Environmental Variation Influences Genome Evolution in Hispaniolan Trunk Anoles (Anolis distichus).

Environmental variation often drives evolutionary processes like population differentiation, local adaptation and speciation. We used genome-scale data to investigate the contribution of environmental variation to evolution of the North Caribbean bark anole (Anolis distichus), a widespread common lizard that exhibits impressive phenotypic variation across varying habitats on the island of Hispaniola. We obtained new double-digest restriction-associated DNA sequence data (ddRADseq) from nearly 200 individuals and used 53 GIS data layers representing a range of environmental variables.

Crosstalk between non-coding RNAs and programmed cell death in colorectal cancer: implications for targeted therapy.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its progression is influenced by complex interactions involving genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been identified as key regulators of gene expression, affecting diverse biological processes, notably programmed cell death (PCD).

Engineered biomimetic cisplatin-polyphenol nanocomplex for chemo-immunotherapy of glioblastoma by inducing pyroptosis.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by pronounced immune escape and resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Preliminary investigations revealed a marked overexpression of gasdermin E (GSDME) in GBM. Notably, cisplatin (CDDP) demonstrated a capacity of inducing pyroptosis by activating caspase-3 to cleave GSDME, coupled with the release of proinflammatory factors, indicating the potential as a viable approach of inducing anti-tumor immune activation.

ROAR-CAT: Rapid Online Assessment of Reading ability with Computerized Adaptive Testing.

The Rapid Online Assessment of Reading (ROAR) is a web-based lexical decision task that measures single-word reading abilities in children and adults without a proctor. Here we study whether item response theory (IRT) and computerized adaptive testing (CAT) can be used to create a more efficient online measure of word recognition. To construct an item bank, we first analyzed data taken from four groups of students (N = 1960) who differed in age, socioeconomic status, and language-based learning disabilities.

Role of Endoluminal Functional Lumen Imaging Probe in Bariatric Surgery and Bariatric Endoscopy.

Obesity is associated with significant morbidity, with an estimated prevalence of 42.4% in the USA. Treatment of severe obesity often involves Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Onsite Primary Care to Address Medical Needs Among Permanent Supportive Housing Tenants: A Feasibility Demonstration Project.

Background: There is limited evidence on interventions to address the health needs of vulnerable patients in permanent supportive housing (PSH).

Aim, Setting, Participants: Evaluate the feasibility of Project HOPE, a weekly onsite primary care pilot intervention for tenants of a single-site PSH program.

Program Description: Physicians, nursing, and pharmacy providers work with existing case managers to provide onsite routine and acute care, outreach, and care coordination.

Randomized clinical trial of a digital integrative medicine intervention among patients undergoing active cancer treatment.

Exercise and mindfulness-based interventions have growing evidence for managing fatigue and comorbid symptoms; however, packaging them in a cohesive digital way for patients undergoing cancer treatment has not been evaluated. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a 12 week digital integrative medicine program, Integrative Medicine at Home (IM@Home), versus enhanced usual care on fatigue severity (primary outcome), comorbid symptoms and acute healthcare utilization (secondary outcomes), in 200 patients with solid tumors experiencing fatigue during treatment. Fatigue severity decreased more in IM@Home than in the control (1.

Targeted dual biologic therapy for erythroderma of unknown etiology guided by high-parameter peripheral blood immunophenotyping.

Erythroderma is a severe and heterogeneous inflammatory skin condition with little guidance on the approach to management in cases of unknown etiology. To guide therapeutic selection, we sought to create an immunophenotyping platform able to identify aberrant cell populations and cytokines in subtypes of erythroderma. We performed high-parameter flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whole blood of a patient with refractory idiopathic erythroderma, erythrodermic patients with Sézary syndrome and pityriasis rubra pilaris, and healthy controls.

Common and specific gene regulatory programs in zebrafish caudal fin regeneration at single-cell resolution.

Following amputation, zebrafish regenerate their injured caudal fin through lineage-restricted reprogramming. Although previous studies have charted various genetic and epigenetic dimensions of this process, the intricate gene regulatory programs shared by, or unique to, different regenerating cell types remain underinvestigated. Here, we mapped the regulatory landscape of fin regeneration by applying paired snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq on uninjured and regenerating fins.

Genomic and phenotypic correlates of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in blood.

Mosaic loss of Y (mLOY) is the most common somatic chromosomal alteration detected in human blood. The presence of mLOY is associated with altered blood cell counts and increased risk of Alzheimer disease, solid tumors, and other age-related diseases. We sought to gain a better understanding of genetic drivers and associated phenotypes of mLOY through analyses of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a large set of genetically diverse males from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program.

Progressive Loss of Cerebral Structures in ALG11-Related Congenital Disorder Glycosylation.

Background: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of metabolic disorders related to dysfunctional glycoprotein and glycolipid biosynthesis. ALG11-related CDG is a rare member of this group, characterized by severe neurodevelopmental impairment, progressive microcephaly, sensorineural hearing loss, and epilepsy. The objective of this report is to provide an update on the phenotype and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at age seven years for a patient initially described in early infancy with fetal brain disruption sequence.

