Impact of Electron Acceptor Availability on Methane-Influenced Microorganisms in an Enrichment Culture Obtained From a Stratified Lake.

Methanotrophs are of major importance in limiting methane emissions from lakes. They are known to preferably inhabit the oxycline of stratified water columns, often assumed due to an intolerance to atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but little is known on the response of methanotrophs to different oxygen concentrations as well as their preference for different electron acceptors. In this study, we enriched a methanotroph of the genus from the oxycline and the anoxic water column of a stratified lake, which was also present in the oxic water column in the winter.

Effects of peer versus expert exercise standards on exercise cognitions and behaviour.

This experiment examined whether people respond differently to information about where they stand relative to peer behaviour or to expert behavioural recommendations, and whether responses depend on the attainability of these standards. University students (N = 345) were randomly assigned to receive information about their exercise levels relative to peer behaviour or expert recommendations, both varying in attainability, or to a no-feedback control. Exercise-related cognitions were assessed immediately after feedback and exercise intentions and behaviour were assessed one month later.

The Effects of Brief Social Exclusion on Pain Perception and Pain Memory in Adolescents.

Purpose: Peer relationship problems are associated with pain complaints; however, experimental data linking the two are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether brief social exclusion influences pain processing in healthy adolescents.

Methods: A total of 40 adolescents were randomly assigned to a social exclusion or social inclusion/control condition; they then completed a cold pressor task and provided pain ratings.

How the Atacama Skeleton Might Advance Discussion of Responsible Conduct of Research Responsibilities.

Controversies resulting from genetic testing on skeletal remains of disputed stewardship raise important questions about obligations inherent on genetic researchers to assure ethical chain of custody. In this article, we analyze and evaluate several proposed positions on whether such research should be published. Following jurisprudential standards for legitimate regulatory systems, we argue that responsible conduct of research requires reasonable attention to chain of custody but cannot require guarantees, particularly in cases of ancient remains.

An expanded rating curve model to estimate river discharge during tidal influences across the progressive-mixed-standing wave systems.

Empirically quantifying tidally-influenced river discharge is typically laborious, expensive, and subject to more uncertainty than estimation of upstream river discharge. The tidal stage-discharge relationship is not monotonic nor necessarily single-valued, so conventional stage-based river rating curves fail in the tidal zone. Herein, we propose an expanded rating curve method incorporating stage-rate-of-change to estimate river discharge under tidal influences across progressive, mixed, and standing waves.

APOBEC3A is a prominent cytidine deaminase in breast cancer.

APOBEC cytidine deaminases are the second-most prominent source of mutagenesis in sequenced tumors. Previous studies have proposed that APOBEC3B (A3B) is the major source of mutagenesis in breast cancer (BRCA). We show that APOBEC3A (A3A) is the only APOBEC whose expression correlates with APOBEC-induced mutation load and that A3A expression is responsible for cytidine deamination in multiple BRCA cell lines.

Methane oxidation in anoxic lake water stimulated by nitrate and sulfate addition.

Methanotrophic bacteria play a key role in limiting methane emissions from lakes. It is generally assumed that methanotrophic bacteria are mostly active at the oxic-anoxic transition zone in stratified lakes, where they use oxygen to oxidize methane. Here, we describe a methanotroph of the genera Methylobacter that is performing high-rate (up to 72 μM day ) methane oxidation in the anoxic hypolimnion of the temperate Lacamas Lake (Washington, USA), stimulated by both nitrate and sulfate addition.

Differences in antinociceptive signalling mechanisms following morphine and fentanyl microinjections into the rat periaqueductal gray.

Background: Morphine and fentanyl are two of the most commonly used opioids to treat pain. Although both opioids produce antinociception by binding to mu-opioid receptors (MOR), they appear to act via distinct signalling pathways.

Objective: This study will reveal whether differences in morphine and fentanyl antinociception are the result of selective activation of G-protein signalling and/or selective activation of pre- or postsynaptic MORs.

Tungsten in Washington State surface waters.

At high concentrations, tungsten can be toxic to humans, animals, and the environment, though little is known about natural, aqueous tungsten in surface waters. To improve understanding and develop a model predicting tungsten concentrations, we collected water and sediment from 77 water bodies in 20 watersheds in Washington State, USA. We found aqueous tungsten concentrations spanning two orders of magnitude (10.

Excess N and denitrification in hyporheic porewaters and groundwaters of the San Joaquin River, California.

The San Joaquin River (SJR) in California is purported to receive high nitrate loadings from surrounding agricultural lands through both surface and groundwater inputs. To investigate the potential removal of nitrate (NO) from surface and ground water sources, the spatial variations in dinitrogen (N) gas concentrations and direct measurements of sediment denitrification potential (DNP), with amended NO and carbon (C) treatments, were investigated in the summer along a 95-km reach of the San Joaquin River. Excess N in hyporheic porewaters ranged from <0.

Dopamine Acts via D2-Like Receptors to Modulate Auditory Responses in the Inferior Colliculus.

The ability to understand speech relies on accurate auditory processing of complex sounds. Individuals with Parkinson's disease suffer from speech perception deficits, suggesting that dopamine is involved in the encoding of complex sounds. Recent studies have demonstrated that dopamine has heterogeneous effects on the responses of many neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of mice, although the strongest effect is to suppress neural activity.

Pain, Physical, and Psychosocial Functioning in Adolescents at Risk for Developing Chronic Pain: A Longitudinal Case-Control Stusdy.

