Potential Importance of Maximal Upper Body Strength-Generating Qualities and Upper Body Strength Training for Performance of High-Intensity Running and Jumping Actions: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of upper body (UB) strength qualities and UB strength training on the performance of high-intensity running and jumping actions and to identify gaps and recommendations for future research.

Methods: A systematic search using the PRISMA Scoping Review protocol was conducted in February 2024 using PubMed, Scopus, and ICTRP. Studies eligible for inclusion were those that reported associations between UB or trunk maximal strength qualities (e.

Education for Healthcare Providers: Impact of Academic Detailing on Reducing Misinformation and Strengthening Influenza Vaccine Recommendations.

Background: Recommendations from a trusted healthcare provider have been shown to be the most effective intervention for encouraging patients to be vaccinated. However, providers have reported feeling less prepared to address vaccination questions and having less time to discuss vaccines with patients than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Providers may benefit from a brief update about the available influenza vaccines and vaccination guidelines.

Diagnosis and Management of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Case Report and an Adapted Case Definition.

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), also known as human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), is the primary etiologic cause of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and KSHV Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome (KICS). Patients with KICS demonstrate symptoms of systemic inflammation, high KSHV viral load, elevation of inflammatory markers, and increased mortality. Management requires rapid diagnosis, treatment of underlying HIV, direct treatment of KS, and addressing the hyperimmune response.

Acceptance and Completion Rates of 3-Month Isoniazid-Rifampicin (3HR) Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) Among Contacts of Bacteriologically Confirmed TB Patients-Patients' and Healthcare Workers' Perspectives.

Providing tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) to close contacts of persons with TB is a core strategy recommended by WHO for the prevention and control of TB. Nigeria rolled out the 3-month Isoniazid-Rifampicin (3HR) shorter regimen TPT as a pilot for use among eligible adult and child contacts. This study assesses acceptance and completion rates of 3HR TPT among contacts and determines the perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) and contacts on acceptance and completion of 3HR TPT in Nigeria.

Sex Differences in the Anxiolytic Properties of Common Cannabis Terpenes, Linalool and β-Myrcene, in Mice.

Volatile organic compounds, colloquially referred to as "terpenes", have been proposed to impact the therapeutic qualities that are traditionally ascribed to cannabis. However, the contribution of these terpenes in anxiety, at relevant levels and exposure methods common with cannabis use, is lacking empirical assessment. We tested the anxiolytic properties of two prominent cannabis terpenes, linalool and β-myrcene, in male and female mice using short duration vapor pulls to model human inhalation when combusting flower or vaping cannabis oil.

A Rapid and Reliable Absorbance Assay to Identify Drug-Drug Interactions with Thiopurine Drugs.

Background: Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) plays a crucial role in the detoxification of thiopurine drugs, including the antimetabolites azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) used to treat autoimmune diseases and various cancers. These drugs interfere with DNA synthesis by inhibiting the production of purine-containing nucleotides, leading to the death of rapidly dividing cells. TPMT inactivates thiopurine drugs by methylating at the thiol group.

Virtual Support for Bereaved Parents: Acceptability, Feasibility, and Preliminary Efficacy of HOPE Group.

Hospital-based supports for families following the death of a child are rare. Virtual interventions may address key barriers to providing bereavement care, but little is known about their acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy. Our hospital's palliative care program offered a six-week closed virtual support group for bereaved parents five times between 2021 and 2024.

Correction: Sebro et al. Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study. 2024, , 695.

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Establishing a Collaborative Genomic Repository for Adult Burn Survivors: A Burn Model System Feasibility Study.

In this study, we aimed to integrate a genetic repository with an existing longitudinal national burn database. We set out two primary objectives, namely (1) to develop standard operating procedures for genetic sample collection and storage, DNA isolation, and data integration into an existing multicenter database; and (2) to demonstrate the feasibility of correlating genetic variation to functional outcomes in a pilot study, using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. Dubbed the worrier/warrior gene, COMT variants have been associated with varying phenotypes of post-traumatic stress, wellbeing, and resilience.

The Efficacy and Safety of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction and Iron Deficiency: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Iron deficiency (ID) often coexists with heart failure (HF), and its prevalence increases with the severity of HF. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) has been associated with improvements in clinical outcomes, functional capacity, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with HF and ID. However, while earlier studies showed favorable results, more recent studies have failed to demonstrate significant improvements in outcomes for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and ID.

Inflammatory Markers and Measures of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and inflammation predict more severe outcomes in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the link between CAN and inflammation in T1D remains unclear. We examined associations between CAN measures and inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with T1D.

DNA polymerase zeta can efficiently replicate structures formed by AT/TA repeat sequences and prevent their deletion.

Long AT repeat tracts form non-B DNA structures that stall DNA replication and cause chromosomal breakage. AT repeats are abundant in human common fragile sites (CFSs), genomic regions that undergo breakage under replication stress. Using an in vivo yeast model system containing AT-rich repetitive elements from human CFS FRA16D, we find that DNA polymerase zeta (Pol ζ) is required to prevent breakage and subsequent deletions at hairpin and cruciform forming (AT/TA)n sequences, with little to no role at an (A/T)28 repeat or a control non-structure forming sequence.

