Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: This study uses the data collected from the "Partnership in Implementation Science for Geriatric Mental Health (PRISM)" project, a randomized trial designed to test implementation support strategies for the delivery of the Reducing Disability in Alzheimer's Disease (RDAD) program, an evidence-based multi-component exercise and behavioral/psychosocial intervention for older adults with dementia and their family caregivers in Thailand.

Method: A total of 353 dyads of persons with dementia (PwD) and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and their family caregivers received a 12-week RDAD intervention and were assessed at baseline, and at 3- and 6-months post-treatment. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using paired-sample t-tests to estimate the changes in each of the outcomes by treatment groups.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: A large body of research supports the benefits of older adults engaging in physical activity outdoors. However, a paucity of research explores factors associated with the frequency of older adults going outdoors. The aim of this study was to explore how factors including cognition, neighborhood characteristics, and physical ability were associated with community-dwelling older adults' outdoor frequency.

Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Survey Assessment of Current Practices Across Children's Oncology Group Institutions.

Introduction: While clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for pediatric oncology infection prophylaxis and management exist, few data describe actual management occurring at pediatric oncology centers.

Methods: An electronic survey querying infection management practices in nontransplant pediatric oncology patients was iteratively created by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Cancer Control and Supportive Care Infectious Diseases Subcommittee and sent to leaders at all COG institutions, limiting each site to one response to represent their institution.

Results: The response rate was 57% (129/227 institutions).

Exploration of Cytokines and Microbiome Among Males and Females with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background: Whether pathophysiological factors differ between males and females with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea (IBS-D) remains to be tested. To better understand potential sex differences, males with IBS-D were compared to naturally cycling females and to females with IBS-D taking hormonal contraception on plasma levels of cytokines and gut microbiome characteristics.

Methods: Males and females with Rome III IBS-D completed questionnaires and kept a daily symptom diary for 28 days.

A mixed method approach to substantiate quantitative data with qualitative data: Improving clinical judgment in prelicensure nursing students using simulation.

Background: Current literature demonstrates a gap in research involving mixed method study of clinical judgment development in prelicensure nursing students.

Objectives: Clinical judgment of two groups of nursing students were compared using the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR).

Design: A mixed method convergent parallel quasi-experimental cross-sectional approach was used to determine if simulation increased clinical judgment skills between beginner and advanced pre-licensure nursing students.

Impact of a Multi-Component Home-Based Physical Therapy Intervention on Cognitive Outcomes: Results From the CAP Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Differences in cognitive outcomes for two home-based 16-week interventions after usual rehabilitative care post-hip fracture were examined.

Methods: Community Ambulation Project randomized controlled trial included 210 hip fracture participants. Interventions: Specific multi-component (PUSH) included strength-, balance-, function-, and endurance-based exercises; non-specific active control (PULSE) included seated range-of-motion exercises and sensory transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation.

Nurse Experiences in an Electronic Health Record Transition: A Mixed Methods Analysis.

Transitions from one EHR to another can be enormously disruptive to care. Nurses are the largest group of EHR users, but nurse experiences with EHR transitions have not been well documented. We sought to understand nurse experiences with an EHR transition at the US Department of Veterans Affairs.

Effect of telemedicine support for intraoperative anaesthesia care on postoperative outcomes: the TECTONICS randomised clinical trial.

Background: Telemedicine may help improve care quality and patient outcomes. Telemedicine for intraoperative decision support has not been rigorously studied.

Methods: This was a single-centre randomised clinical trial of unselected adult surgical patients.

Detecting psychometric and diagnostic performance of the RU_SATED v2.0 multidimensional sleep health scale in community-dwelling adults combining exploratory graph analysis and ROC analysis.

Objective: The RU_SATED scale is increasingly used across the globe to measure sleep health. However, there is a lack of consensus around its psychometric and diagnostic performance. We conducted an empirical investigation into the psychometrics of the Chinese version of the RU_SATED (RU_SATED-C) scale, with a focus on structural validity and diagnostic performance.

Integrating Worker Health Education in Community Agencies to Address Immigrant Worker Health: A Pilot Implementation Trial.

Objective: This pilot trial aimed to determine implementation processes and outcomes to integrate Basic Worker Health Education (WHEB) in co-ethnic, not directly worker-focused, community agencies that function as cultural-linguistic brokers and service providers to immigrants.

Methods: A Chinese WHEB prototype was developed and implemented at Chinese, Pan-Asian, and nonprofit community-based and Chinese faith-based organizations (N = 8). The implementation process (delivery model choice and areas for change) and outcomes (suitability and adoption sustainability) were evaluated qualitatively.

Guidelines for the standardization of pre-analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group.

There is a pressing need for accessible biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis to facilitate widespread screening, particularly in underserved groups. Saliva is an emerging specimen for measuring AD biomarkers, with distinct contexts of use that could complement blood and cerebrospinal fluid and detect various analytes. An interdisciplinary, international group of AD and related dementias (ADRD) researchers convened and performed a narrative review of published studies on salivary AD biomarkers.

Healthcare avoidance and delay among trans adults: Associations with mental and behavioral health outcomes.

Introduction: Healthcare avoidance and delay (HAD) is prevalent among transgender (trans) populations. This study sought to identify patterns of HAD and examine associations between HAD and 5 behavioral health outcomes among trans adults: depression, anxiety, tobacco and alcohol use, and intimate partner violence (IPV).

