[Associations between fall injury rates and instrumentation, equipment, and use among community-dwelling older adults: Computation using emergency medical service records].

Objective　This study aimed to examine the instrumentation, equipment, and use associated with falls among community-dwelling older adults, assess the injury rates by instrumentation, equipment, and use according to the characteristics of individuals with injuries, and identify the instrumentation, equipment, and use that cause severe injury.Methods　We analyzed individuals aged ≥ 65 years who experienced falls on their property and required emergency medical transport to a hospital in 2019. The fire departments in Saitama Prefecture provided relevant emergency records.

Reducing the incidence of overweight and obesity by a healthy lifestyle intervention program for schoolchildren in Hanoi, Vietnam: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The increasing incidence and prevalence of childhood overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) are major global health challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 2-year healthy lifestyle intervention program in reducing the incidence of OW and OB among schoolchildren aged 11-12 years in Vietnam.

Methods: Study design: Randomized controlled trial.

Machine learning trial to detect sex differences in simple sticker arts of 1606 preschool children.

Background: Previous studies suggested that drawings made by preschool boys and girls show distinguishable differences. However, children's drawings on their own are too complexly determined and inherently ambiguous to be a reliable indicator. In the present study, we attempted to develop a machine learning algorithm for classification of sex of the subjects using children's artworks.

Oxytocin-induced increases in cytokines and clinical effect on the core social features of autism: Analyses of RCT datasets.

Although oxytocin may provide a novel therapeutics for the core features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previous results regarding the efficacy of repeated or higher dose oxytocin are controversial, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study is aimed to clarify whether repeated oxytocin alter plasma cytokine levels in relation to clinical changes of autism social core feature. Here we analyzed cytokine concentrations using comprehensive proteomics of plasmas of 207 adult males with high-functioning ASD collected from two independent multi-center large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs): Testing effects of 4-week intranasal administrations of TTA-121 (A novel oxytocin spray with enhanced bioavailability: 3U, 6U, 10U, or 20U/day) and placebo in the crossover discovery RCT; 48U/day Syntocinon or placebo in the parallel-group verification RCT.

Mixed-methods research of motivational processes in workers' adoption of healthy behavior.

Background: In occupational health, the maintenance and promotion of workers' health, especially lifestyle motivation-based interventions, have gained considerable attention and are actively implemented. Motivational theories include self-determination theory, and some studies focus on healthy lifestyles. However, the effectiveness of health promotion interventions varies depending on the health awareness and motivation of the participants.

[Evaluation of the relationship between household economic situation and food group intake in children attending nursery school].

Objectives　The relationship between household income and dietary intake among older children and adults in Japan has been studied. However, few studies have examined the relationship in younger children, and we believe that this should be taken into consideration from early childhood to correct health disparities. In this study, we examined the relationship between family income and dietary food group intake, and investigated the adequacy of food intake based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top for young children aged 3 to 6 years attending nursery school.

How staying in a gymnasium affects sleep and bed climate in children.

Background: We investigated the relationship between sleep, ambient climate, and bed climate in school-aged children during a one-night stay in a simulated shelter in a gymnasium to demonstrate the effect of ambient climate, and bed climate on sleep.

Methods: We obtained measurements during a one-night stay in a school gymnasium (C), days before C (BC), on the day after (A1), and on the second day after C (A2) in 13 healthy school-aged children during summer. Sleep was evaluated using an actigraph, and the temperature and humidity of the bedrooms in the participants' homes and in the gymnasium were monitored for 3 days before and after C.

Blood biomarkers for estimating energy intake in Japanese male collegiate athletes: a pilot study.

Background: Athletes should be informed of their required energy intake in preparation for sports competitions. However, the environment in which dietary surveys can be conducted to determine the required energy intake for sports competitions is limited, and such survey will require a substantial amount of time and effort from athletes and dietitians. If certain biomarkers for estimating the energy intake can be identified, they may compensate for the shortcomings of these dietary surveys.

Prevention of fetal brain injury in category II tracings.

Introduction: With category II fetal heart rate tracings, the preferred timing of interventions to prevent fetal hypoxic brain damage while limiting operative interventions remains unclear. We aimed to estimate fetal extracellular base deficit (BD ) during labor with category II tracings to quantify the timing of potential interventions to prevent severe fetal metabolic acidemia.

Material And Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted using the database of the Recurrence Prevention Committee, Japan Obstetric Compensation System for Cerebral Palsy, including infants with severe cerebral palsy born at ≥34 weeks' gestation between 2009 and 2014.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiabetic Effects of Acidic Polysaccharides Extracted from Seaweeds.

We evaluated the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of acidic polysaccharides (APs) extracted from seaweeds in vitro and their antidiabetic effects in KK-A mice. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of APs was differed among various seaweed species. Some APs showed higher inhibitory activity in the high-molecular-weight range, whereas others showed higher inhibitory activity in the low-molecular-weight range.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in adulthood PTSD and childhood maltreatment history.

Accumulated evidence shows that psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Besides the HPA axis hormones, recent evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system and genetic factors may be involved in trauma/PTSD as well as in HPA axis regulation. This study attempted to better understand the HPA axis function in relation to PTSD and childhood maltreatment by simultaneously examining RAA system and genetic polymorphisms of candidate genes.

