Cold ischemia time and formalin fixation time in endometrial cancer: Should breast cancer guidelines for preanalytical variables be applied to hysterectomy specimens?

Objectives: The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) recommend cold ischemia time (cIT) be <60 min, and formalin fixation time (FFT) 6-72 h, to optimize immunohistochemistry (IHC) based on breast cancer data. We assessed whether cIT and FFT impact IHC in endometrial cancer (EC), and determined which factors affect cIT and FFT.

Methods: Surgical EC cases from 2019 to 2023 were reviewed.

Reversal of Pharmacologically Induced Mydriasis with Phentolamine Ophthalmic Solution.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 0.75% phentolamine ophthalmic solution (POS), an α-adrenergic antagonist, in reversal of pharmacologically induced mydriasis.

Design: Two phase 3, multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-masked clinical trials in healthy participants.

Diagnosing Disorders of Hypopigmentation and Depigmentation in Patients with Skin of Color.

Skin hypopigmentation and depigmentation disorders are a top concern for patients with skin of color seeking care from a dermatologist. The visual contrast between involved and uninvolved skin in these disorders makes them particularly burdensome for patients with skin of color. These disorders may have a wide differential of diagnosis, as patients with skin of color may present differently or more frequently than White patients for certain conditions.

Clinical Outcomes of Zinc Supplementation Among COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Zinc supplementation is frequently prescribed during the treatment of COVID-19. However, the evidence supporting the efficacy of this intervention is mixed.

Objective: Establish the clinical utility of zinc supplementation to alter disease severity in COVID- 19 illness.

Rapid resistance development to three antistaphylococcal therapies in antibiotic-tolerant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Understating how antibiotic tolerance impacts subsequent resistance development in the clinical setting is important to identifying effective therapeutic interventions and prevention measures. This study describes a patient case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia which rapidly developed resistance to three primary MRSA therapies and identifies genetic and metabolic changes selected in vivo that are associated with rapid resistance evolution. Index blood cultures displayed susceptibility to all (non-beta-lactam) antibiotics with the exception of trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole.

Minimizing re-excision after breast conserving surgery - a review of radiofrequency spectroscopy for real-time, intraoperative margin assessment.

Introduction: For early-stage breast cancer, breast-conserving surgery (BCS) plus radiation is standard-of-care. Nationwide, >20% of BCS patients require re-excision for positive margins, resulting in delayed adjuvant therapy, increased complications, emotional and financial stress for patients, and additional cost to the healthcare system. Although several methods may be employed to mitigate positive margins, no technique can fully address the need.

Prognostic Utility of Risk Enhancers and Coronary Artery Calcium Score Recommended in the 2018 ACC/AHA Multisociety Cholesterol Treatment Guidelines Over the Pooled Cohort Equation: Insights From 3 Large Prospective Cohorts.

Background Limited data exist on the incremental value of the risk enhancers recommended in the 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (ACC/AHA) cholesterol treatment guidelines in addition to the pooled cohort equation. Methods and Results Using pooled individual-level data from 3 epidemiological cohorts involving 22 942 participants (56% women, mean age 59 years), we evaluated the predictive ability of the risk enhancers and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and determined their incremental utility using the C statistic, net reclassification index, and integrated discrimination index. A total of 1960 (8.

Distinct Effectiveness of Oritavancin against Tolerance-Induced .

Within a sufficiently large bacterial population, some members will naturally adopt an alternate, metabolically-active state that favors small molecule synthesis over cell division. These isogenic "tolerant" subpopulations have variable responses during antibiotic exposure and can remain viable in the presence of typically bactericidal concentrations. In this study, we determine the ability of typical and atypical antistaphylococcal therapies to reduce the viability of mupirocin-induced tolerant bacteria.

Antibiotics and Innate Immunity: A Cooperative Effort Toward the Successful Treatment of Infections.

Despite the common ancestry of antimicrobial and immunological science, a divergence driven by artificially construed paradigms in microbiology has placed limits on how we understand the mechanisms of antibiotics in vivo. We summarize recent updates on data that shed light on how antibiotics interact with components of innate immunity.

Changes in microRNA expression associated with metastasis and survival in patients with uveal melanoma.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a major intraocular cancer that is molecularly distinct from cutaneous melanoma. Approximately half of patients with UM eventually develop metastasis. The prognosis of metastatic UM is poor, with a median overall survival (OS) of less than a year.

Distinct Subpopulations of Intravalvular Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Variable Susceptibility to Daptomycin in Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis.

We present a case of endocarditis wherein organisms cultured from different valve leaflets yielded different daptomycin susceptibilities from each other and from organisms obtained from peripheral blood culture. Genomic analyses showed mutations in , and Pharmacokinetic simulations showed consistent activity of daptomycin plus beta-lactam against all subpopulations. This represents an opportunity to understand evolution and fitness on daptomycin therapy and the role of beta-lactams to prevent the selection of daptomycin-resistant subpopulations.

