Reactance to anti-binge drinking messages: testing cognitive and affective mechanisms among noncollege emerging adults.

Strong health messages may result in reactance, increasing unhealthy behaviors. Reactance is purported to be derived of both cognitive and affective factors. The current study investigated the extent to which these cognitive and affective reactance components accounted for the link between message exposure on intentions and behavior.

Distinct Influences of Land Cover and Land Management on Seasonal Climate.

Anthropogenic land use and land cover change is primarily represented in climate model simulations through prescribed transitions from natural vegetation to cropland or pasture. However, recent studies have demonstrated that land management practices, especially irrigation, have distinct climate impacts. Here we disentangle the seasonal climate impacts of land cover change and irrigation across areas of high agricultural intensity using climate simulations with three different land surface scenarios: (1) natural vegetation cover/no irrigation, (2) year 2000 crop cover/no irrigation, and (3) year 2000 crop cover and irrigation rates.

Cognitive failures in response to emotional contagion: Their effects on workplace accidents.

The purpose of this study was to examine contagion of positive and negative emotions among employees as an antecedent of cognitive failures and subsequent workplace accidents. Using emotional contagion theory and the neural model of emotion and cognition, we tested the proposition that higher contagion of anger (i.e.

A high-throughput method of analyzing multiple plant defensive compounds in minimized sample mass.

Premise Of The Study: Current methods for quantifying herbivore-induced alterations in plant biochemistry are often unusable by researchers due to practical constraints. We present a cost-effective, high-throughput protocol to quantify multiple biochemical responses from small plant tissue samples using spectrophotometric techniques.

Methods And Results: Using and leaves pre- and post-herbivory, we demonstrate that our protocol quantifies common plant defense responses: peroxidase production, polyphenol oxidase production, reactive oxygen species production, total protein production, and trypsin-like protease inhibition activity.

Food parenting practices in rural poverty context.

Little is known about how low-income, rural mothers shape child eating behaviors. Descriptive and qualitative analysis of 55 mothers' surveys and in-depth interviews with 17 mothers in Washington state revealed a lack of alignment between mothers' intent to promote healthy child eating habits and counterproductive food parenting behaviors. Individual, family and community ecologies contributing to the divide included mothers' current nutrition knowledge, their childhood experiences, family food insecurity, housing issues preventing recommended practices, and a lack of public transportation or access to affordable grocery stores.

A nurse-driven method for developing artificial intelligence in "smart" homes for aging-in-place.

Objectives: To offer practical guidance to nurse investigators interested in multidisciplinary research that includes assisting in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for "smart" health management and aging-in-place.

Methods: Ten health-assistive Smart Homes were deployed to chronically ill older adults from 2015 to 2018. Data were collected using five sensor types (infrared motion, contact, light, temperature, and humidity).

Not in front of the kids: Effects of parental suppression on socialization behaviors during cooperative parent-child interactions.

Parents often try to hide their negative emotions from their kids, hoping to protect them from experiencing adverse responses. However, suppression has been linked with poor social interactions. Suppression may be particularly damaging in the context of parent-child relationships because it may hinder parents' ability to support children's emotion regulation.

Is More Always Merrier? Intersectionality as an Antecedent of Job Insecurity.

As modern workplace environments are becoming increasingly diverse, the experiences of disenfranchised employees have become a topic of great interest to scholars and business professionals alike. While the experiences of individuals with singular stigmatized identities have been well-established, a dearth of research has assessed how intersectionality, i.e.

Understanding the population consequences of disturbance.

Managing the nonlethal effects of disturbance on wildlife populations has been a long-term goal for decision makers, managers, and ecologists, and assessment of these effects is currently required by European Union and United States legislation. However, robust assessment of these effects is challenging. The management of human activities that have nonlethal effects on wildlife is a specific example of a fundamental ecological problem: how to understand the population-level consequences of changes in the behavior or physiology of individual animals that are caused by external stressors.

Protein Kinase A Signaling Inhibits Iridophore Differentiation in Zebrafish.

In zebrafish (), iridophores are specified from neural crest cells and represent a tractable system for examining mechanisms of cell fate and differentiation. Using this system, we have investigated the role of cAMP protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in pigment cell differentiation. Activation of PKA with the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin reduces the number of differentiated iridophores in wildtype larvae, with insignificant changes to melanophore number.

Carbon fiber doped thermosetting elastomer for flexible sensors: physical properties and microfabrication.

We have developed conductive microstructures using micropatternable and conductive hybrid nanocomposite polymer. In this method carbon fibers (CFs) were blended into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Electrical conductivities of different compositions were investigated with various fiber lengths (50-250 μm), and weight percentages (wt%) (10-60 wt%).