Methods: This study used survey data collected in 2023 from 789 trans adults in Washington state.

Proactive Management of Lactation in the Birth Hospital to Ensure Long-Term Milk Production and Sustainable Breastfeeding.

Individuals who are at risk of not achieving a full milk supply are often overlooked in scientific literature. There is available guidance to help establish an adequate milk supply for healthy individuals experiencing a physiologic labor and birth, and there are robust recommendations for the lactating parents of small, sick, and preterm newborns to ensure that these newborns can receive human milk. Missing from the literature are clinical practice guidelines that address the preexisting health, pregnancy, birth, or newborn-related risk factors for suboptimal lactation.

Pedagogical approaches to foster caring behaviors among nursing students: A scoping review.

Background: Developing caring behaviors in nursing students is crucial for improving patient care quality. Despite the variety of pedagogical approaches employed to cultivate these behaviors, their comparative effectiveness remains underexplored.

Aim: This review systematically examined various pedagogical approaches used to foster caring behaviors among nursing students and evaluated their outcomes.

Examining objective and subjective sleep measures and neurocognition in older adults with HIV: A cross-sectional study in the deep South.

As people live longer with HIV, reports of poor sleep and neurocognitive impairments are expected to increase. Poor sleep and neurocognitive impairments commonly occur in people living with HIV (PLWH) and some medications (e.g.

What Motivates Older Sedentary People Living With HIV in the United States to Participate in an Exercise Trial? A Qualitative Study.

Although exercise supports the physical function and health of older people living with HIV (PLWH), less than half of PLWH globally achieve recommended levels of activity. A qualitative descriptive design was used to determine what motivates sedentary PLWH, 50 years and older, to participate in an exercise trial. Interviews were conducted with PLWH who participated in an exercise trial (n = 30) and PLWH who declined enrollment in the same exercise trial (n = 4).

Does cognitive intra-individual variability predict change in everyday functioning performance in women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study?

This study examined the association between cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV), a non-mean-based indicator of underlying neuropathology, and self-reported everyday functioning of 1,086 women with HIV (WWH) and 494 socio-demographically similar women without HIV (WWoH). Objective cognitive performance across seven domains and the self-rated Lawton & Brody scale of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were assessed among participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Two types of cognitive IIV were calculated by taking the standard deviation across seven cognitive domains to calculate dispersion: 1) intra-individual standard deviation (denoted as IIV) and 2) coefficient of variation (denoted as IIV).

Social Media Bashing Assessment Scale (SM-BASH): Development and Psychometric Testing.

The pervasive use of social media exposes individuals to negative experiences, including social media bashing, which profoundly impacts mental health, yet there is a conspicuous lack of a standardized scale to assess these experiences. This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Social Media Bashing Assessment Scale (SM-BASH). A total of 978 college students from the Philippines participated in the study.

Management of adult sepsis in resource-limited settings: global expert consensus statements using a Delphi method.

Purpose: To generate consensus and provide expert clinical practice statements for the management of adult sepsis in resource-limited settings.

Methods: An international multidisciplinary Steering Committee with expertise in sepsis management and including a Delphi methodologist was convened by the Asia Pacific Sepsis Alliance (APSA). The committee selected an international panel of clinicians and researchers with expertise in sepsis management.

The Pace of Biological Aging Partially Explains the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Low Back Pain Outcomes.

Introduction: Having a lower socioeconomic status (SES) is a predictor of age-related chronic conditions, including chronic low back pain (cLBP). We aimed to examine whether the pace of biological aging mediates the relationship between SES and cLBP outcomes - pain intensity, pain interference, and physical performance.

Methods: We used the Dunedin Pace of Aging Calculated from the Epigenome (DunedinPACE) software to determine the pace of biological aging in adults ages 18 to 85 years with no cLBP (n = 74), low-impact pain (n = 56), and high-impact pain (n = 77).

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program Among Breast Cancer Survivors Post-Treatment: Evaluating Mediators of Cognitive Improvement.

Unlabelled: The Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program for breast cancer survivors (MBSR [BCs]) is a stress-reducing program designed to increase cognitive functioning through four meditational practices. This randomized clinical trial aimed to determine if improvements in cognitive functioning and perceived cognitive abilities achieved from the MBSR(BC) were mediated through increased mindfulness, decreased rumination, and decreased perceived stress. Breast cancer survivors (BCSs) who met inclusion criteria of stage I, II, or III BC and received either chemotherapy (CT) or both CT and radiation were randomized to either the 6-week MBSR(BC), or Breast Cancer Education Support (BCES) program, or to a usual care (UC) regimen.

Irregular assessment times in pragmatic randomized clinical trials.

Deviation from protocolized assessment times is commonplace in pragmatic randomized clinical trials. Working with a stakeholder advisory board for a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute®-funded project on statistical methods for handling potential biases introduced by irregular assessment times, we identified reasons for off-schedule or missed assessments. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research 2.

Feasibility of Alerting Systems and Family Care Partner Support for Postoperative Delirium Prevention.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether postoperative pager alerts to the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP), a delirium prevention service, would accelerate program enrollment for older surgical patients. This study also tested feasibility of family care partner interventions for delirium prevention.

Methods: This single-center, pilot clinical trial factorially randomized 57 non-cardiac surgical patients ≥70 years of age to 4 arms: (1) standard care, (2) pager alerts to accelerate HELP enrollment, (3) family care partner-based delirium prevention interventions, or (4) a combined arm with both HELP and family interventions.