Machine learning-optimized targeted detection of alternative splicing.

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is widely adopted for transcriptome analysis but has inherent biases that hinder the comprehensive detection and quantification of alternative splicing. To address this, we present an efficient targeted RNA-seq method that greatly enriches for splicing-informative junction-spanning reads. Local splicing variation sequencing (LSV-seq) utilizes multiplexed reverse transcription from highly scalable pools of primers anchored near splicing events of interest.

A multi-trait approach identified 7 novel genes for back pain.

Introduction: Back pain (BP) is a complex heritable trait with an estimated heritability of 40% to 60%. Less than half of this can be explained by known genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies.

Objectives: We applied a powerful multi-trait and gene-based approach to association analysis of BP to identify novel genes associated with BP.

Applying evidence-based cross-disciplinary concepts helps to explain the heterogeneity in pain, function, and biological measures in individuals with knee pain with/at risk of osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Factors contributing to individual differences in knee osteoarthritis remain elusive. Dispositional traits and socioeconomic status are independent predictors of mental and physical health, although significant variability remains. Dispositional traits serve as the biological interface for life experiences.

Prescription psychostimulant use, admissions and treatment initiation and retention in pregnant people with opioid use disorder.

While attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is common among people with addiction, the risks and benefits of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication in pregnant people with opioid use disorder are poorly understood. Here, using US multistate administrative data, we examined 3,247 pregnant people initiating opioid use disorder treatment, of whom 5% received psychostimulants. Compared to peers not receiving psychostimulants, the psychostimulant cohort had greater buprenorphine (adjusted relative risk 1.

A feasibility study on the virtual adaptation of Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care.

Childhood behavioral problems are common; despite evidence that parenting interventions improve outcomes, the use of these programs is limited. Virtual delivery may ameliorate attendance barriers, but little is known on the acceptability and feasibility of virtual group parenting interventions. This mixed-methods study explored the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of the virtual delivery of a parenting intervention, Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care (PriCARE) among 18 caregivers and 8 facilitators.

Survey of Orthopedic Surgeons' Perceptions of Adopting an Initiative With Cemented Hip Hemiarthroplasties for Fractures.

Introduction: Hip hemiarthroplasty is a surgical procedure that requires the adhesion of the prosthetic implant by utilizing a fixation technique, either cemented or noncemented. The current literature does not provide a clear recommendation on a superior technique, although many countries outside the US have guidelines recommending cemented over noncemented procedures. Further, surgeon perceptions and beliefs related to the cemented and noncemented techniques in hip arthroplasty fractures are generally unknown.

The probability of pregnancy in 100 episodes of sexual intercourse: A measure of male contraceptive performance.

Background: Accurately judging the efficacy of contraceptives is vital for preventing unintended pregnancy. The Pearl index and life table analysis describe female contraceptive performance. However, they are not ideal for quantifying male contraceptive efficacy given differences between male and female methods.

Proactive Management of Lactation in the Birth Hospital to Ensure Long-Term Milk Production and Sustainable Breastfeeding.

Individuals who are at risk of not achieving a full milk supply are often overlooked in scientific literature. There is available guidance to help establish an adequate milk supply for healthy individuals experiencing a physiologic labor and birth, and there are robust recommendations for the lactating parents of small, sick, and preterm newborns to ensure that these newborns can receive human milk. Missing from the literature are clinical practice guidelines that address the preexisting health, pregnancy, birth, or newborn-related risk factors for suboptimal lactation.

Outcomes of Growth-Friendly Surgical Treatment of Early Onset Scoliosis in Children With Prune Belly Syndrome: A Preliminary Report.

Background: Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare condition characterized by absence of abdominal musculature, cryptorchidism, and obstructive uropathy. The most common orthopaedic problem is scoliosis, yet no reports on growth-friendly surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) exist. Our purpose was to evaluate outcomes of distraction-based implants in children with PBS.

CCR2 restricts IFN-γ production by hippocampal CD8 TRM cells that impair learning and memory during recovery from WNV encephalitis.

Central nervous system (CNS) resident memory CD8 T cells (T) that express IFN-γ contribute to neurodegenerative processes, including synapse loss, leading to memory impairment. Here, we show that CCR2 signaling in CD8 T that persist within the hippocampus after recovery from CNS infection with West Nile virus (WNV) significantly prevents the development of memory impairments. Using CCR2-deficient mice, we determined that CCR2 expression is not essential for CNS T cell recruitment or virologic control during acute WNV infection.

Hearing modulation affects Alzheimer's disease progression linked to brain inflammation: a study in mouse models.

Background: Recent studies have identified hearing loss (HL) as a primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset. However, the mechanisms linking HL to AD are not fully understood. This study explored the effects of drug-induced hearing loss (DIHL) on the expression of proteins associated with AD progression in mouse models.