Reduced Production of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles Predicts Mortality in ST45/USA600 Methicillin-Resistant Bacteremia.

Immune biomarkers can stratify mortality risk in staphylococcal bacteremia. Microbial biomarkers may provide more consistent signals during early infection. We demonstrate that in ST45/USA600 bacteremia, bacterial membrane vesicle production in vitro predicts clinical mortality (773 vs.

Whole genome sequence analysis links chromothripsis to EGFR, MDM2, MDM4, and CDK4 amplification in glioblastoma.

Background: Findings based on recent advances in next-generation sequence analysis suggest that, in some tumors, a single catastrophic event, termed chromothripsis, results in several simultaneous tumorigenic alterations. Previous studies have suggested that glioblastoma (GBM) may exhibit chromothripsis at a higher rate (39%) than other tumors (9%). Primary glioblastoma is an aggressive form of brain cancer that typically appears suddenly in older adults.

Combination therapy with insulin-like growth factor-1 and hypothermia synergistically improves outcome after transient global brain ischemia in the rat.

Objectives: Hypothermia has a well-established neuroprotective effect and offers a foundation for combination therapy for brain ischemia. The authors evaluated the effect of combination therapy with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and hypothermia on brain structure and function in the setting of global brain ischemia and reperfusion in rats.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to groups by a registrar.

Upper airway disorders and asthma: a syndrome of airway inflammation.

Objective: This article presents recent evidence of an upper and lower airway link. After reading this article, readers should have an understanding of the evidence for the pathologic relationship between asthma and upper airway disorders such as rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis.

Data Sources: Epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and treatment outcomes studies were used.

Anthracycline-induced cardiac injury using a cardiac cell line: potential for gene therapy studies.

Anthracyclines are effective antitumor agents whose chief limitation has been cardiotoxicity directly related to free radical production. Therefore, strategies designed to selectively overexpress antioxidant proteins in the heart could protect against drug-induced toxicity and allow higher doses of chemotherapy. However, to date an adequate cardiac model system that is susceptible to anthracycline injury and can express foreign genes in a controlled fashion has been lacking.

Muscle-specific transcription factors in fibroblasts expressing the alpha-striated tropomyosin 3' untranslated region.

The alpha-striated tropomyosin 3' untranslated region (TM UTR) promotes differentiation of fibroblasts into cells resembling skeletal muscle. To investigate the mechanism of this observation, RNA harvested from transfected primary fibroblasts was used for semiquantitative RT-PCR with primers specific for muscle transcription factors, showing that myoD and myogenin transcripts are detected in these cells, but that differentiation after TM UTR expression is independent of a detectable increase in these transcripts. Double immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to myoD family members and to titin confirms that muscle differentiation in TM UTR-transfected fibroblasts is independent of production of any transcription factor in this family.

Evaluation of prognostic factors in endoscopic sinus surgery.

A retrospective analysis of 115 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis was conducted to evaluate the effect on outcome of variables including previous sinus surgery, allergy, asthma, and computed tomography stage of disease. Outcome was assessed in each patient by a survey in which the patient rated the benefit of surgery in terms of percent improvement in different symptoms compared with symptoms before surgery. Outcome was also assessed by the need for revision surgery and the presence of endoscopic criteria for failure.

Recombinant rat and hamster N-acetyltransferases-1 and -2: relative rates of N-acetylation of arylamines and N,O-acyltransfer with arylhydroxamic acids.

Genes for the 290 amino acid, 33-34 kDa cytosolic acetyltransferases (NAT1* and NAT2*) from rat and hamster were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Active clones were selected by a simple visual test for their ability to decolorize 4-aminoazobenzene in bacterial medium by acetylation. These recombinant acetyltransferases were analyzed for: (i) N-acetyltransferase, which was assayed by the rate of acetyl coenzyme A-dependent N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) or 4-aminoazobenzene (AAB); (ii) arylhydroxamic acid acyltransferase, assayed by N,O-acyltransfer with N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene.

Origins of intraaortic balloon pumping.

In 1968, the Journal of the American Medical Association published a paper on the "Initial clinical experience with intraaortic balloon pumping in cardiogenic shock," which gave the results of the first clinical use of the procedure developed in our laboratory. For more than 2 years, our group was the only one using intraaortic balloon pumping clinically. Later, intraaortic balloon pumping was used by others, and despite poor clinical salvage, the hemodynamic benefit was demonstrated convincingly.

Preoperative planning for the treatment of nonunions and the correction of malunions of the long bones.

A detailed analysis of the steps of preoperative planning as employed in our clinic has been presented. We have found these techniques to be of great value in anticipating the requirements that must be fulfilled to correct malalignments and obtain healing when the malalignments occur alone or are associated with nonunion. Besides helping one to decide where a malalignment is best corrected to anatomically match the normal extremity, tracings aid in allowing the surgeon to appreciate the kinetics of the operative procedure, as well as to define the best methods of stabilizing the resulting correction.