Sleep Habits in Pairs of Japanese High School Students and Their Mothers in Summer and Autumn.

This study aimed to examine the sleep habits in pairs of Japanese high school students and their mothers in the summer and autumn. Nineteen pairs of high school students and their mothers participated in this study. Wrist actigraphy, subjective sleep evaluations, and bedroom environmental measurements (temperature, humidity, and light) were performed for a duration of one week.

Corrigendum to "Growth standard charts for Japanese children with mean and standard deviation (SD) values based on the year 2000 national survey".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1297/cpe.25.

Visceral Fat Area Measured by Abdominal Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in School-Aged Japanese Children.

Abdominal bioelectrical impedance analysis (aBIA) has been in use to measure visceral fat area (VFA) in adults. Accurately measuring visceral fat using aBIA in children is challenging. Forty-six school-aged Japanese children aged 6-17 years (25 boys and 21 girls) were included in this study.

, , , and Polymorphisms Associated with Coenzyme Q Availability Affect the Subjective Quality of Life Score (SF-36) after Long-Term CoQ Supplementation in Women.

The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3808607, rs2072183, rs2032582, and rs1761667 are associated with coenzyme Q (CoQ) bioavailability in women after long-term CoQ supplementation. However, the beneficial aspects of the association between these SNPs and CoQ supplementation remain unknown. We investigated their relationship using the subjective quality of life score SF-36 by reanalyzing previous data from 92 study participants who were receiving ubiquinol (a reduced form of CoQ) supplementation for 1 year.

Transdiagnostic and sex differences in cognitive profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

An increasing number of studies have shown that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share symptoms and aetiologies. However, transdiagnostic comparisons between ASD and ADHD is complicated due to the sex differences within each condition. To clarify the similarities and differences in the cognitive functioning between ASD and ADHD, while considering potential sex differences, this study compared cognitive profiles assessed by the WAIS-III between the four groups created by orthogonally combining diagnosis and sex based on the data from 277 ASD males, 86 ASD females, 99 ADHD males and 64 ADHD females.

Synthesis of 4,4-Disubstituted 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and -thiones, the Corresponding Products of Biginelli Reaction Using Ketone, and Their Antiproliferative Effect on HL-60 Cells.

An efficient synthetic method for novel 4,4-disubstituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones 5 and -thiones 6 was developed. The cyclocondensation reaction of O-methylisourea hemisulfate salt 11 with 8 gives a tautomeric mixture of dihydropyrimidines 12 and 13 following acidic hydrolysis of the cyclized products to produce 5 in high yields. Thionation reaction of 5 at the 2-position smoothly proceeds to give 2-thioxo derivatives 6.

Training types associated with knowledge and experience in public health workers.

Background: Training non-specialist workers in mental healthcare improves knowledge, attitude, confidence, and recognition of mental illnesses. However, still little information is available on which type of mental health training is important in the improvement of these capacities.

Methods: We studied web-based survey data of 495 public health workers to examine training types associated with knowledge and experience in supporting individuals with mental illness.

Effect of a novel nasal oxytocin spray with enhanced bioavailability on autism: a randomized trial.

Although intranasal oxytocin is expected to be a novel therapy for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, which has currently no approved medication, the efficacy of repeated administrations was inconsistent, suggesting that the optimal dose for a single administration of oxytocin is not optimal for repeated administration. The current double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03466671) was aimed to test the effect of TTA-121, a new formulation of intranasal oxytocin spray with an enhanced bioavailability (3.

Anti-Obesity Effects of Matoa () Fruit Peel Powder in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats.

Fruit peels, pericarps, or rinds are rich in phenolic/polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties and potentially beneficial effects against obesity and obesity-related non-communicable diseases. This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of matoa () and salak () fruit peel. Neither matoa peel powder (MPP) nor salak peel powder (SPP) affected the body weight, visceral fat weight, or serum glucose or lipid levels of Sprague-Dawley rats when included as 1% (/) of a high-fat diet (HFD).

Preliminary examination of reliability and validity of the Japanese child anxiety impact scale-parent version in Japanese community sample.

The child anxiety impact scale-parent version (CAIS-P) is a useful measure to assess the impact of anxiety on a child's daily life; however, a Japanese version of the CAIS-P has not been developed, and whether the CAIS-P can be utilized in Eastern countries remains unascertained. The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the CAIS-P and examine its reliability and validity. Parents of 400 children (aged 7 to 15 years) from the Japanese community completed the CAIS-P.

Cross-sectional assessment of sleep and fatigue in middle-aged Japanese women with primary Sjogren syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis using self-reports and wrist actigraphy.

To investigate fatigue, health-related quality of life (HR-QOL), and sleep quality in women with primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared with healthy controls using self-reports and wrist actigraphy.In this cross-sectional observational study, we evaluated a total of 25 patients (aged 40-75 years) with pSS, 10 with RA, and 17 healthy control subjects living in Japan. The HR-QOL was assessed using the Short Form-36.

Automatic Classification of Adult Males With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder by Non-contact Measurement of Autonomic Nervous System Activation.

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit atypicality in various domains of behavior. Previous psychophysiological studies have revealed an atypical pattern of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation induced by psychosocial stimulation. Thus, it might be feasible to develop a novel assessment tool to evaluate the risk of ASD by measuring ANS activation in response to emotional stimulation.