA.

We present the genomes of nine cultured microbes isolated from two freshwater sites in Wellesley, MA. The dataset is useful for exploring genomic diversity among freshwater taxa, including , , , and .

Consensus Recommendations for Studies of Outflow Facility and Intraocular Pressure Regulation Using Ex Vivo Perfusion Approaches.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is the primary risk factor and currently the main treatable factor for progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In addition to direct clinical and living animal in vivo studies, ex vivo perfusion of anterior segments and whole eyes is a key technique for studying conventional outflow function as it is responsible for IOP regulation. We present well-tested experimental details, protocols, considerations, advantages, and limitations of several ex vivo model systems for studying IOP regulation.

Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool-Mixed Breastfeeding and Bottle-feeding: Reference values and factors associated with problematic feeding symptoms in healthy, full-term infants.

Background: The Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool-Mixed Breastfeeding and Bottle-feeding (NeoEAT-Mixed Feeding) is a parent-report assessment of symptoms of problematic feeding in infants who are feeding by both breast and bottle.

Purpose: To establish reference values for the NeoEAT-Mixed Feeding and evaluate factors that contribute to symptoms of problematic feeding in healthy, full-term infants.

Methodology: Parents of 409 infants less than 7 months old completed an online survey.

Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Nanophotosensitizers Composed of Buthionine Sulfoximine-Conjugated Chitosan Oligosaccharide for Enhanced Photodynamic Treatment of Cancer Cells.

The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on traditional photosensitizers is generally limited by the cellular redox homeostasis system due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effect of glutathione (GSH). In this study, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a GSH inhibitor, was conjugated with the amine group of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) using a thioketal linker (COSthBSO) to liberate BSO and chlorine e6 (Ce6) under oxidative stress, and then, Ce6-COSthBSO NP (Ce6-COSthBSO NP), fabricated by a dialysis procedure, showed an accelerated release rate of BSO and Ce6 by the addition of hydrogen peroxide, indicating that nanophotosensitizers have ROS sensitivity. In the in vitro cell culture study using HCT116 colon carcinoma cells, a combination of BSO and Ce6 efficiently suppressed the intracellular GSH and increased ROS production compared to the sole treatment of Ce6.

Ancient genomics support deep divergence between Eastern and Western Mediterranean Indo-European languages.

The Indo-European languages are among the most widely spoken in the world, yet their early diversification remains contentious. It is widely accepted that the spread of this language family across Europe from the 5th millennium BP correlates with the expansion and diversification of steppe-related genetic ancestry from the onset of the Bronze Age. However, multiple steppe-derived populations co-existed in Europe during this period, and it remains unclear how these populations diverged and which provided the demographic channels for the ancestral forms of the Italic, Celtic, Greek, and Armenian languages.

The evolutionary history of the ancient weevil family Belidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) reveals the marks of Gondwana breakup and major floristic turnovers, including the rise of angiosperms.

The rise of angiosperms to ecological dominance and the breakup of Gondwana during the Mesozoic marked major transitions in the evolutionary history of insect-plant interactions. To elucidate how contemporary trophic interactions were influenced by host plant shifts and palaeogeographical events, we integrated molecular data with information from the fossil record to construct a time tree for ancient phytophagous weevils of the beetle family Belidae. Our analyses indicate that crown-group Belidae originated approximately 138 Ma ago in Gondwana, associated with Pinopsida (conifer) host plants, with larvae likely developing in dead/decaying branches.

Formation of a low-mass galaxy from star clusters in a 600-million-year-old Universe.

The most distant galaxies detected were seen when the Universe was a scant 5% of its current age. At these times, progenitors of galaxies such as the Milky Way were about 10,000 times less massive. Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) combined with magnification from gravitational lensing, these low-mass galaxies can not only be detected but also be studied in detail.

Language in job advertisements and the reproduction of labor force gender and racial segregation.

Job advertisements (ads) represent the first point of contact between employers and job seekers. By signaling characteristics expected of an ideal candidate, job ads "gatekeep" the labor force and configure its composition. Meanwhile, labor force composition can also shape the wording of job ads.

Fostamatinib for Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 and Hypoxemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Fostamatinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to improve outcomes of COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, phase 3, placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at 41 US sites and 21 international sites between November 17, 2021, and September 27, 2023; the last follow-up visit was December 31, 2023.

Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the cervical spine following posterior atlantoaxial fusion under physiological loading: An in vivo study.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the three-dimensional cervical motion characteristics in patients who underwent posterior atlantoaxial fusion surgeries using cone beam computed tomography and 3D3D registration technology.

Methods: The study selected 20 patients who underwent posterior atlantoaxial fusion surgery and 20 healthy people as the control group. All subjects underwent cone beam computed tomography scans of the occipital and cervical spine in 7 different functional positions, then 3D3D registration of Occipital-C7 was performed at each functional position to calculate the motion characteristics of each segment.

An in vivo three-dimensional kinematics study of the cervical vertebrae under physiological loads in patients with cervical spondylosis.

Background Context: Studies of in vivo kinematic differences between healthy individuals and those with cervical spondylosis (CS) have been reported, but only movements under nonphysiological loads have been investigated. Differences in the in vivo, cervical kinematics between healthy individuals and those with CS are unknown.

Purpose: To investigate the in vivo, cervical kinematics of patients with CS under physiological loads.

Health and Well-Being Coaching Adjuvant to GLP-1 Induced Weight Loss.

Glucagon-like peptide agonists (GLP-1) are highly effective anti-obesity medications. However, sustained effectiveness is potentially plagued by lack of adherence to the drug and resumption of pre-weight loss behaviors. Side effects are primarily severe gastrointestinal distress but can occasionally be more serious.

Risk of ADHD in children with childhood absence epilepsy versus controls: A population-based study.

Introduction: Children with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) are deemed to be at higher risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however the magnitude of that risk has not been assessed in a population-based study.

Methods: The Rochester Epidemiology Project database was used to identify children with a new diagnosis of CAE while resident in Olmsted County, MN between 1980-2018. For each case, four age- and sex-matched controls without epilepsy were identified.

Enhanced Brain Myelination and Cognitive Development in Young Children Associated with Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) Intake: A Temporal Cohort Study.

Myelination is a fundamental process of neurodevelopment that facilitates the efficient brain messaging and connectivity that underlies the emergence and refinement of cognitive skills and abilities. Healthy maturation of the myelinated white matter requires appropriate neural activity and coordinated delivery of key nutritional building blocks, including short and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, and sphingolipids. While many of these nutrients are amply supplied by breastmilk, they are often provided in only limited quantities in infant formula milk.

Effortful control is associated with ethnic minority children's pro-wealth biases and explanations across social domains.

Children's tendency to prefer rich to poor people and to view wealthy individuals more positively has been well-documented, but little is known about (a) the mechanisms underlying this "pro-wealth" bias and (b) the extent to which it holds across various social domains (e.g., friendships vs.