MRI-assessed Dynamic Hyperinflation Induced by Tachypnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The SPIROMICS-HF Study.

Purpose To assess the repeatability of real-time cine pulmonary MRI measures of metronome-paced tachypnea (MPT)-induced dynamic hyperinflation and its relationship with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. Materials and Methods SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no.

Hospital Safety-Net Burden is Associated with Perioperative Outcomes in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Multistate Retrospective Analysis, 2015-2020.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a widely performed surgical procedure in the United States, but disparities in THA outcomes related to hospital-level factors, such as safety-net burden, are underexplored. This study expands on previous research by analyzing multicenter, multistate data from 2015 to 2020 to investigate the impact of hospital safety-net burden-defined as the proportion of services billed to Medicaid and uninsured patients-on THA outcomes. This study is a retrospective analysis using data from the State Inpatient Databases for Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Washington, New Jersey, and North Carolina.

Bone-Induced Her2 Promotes Secondary Metastasis in HR+/Her2- Breast Cancer.

Bone metastases can disseminate to secondary sites and promote breast cancer progression creating additional clinical challenges. The mechanisms contributing to secondary metastasis are barely understood. Here, we evaluate the prediction power of Her2-expressing (Her2E) circulating tumor cells (CTCs) after analyzing over 13,000 CTCs from a cohort of 137 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with initial HR+/Her2- status and employ preclinical models of bone metastasis (BM) to validate the role of Her2E CTCs in multi-organ metastases.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Durable Left Ventricular Assist Devices.

Background: GLP-1 RAs improve cardiometabolic outcomes in obese, diabetic, and heart failure patients. Data on the safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RA in advanced heart failure with durable LVAD is limited.

Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RA in durable LVAD patients.

Education Research: Making a Tweetorial Fly: Features of Educational Social Media Posts Associated With High Sharing and Engagement.

Background And Objectives: Social media platforms such as X (formerly Twitter) are increasingly used in medical education. Characteristics of tweetorials (threaded teaching posts) associated with higher degrees of engagement are unknown. We sought to understand features of neurology-themed tweetorials associated with high sharing and engagement.

Education Research: Trends of Neurology Clerkships in the United States Amidst a Global Pandemic.

Background And Objectives: To report a 2022 survey of US medical school neurology clerkship directors (CDs) and to compare the results with those of similar surveys conducted in 2005, 2012, and 2017.

Methods: An American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Consortium of Neurology Clerkship Directors (CNCD) workgroup developed the survey sent to all neurology CDs listed in the AAN CNCD database. Comparisons were made with 2005, 2012, and 2017 surveys.

When death is desired: A case of MAiD & the CL psychiatrist.

Objectives: Since physician-assisted dying (PAD) has become a part of the clinical dialogue in the United States (US) and other Western countries, it has spawned controversy in the moral, ethical, and legal realm, with significant cross-country variation. The phenomenon of PAD includes 2 practices: Euthanasia and medical aid in dying (MAiD). Although euthanasia has been allowed in different parts of the world, in the US it is illegal.

En bloc resection of large bladder tumor: is it feasible and reasonable?

Purpose Of Review: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) remains the basis of bladder tumor diagnosis and an effective means of treating nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). There are several limitations to this procedure: TURBT may cause free floating of malignant cells in the bladder and as a result re-implantation and early recurrence. Also, it does not allow the pathologist to define the correct spatial orientation of the specimen.

Evaluation of a mentorship matchmaking event at an academic research institution to reinforce the scientific workforce pathway for underrepresented minority groups.

Background: Mentorship and research experiences are crucial for STEMM career entry and advancement. However, systemic barriers have excluded people from historically underrepresented groups.

Methods: In 2021, a virtual "matchmaking event" was held to connect NIH-funded research mentors with historically underrepresented trainees and initiate mentored research experiences.

Dynamic allostery in the peptide/MHC complex enables TCR neoantigen selectivity.

The inherent antigen cross-reactivity of the T cell receptor (TCR) is balanced by high specificity. Surprisingly, TCR specificity often manifests in ways not easily interpreted from static structures. Here we show that TCR discrimination between an HLA-A*03:01 (HLA-A3)-restricted public neoantigen and its wild-type (WT) counterpart emerges from distinct motions within the HLA-A3 peptide binding groove that vary with the identity of the peptide's first primary anchor.

Improving cefazolin administration for surgical prophylaxis in reported penicillin allergy: A retrospective study of a health system intervention.

Background: Cefazolin is the most common first-line antibiotic to prevent surgical-site infections. Patients with penicillin allergy labels often receive alternative antibiotics, which is associated with increased rates of surgical-site infections, multi-drug-resistant infections, and cost.

Objective: We sought to determine whether a hospital-wide guideline recommending first-line surgical prophylaxis in patients with penicillin allergy labels can increase the use of cefazolin without compromising safety.