This longitudinal case-control study aims to 1) compare symptoms and functioning in otherwise healthy adolescents with versus without a parent with chronic pain (Parent CP+/Parent CP-) 2) test adolescent sex as a moderator of the relation between parent CP group and child functioning, and 3) determine changes in adolescent pain over 1 year. Adolescents (n = 140; ages 11-15) completed tests of pain responsivity and physical function, as well as self-report measures assessing pain characteristics, somatic symptoms, and physical and psychosocial functioning. Self-reported pain and somatic symptoms were reassessed 1 year later.

Becoming a Transformative Nurse Educator: Finding Safety and Authenticity.

The study purpose was to evaluate and strengthen this program's nursing education curriculum to better prepare and develop future nurse faculty. As the dire nursing faculty shortage increases, the transition of expert nurse clinician to novice educator is receiving more attention. In order to prepare, recruit, and retain the nursing faculty needed to meet the growing nurse shortage, understanding what nurse educators need in order to be successful is essential.

The Safety Climate Assessment Tool (S-CAT): A rubric-based approach to measuring construction safety climate.

Introduction: This paper presents the development and validation of a new rubric-based Safety Climate Assessment Tool (S-CAT). The S-CAT gives companies the opportunity to use rubric descriptors, rather than traditional Likert scale responses, to self-assess their level of safety climate maturity and receive a composite score benchmarked against others in the S-CAT database.

Method: The S-CAT is composed of 37 separate indicators of 8 safety climate factors identified by construction industry subject matter experts.

On the transport of particles/cells in high-throughput deterministic lateral displacement devices: Implications for circulating tumor cell separation.

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), which takes advantage of the asymmetric bifurcation of laminar flow around the embedded microposts, has shown promising capabilities in separating cells and particles of different sizes. Growing interest in utilizing high-throughput DLD devices for practical applications, such as circulating tumor cell separation, necessitates employing higher flow rates in these devices, leading to operating in moderate to high Reynolds number () regimes. Despite extensive research on DLD devices in the creeping regime, limited research has focused on the physics of flow, critical size of the device, and deformable cell behavior in DLD devices at moderate to high .

Daily Peer Victimization Experiences of Adolescents With and Without Chronic Pain: Associations With Mood, Sleep, Pain, and Activity Limitations.

This study aims to 1) examine the temporal influence of peer victimization on mood, sleep quality, pain, and activity limitations in clinical and community samples of youth, and 2) test mood and sleep as mediators of peer victimization-pain pathways. One hundred fifty-six adolescents (n = 74 chronic pain group) completed a week of online diary monitoring assessing their daily peer victimization experiences, negative mood, sleep quality, pain intensity, and pain-related activity limitations. In multilevel models controlling for group status, person-mean peer victimization (averaged across days) significantly predicted worse mood, pain, and activity limitations (all Ps < .

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α-knockout mice exhibit degraded auditory temporal processing.

The gene that encodes the α-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-nAChR) has been associated with some autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental conditions characterized, in part, by auditory and language impairment. These conditions may include auditory processing disorders that represent impaired timing of neural activity, often accompanied by problems understanding speech. Here, we measure timing properties of sound-evoked activity via the auditory brainstem response (ABR) of α-nAChR knockout mice of both sexes and wild-type colony controls.

Child-Centered Nutrition Phrases Plus Repeated Exposure Increase Preschoolers' Consumption of Healthful Foods, but Not Liking or Willingness to Try.

Objective: To determine whether the use of child-centered nutrition phrases (CCNP) with repeated exposure (RE) improved willingness to try, liking, and consumption of healthful foods compared with RE alone.

Design: The researchers used a 2 × 2 × 4 fractionated within-subjects experimental design in the study: phrase condition (RE vs CCNP + RE) by time of measurement (preintervention, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up), by type of food (tomatoes, bell peppers, lentils, and quinoa).

Setting: Children were recruited from 2 early education centers; 89% participated.

Melanosome maturation proteins Oca2, Mitfa and Vps11 are differentially required for cisplatin resistance in zebrafish melanocytes.

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, partially due to its inherent resistance to therapy. Here, we test in live larvae the hypothesis that mature melanosomes contribute to resistance to chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin, via drug sequestration. We also compare three melanosome biogenesis proteins-microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitfa), vacuolar protein sorting 11 (Vps11) and oculocutaneous albinism 2 (Oca2) to determine their respective contributions to chemoresistance.

Association between Cervical Spine Degeneration and the Presence of Dens Fractures.

Purpose: Results of a small case series indicate an increased risk of dens fractures in patients with osteoarthritis. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to analyze the relative risks associated with degeneration of the cervical spine in the occurrence of dens fractures in older patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective CT study of 1,794 patients > 55 years of age with and without dens fractures for signs of osteoarthritis (OA).

Reactance to anti-binge drinking messages: testing cognitive and affective mechanisms among noncollege emerging adults.

Strong health messages may result in reactance, increasing unhealthy behaviors. Reactance is purported to be derived of both cognitive and affective factors. The current study investigated the extent to which these cognitive and affective reactance components accounted for the link between message exposure on intentions and behavior.

Distinct Influences of Land Cover and Land Management on Seasonal Climate.

Anthropogenic land use and land cover change is primarily represented in climate model simulations through prescribed transitions from natural vegetation to cropland or pasture. However, recent studies have demonstrated that land management practices, especially irrigation, have distinct climate impacts. Here we disentangle the seasonal climate impacts of land cover change and irrigation across areas of high agricultural intensity using climate simulations with three different land surface scenarios: (1) natural vegetation cover/no irrigation, (2) year 2000 crop cover/no irrigation, and (3) year 2000 crop cover and irrigation rates.