Prospective association of the infant gut microbiome with social behaviors in the ECHO consortium.

Background: Identifying modifiable risk factors of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may inform interventions to reduce financial burden. The infant/toddler gut microbiome is one such feature that has been associated with social behaviors, but results vary between cohorts. We aimed to identify consistent overall and sex-specific associations between the early-life gut microbiome and autism-related behaviors.

Results of a Team Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in a Patient with Pain.

Purpose: As rates of chronic pain and opioid use disorder continue to rise, improved pain education is essential. Using an interprofessional team objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) simulation, this study evaluates whether prior exposure to a case-based learning module improves students' assessment and treatment planning of a standardized patient prescribed chronic opioids presenting with acute pain.

Methods: A quasi-experimental mixed method approach using convenience sampling was employed to evaluate student performance and the impact of the educational intervention.

Assessment and Management of the High-Risk Dental Patient with Active Substance Use Disorder.

Every dentist cares for patients with a history of substance use disorder (SUD), regardless of a patient's socioeconomic status, education, or ethnicity. SUD is a global epidemic, with approximately 8% of the general US population meeting diagnostic criteria for a SUD and more than 20% of the global population experiencing a SUD. The importance of understanding how to identify substance use, manage patients with a SUD, and offer appropriate referral is essential for all dental professionals.

Biological clocks and incremental growth line formation in dentine.

Dentine- and enamel-forming cells secrete matrix in consistent rhythmic phases, resulting in the formation of successive microscopic growth lines inside tooth crowns and roots. Experimental studies of various mammals have proven that these lines are laid down in subdaily, daily (circadian), and multidaily rhythms, but it is less clear how these rhythms are initiated and maintained. In 2001, researchers reported that lesioning the so-called master biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), halted daily line formation in rat dentine, whereas subdaily lines persisted.

Probing the sRNA regulatory landscape of P. aeruginosa: post-transcriptional control of determinants of pathogenicity and antibiotic susceptibility.

During environmental adaptation bacteria use small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) to repress or activate expression of a large fraction of their proteome. We extended the use of the in vivo RNA proximity ligation method toward probing global sRNA interactions with their targets in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and verified the method with a known regulon controlled by the PrrF1 sRNA. We also identified two sRNAs (Sr0161 and ErsA) that interact with the mRNA encoding the major porin OprD responsible for the uptake of carbapenem antibiotics.

The Impact of Alternative Payment in Chronically Ill and Older Patients in the Patient-centered Medical Home.

Background: Patient-centered medical home (PCMH) has gained prominence as a promising model to encourage improved primary care delivery. There is a paucity of studies that evaluate the impact of payment models in the PCMH.

Objectives: We sought to examine whether coupling coordinated, team-based care transformation plan with a novel reimbursement model affects outcomes related to expenditures and utilization.

Interprofessional Education for the Dentist in Managing Acute and Chronic Pain.

Dental education is at the intersection of affordable health care, opioid-abuse crisis, and collaborative practice benefits. Students must engage in interprofessional education (IPE) for pain management. Graduates must recognize appropriate management of acute dental pain and understand the dentist's role in interprofessional treatment of chronic disease, including management of temporomandibular disorders and orofacial neuropathic pain, chronic pain in general, and the consideration of opioids.

Completely Digital Two-Visit Immediately Loaded Implants: Proof of Concept.

Implant dentistry has become a common treatment alternative, yet only a small percentage of patients missing teeth are receiving its benefits. Significant limitations are the small percent of practitioners placing implants due to the long learning curve, as well as the time commitment on the part of the patient. This proof of concept demonstrates clinical implant treatment requiring years of manual skill development on the part of the surgeon, restorative dentist, and technician can be accomplished in 2 visits, completely digitally, without the need for conventional impressions, laboratory procedures, and advanced manual skills.

Differentiation of salivary bacterial profiles of subjects with periodontitis and dental caries.

Bacterial profiles of saliva in subjects with periodontitis and dental caries have been demonstrated to differ from that of oral health. The aim of this comparative analysis of existing data generated by the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) from 293 stimulated saliva samples was to compare bacterial profiles of saliva in subjects with periodontitis and dental caries.

Subgingival microbial profiles of Sudanese patients with aggressive periodontitis.

Background And Objective: Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is prevalent and shows a rapid course in African individuals. Although a strong focus has been placed on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, new methods support the existence of a complex subgingival microflora in AgP. The purpose of the present study was to map the subgingival microbiota as well as explore the presence of A.

Bacterial profiles of saliva in relation to diet, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status.

Background And Objective: The bacterial profile of saliva is composed of bacteria from different oral surfaces. The objective of this study was to determine whether different diet intake, lifestyle, or socioeconomic status is associated with characteristic bacterial saliva profiles.

Design: Stimulated saliva samples from 292 participants with low levels of dental caries and periodontitis, enrolled in the Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES), were analyzed for the presence of approximately 300 bacterial species by means of the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM).

Association between upper digestive tract microbiota and cancer-predisposing states in the esophagus and stomach.

Background: The human upper digestive tract microbial community (microbiota) is not well characterized and few studies have explored how it relates to human health. We examined the relationship between upper digestive tract microbiota and two cancer-predisposing states, serum pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio (PGI/II; predictor of gastric cancer risk) and esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD; the precursor lesion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; ESCC) in a cross-sectional design.

Methods: The Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray was used to test for the presence of 272 bacterial species in 333 upper digestive tract samples from a Chinese cancer screening cohort.

Correlation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans detection with clinical/immunoinflammatory profile of localized aggressive periodontitis using a 16S rRNA microarray method: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) correlates with the clinical and immunoinflammatory profile of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis (LAP), as determined by by 16S rRNA gene-based microarray.

Subjects And Methods: Subgingival plaque samples from the deepest diseased site of 30 LAP patients [PD ≥ 5 mm, BoP and bone loss] were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based microarrays. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were analyzed for 14 cyto/chemokines.