Deep Learning-Enabled Integration of Histology and Transcriptomics for Tissue Spatial Profile Analysis.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics enable comprehensive measurement of gene expression at subcellular resolution while preserving the spatial context of the tissue microenvironment. While deep learning has shown promise in analyzing SCST datasets, most efforts have focused on sequence data and spatial localization, with limited emphasis on leveraging rich histopathological insights from staining images. We introduce GIST, a deep learning-enabled gene expression and histology integration for spatial cellular profiling.

Preservation of sexual function with Optilume-a novel treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: The Optilume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) catheter system is a novel minimally invasive paclitaxel-coated dilation system that has demonstrated substantial and durable results in urinary flow and symptoms.

Aim: We now assess the impact of Optilume BPH procedure on sexual function.

Methods: Prior published results have described the methods of data collection during the PINNACLE study, which demonstrated durable improvement in urinary symptoms.

Image-Guided Percutaneous Robotic Interventions for Lung.

Interventional radiology (IR) has aided advances in the diagnosis and treatment of lung pathologies through procedures such as percutaneous biopsy, tumor ablation and drainage of intra-thoracic collections. The success and safety of these interventions largely depend on timely and accurate needle/device placement. Additionally, there is an inherent need to minimize radiation exposure during image-guided procedures.

A multifactorial, evidence-based analysis of pathophysiology in Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS).

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States has been studying a fascinating and unique constellation of neuro-ophthalmic findings collectively known as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS). SANS is unique to the space environment of microgravity and produces novel physiological and pathological findings that have no direct terrestrial equivalent. The neuro-ophthalmic phenomenon is a major physiologic barrier to future planetary spaceflight.

Cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy versus radiotherapy in incidental prostate cancer.

Introduction: To test for cancer specific mortality (CSM) differences after either radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) in incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) patients.

Patients And Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2015), IPCa patients were identified. Cumulative incidence plots as well as competing risks regression (CRR) models were fitted to address CSM after adjustment for other-cause mortality (OCM).

The (dys)regulation of energy storage in obesity.

Metabolic energy stored mainly as adipose tissue is homeostatically regulated. There is strong evidence that human body weight () is physiologically regulated, i.e.

Nucleic acid recognition during prokaryotic immunity.

Parasitic elements often spread to hosts through the delivery of their nucleic acids to the recipient. This is particularly true for the primary parasites of bacteria, bacteriophages (phages) and plasmids. Although bacterial immune systems can sense a diverse set of infection signals, such as a protein unique to the invader or the disruption of natural host processes, phage and plasmid nucleic acids represent some of the most common molecules that are recognized as foreign to initiate defense.

Metabolically Stable Adenylation Inhibitors of Biotin Protein Ligase as Antibacterial Agents.

The antibacterial agent Bio-AMS is metabolized in vivo through hydrolysis of the central acyl-sulfamide linker leading to high clearance and release of a moderately cytotoxic metabolite . Herein, we disclose analogues designed to prevent the metabolism of the central acyl-sulfamide moiety through steric hindrance or attenuation of the acyl-sulfamide electrophilicity. was identified as a metabolically stable analogue with a single-digit nanomolar dissociation constant for biotin protein ligase (BPL) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against and ranging from 0.

NET Models Meeting 2024 white paper: the current state of neuroendocrine tumour research models and our future aspirations.

Current models for the study of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are severely limited. While (e.g.

Seizure network characterization by functional connectivity mapping and manipulation.

Significance: Despite the availability of various anti-seizure medications, nearly 1/3 of epilepsy patients experience drug-resistant seizures. These patients are left with invasive surgical options that do not guarantee seizure remission. The development of novel treatment options depends on elucidating the complex biology of seizures and brain networks.

Centering historically minoritized populations to design effective messages about an evidence-based policy to advance social equity.

Researchers have raised concerns that messages describing racial disparities in social outcomes can reduce or polarize support for public policies to address inequality. We questioned this assumption by testing the impact of carefully crafted messages about child tax credit (CTC) expansion. We conducted two randomized message trials, study 1 using Prolific's nonprobability panel ( = 1,402) and study 2 using SSRS's Opinion Panel, a web-based probability sample of US adults ( = 4,483).

Neonatal inflammation and near-term white matter microstructure in infants born very preterm.

Background: Severe neonatal inflammatory conditions in very preterm infants (VPT: <32 weeks gestational age, GA) are linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Differences in white matter (WM) microstructure of the corpus callosum (CC) have been observed at age 6 in VPT children with a history of severe neonatal inflammation. The goal of this study was to determine whether these CC differences can be detected at term-equivalent age using diffusion MRI (dMRI), and whether neonatal inflammation is associated with altered WM in additional tracts implicated in the encephalopathy of prematurity.

Brain-wide neuronal circuit connectome of human glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) infiltrates the brain and can be synaptically innervated by neurons, which drives tumor progression. Synaptic inputs onto GBM cells identified so far are largely short-range and glutamatergic. The extent of GBM integration into the brain-wide neuronal circuitry remains unclear.

Tofersen for SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Tofersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, has recently received FDA and EMA approval for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in adults with SOD1 gene mutations. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence on tofersen's safety and efficacy in patients with SOD1-related ALS.

Methods: A comprehensive search of three databases was conducted from inception through October 2024.