Nurse practitioners' recommendations for pharmacotherapy in the management of adolescent concussion.

Background And Purpose: Nurse practitioners (NPs) frequently treat acute conditions presenting in children and adolescents in the outpatient setting. No evidence-based guidance exists pertaining to the treatment of concussion with medications. The purpose of this study was to examine recommendations by NPs for pharmacotherapy of acute symptoms for adolescent concussion.

Intercomparison of photogrammetry software for three-dimensional vegetation modelling.

Photogrammetry-based three-dimensional reconstruction of objects is becoming increasingly appealing in research areas unrelated to computer vision. It has the potential to facilitate the assessment of forest inventory-related parameters by enabling or expediting resource measurements in the field. We hereby compare several implementations of photogrammetric algorithms (CMVS/PMVS, CMPMVS, MVE, OpenMVS, SURE and Agisoft PhotoScan) with respect to their performance in vegetation assessment.

Recovery of food webs following natural physical disturbances.

The objective of our paper is to develop a mechanistic conceptual framework for how food webs recover from natural physical disturbances. We summarize our work on the effect of hurricanes on island food webs and review other studies documenting how other types of physical disturbances (including fires, floods, and volcanic eruptions) alter food-web interactions. Based on these case studies, we propose that four factors play an important role in food-web succession: (1) disturbance intensity, (2) sequential recovery/colonization of successively higher trophic levels, (3) tradeoffs between growth rate of organisms at different successional stages and susceptibility to consumers, and (4) detritus including autochthonous and allochthonous sources.

Prompting Technology and Persons With Dementia: The Significance of Context and Communication.

Background And Objectives: Smart home auto-prompting has the potential to increase the functional independence of persons with dementia (PWDs) and decrease caregiver burden as instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are completed at home. To improve prompting technologies, we sought to inductively understand how PWDs responded to auto-prompting while performing IADL tasks.

Research Design And Methods: Fifteen PWDs completed eight IADLs in a smart home testbed and received a hierarchy of verbal auto-prompts (indirect, direct, multimodal) as needed for task completion.

'First, Do No Harm': The Role of Negative Emotions and Moral Disengagement in Understanding the Relationship Between Workplace Aggression and Misbehavior.

Workplace aggression is a critical phenomenon particularly in the healthcare sector, where nurses are especially at risk of bullying and third-party aggression. While workplace aggression has been frequently examined in relation to health problems, less is known about the possible negative impact such aggression may have on the (un)ethical behavior of victims. Our research aims to fill this gap.

Developing Relationship-Building Tools for Foster Families Caring for Teens who are LGBTQ2S.

Youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and two-spirit (LGBTQ2S) are disproportionally represented in the foster care population and often face discrimination within the system. This article summarizes findings from focus groups with youth in care who are LGBTQ2S, foster caregivers, and child welfare workers to explore (a) the unique challenges and support-related needs of youth in care who are LGBTQ2S and their foster caregivers, and (b) strategies for building better relationships between these youth and caregivers. Findings can be used to improve youth placement stability.

Introduction to four reviews addressing critical topics identified by the 2015 Nurse Practitioner Research Agenda Roundtable: Priorities for policy, workforce, education, and practice.

Background And Purpose: In 2015, an invitational think tank was convened by the Fellows of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners to update the 2010 Nurse Practitioner (NP) Research Agenda Roundtable. This effort was undertaken to provide guidance for future health care research. The purpose of this article is to introduce the process used for conducting four reviews that address critical topics related to specific research priorities emanating from the 2015 NP Research Agenda Roundtable.

Economic stress and well-being: Does population health context matter?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of county-level population health determinants in predicting individual employee reactions to economic stress. Using multilevel modeling and a population health perspective, we tested a model linking nationally representative individual-level data (N = 100,968) on exposure to economic stressors and county-level population health determinants (N = 3,026) to responses on a composite measure of individual well-being that included the facets of purpose, community, physical, and social well-being, as well as life satisfaction. Results indicate that higher income- and employment-related economic stress were significantly related to poorer well-being.

Protecting workers in the home care industry: workers' experienced job demands, resource gaps, and benefits following a socially supportive intervention.

The Community of Practice and Safety Support (COMPASS) program is a peer-led group intervention for home care workers. In a randomized controlled trial, COMPASS significantly improved workers' professional support networks and safety and health behaviors. However, quantitative findings failed to capture workers' complex emotional, physical, and social experiences with job demands, resource limitations, and the intervention itself.

Shaping Core Health Messages: Rural, Low-Income Mothers Speak Through Participatory Action Research.

Rural, low-income families are disproportionately impacted by health problems owing to structural barriers (e.g., transportation, health insurance coverage) and personal barriers (e.