Reaccreditation and Pathways Recognition Experiences of Small Local and Tribal Health Departments.

Context: This paper describes experiences and views of leadership teams from 4 small local health departments (LHDs) seeking Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) reaccreditation or Pathways Recognition using PHAB Standards & Measures Version 2022. The Pathways program launched in 2022 provides additional supports for improvement of public health practice.

Objective: Given the need to accelerate accreditation among small health departments, the purpose of this study is to share small health departments' strategies for overcoming accreditation challenges and actionable advice for use by other health departments.

Public Health Accreditation Board Accreditation and Pathways Recognition Among Small Health Departments: Motivation, Communication, and Celebration.

This paper explores how small local health departments (LHDs) motivated staff members, communicated progress toward Public Health Accreditation Board accreditation or Pathways Recognition, and celebrated interim and final accreditation accomplishments. Qualitative key informant interviews were conducted with 22 employees and affiliates of 4 LHDs with jurisdiction populations <50 000. LHDs motivated staff through ownership, creative strategies to monitor and record progress, and meaningful no- or low-cost incentives.

Acceptability of a dapivirine levonorgestrel vaginal ring in two Phase 1 trials (MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019): Implications for multipurpose prevention technology development.

End-user feedback early in product development is important for optimizing multipurpose prevention technologies for HIV and pregnancy prevention. We evaluated the acceptability of the 90-day dapivirine levonorgestrel ring (DPV-LNG ring) used for 14 days compared to a dapivirine-only ring (DVR-200mg) in MTN-030/IPM 041 (n = 23), and when used for 90 days cyclically or continuously in MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 (n = 25). We enrolled healthy, non-pregnant, HIV-negative women aged 18-45 in Pittsburgh, PA and Birmingham, AL (MTN-030 only).

Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Importance: Osteoporotic fractures are associated with psychological distress, subsequent fractures, loss of independence, reduced ability to perform activities of daily living, and death.

Objective: The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures in adults 40 years or older with no known diagnosis of osteoporosis or history of fragility fracture.

Population: Adults 40 years or older without known osteoporosis or history of fragility fractures.

Epigenetics in the modern era of crop improvements.

Epigenetic mechanisms are integral to plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Over the past two decades, our comprehension of these complex regulatory processes has expanded remarkably, producing a substantial body of knowledge on both locus-specific mechanisms and genome-wide regulatory patterns. Studies initially grounded in the model plant Arabidopsis have been broadened to encompass a diverse array of crop species, revealing the multifaceted roles of epigenetics in physiological and agronomic traits.

A Hospital Resource for Nurses Navigating Doctoral Education and Beyond.

Advancing nursing practice to improve care and system outcomes requires doctoral-prepared nurses to conduct programs of research and translate science to practice. The authors describe a Doctoral support group (DSG) at one hospital designed to support nurses considering and navigating doctoral education while continuing as hospital employees. Strategies from 18 years' experience are provided for others to develop and sustain a DSG as part of an environment to support and retain nurses with doctoral degrees.

Evaluation of two MALDI-TOF MS systems and extraction methods for identification of filamentous fungi recovered from clinical specimens.

Unlabelled: Rapid and accurate identification of cultured molds is important to determine clinical significance and therapeutic decision-making. Conventional mold identification uses phenotypic macroscopic and microscopic characterization; however, this can take days or weeks for colony maturity and definitive microscopic structure formation, be limited to genus-level identification, and be misidentified due to morphologic mimics or similarities between closely related species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) revolutionized bacterial and yeast identification but remains uncommon for molds in part because of limited reference libraries.

Impact of a 7-Gene Predictive Biosignature on Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Recommendations in Patients Undergoing Breast-Conserving Surgery for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ.

Background: Breast conservation therapy for patients with DCIS includes breast conserving surgery (BCS) with post-operative radiotherapy (RT). Because RT does not impact overall survival, identifying women who do not benefit from RT would allow de-escalation of therapy. We evaluated the impact of a novel 7-gene DCIS biosignature on adjuvant radiation recommendations for patients undergoing BCS for DCIS.

Optimizing Exposure Measures in Large-Scale Household Air Pollution Studies: Results from the Multicountry HAPIN Trial.

Repeated measurements of household air pollution may provide better estimates of average exposure but can add to costs and participant burden. In a randomized trial of gas versus biomass cookstoves in four countries, we took supplemental personal 24-h measurements on a 10% subsample for mothers and infants, interspersed between protocol samples. Mothers had up to five postrandomization protocol measurements over 16 months, while infants had three measurements over one year.

Clinical criteria for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy.

Limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is highly prevalent in late life and a common co-pathology with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). LATE-NC is a slowly progressive, amnestic clinical syndrome. Alternatively, when present with ADNC, LATE-NC is associated with a more rapid course.

Decoding brain structure to stage Alzheimer's disease pathology in Down syndrome.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Down syndrome (DS) is associated with changes in brain structure. It is unknown if thickness and volumetric changes can identify AD stages and if they are similar to other genetic forms of AD.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected for 178 DS adults (106 nonclinical, 45 preclinical, and 27 symptomatic).