C-Reactive Protein Changes in Adult and Pediatric People With Cystic Fibrosis During Treatment of Pulmonary Exacerbations.

Objective: Although studies have examined changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) during pulmonary exacerbations (PEX) in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), few have evaluated CRP profiles across age groups. Here, we characterize age-related CRP responses to PEX treatment.

Methods: We measured CRP concentrations at the beginning and end of intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for PEX in 100 pediatric and 147 adult PwCF at 10 US CF Centers.

Sensitivity of Lung Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) to Predict Oxygen Requirements in Emerging Viral Infections.

Objectives: The prognostic characteristics of lung point-of-care ultrasound (L-POCUS) to predict respiratory decompensation in patients with emerging infections remains unstudied. Our objective was to examine whether scored lung ultrasounds predict hypoxia among a nonhypoxic, ambulatory population of patients with COVID-19.

Methods: This was a diagnostic case-control study.

Rome Foundation Working Team Report: Consensus Statement on the Design and Conduct of Behavioural Clinical Trials for Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.

Background: Brain-gut behaviour therapies (BGBT) have gained widespread acceptance as therapeutic modalities for the management of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). However, existing treatment evaluation methods in the medical field fail to capture the specific elements of scientific rigour unique to behavioural trial evaluation.

Aims: To offer the first consensus on the development and testing of BGBT in DGBI.

Evaluating the Effect of Various Pure Tone Averages on Cochlear Implant Candidacy Screening.

Objective: To provide evidence to use an extended frequency pure tone average to screen for cochlear implant evaluation candidates as recommended by the American Cochlear Implant Alliance. Additionally, to determine whether traditional low frequency, high or low frequency, high frequency, or extended frequency pure tone average most accurately predicts cochlear implant candidates based on speech perception scores from aided AzBio sentence testing or aided consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) testing.

Method: Adults from a tertiary care center who completed aided sentence testing during cochlear implant evaluation between 2014 and 2024 were assessed.

How norms-shifting interventions foster community-level social and behavior change: new insights from a synthesis of realist evaluations of community-level interventions.

Social norms, the informal rules that influence behavior, play essential roles in shaping people's behavior. Community-based norms-shifting interventions (NSIs) identify gender and other social norms linked to unhealthy behaviors and implement activities to promote collective change by encouraging communities to reflect on and question these norms. Though NSIs are gaining international traction in social and behavior change programming for health promotion, how change occurs needs to be clearly understood in African and other contexts.

The Role of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Neonatal and Fetal Brain Research.

The biochemical composition and structure of the brain are in a rapid change during the exuberant stage of fetal and neonatal development. H-MRS is a noninvasive tool that can evaluate brain metabolites in healthy fetuses and infants as well as those with neurological diseases. This review aims to provide readers with an understanding of 1) the basic principles and technical considerations relevant to H-MRS in the fetal-neonatal brain and 2) the role of H-MRS in early fetal-neonatal development brain research.

Moral conflict and moral distress in veterinarians: a mixed-methods approach.

Veterinary professionals are often confronted with moral conflicts from which moral distress can develop. Moral distress can lead to a cascade of deleterious processes and outcomes including emotional anguish, distress, reduced patient care, and attrition from both the workplace and workforce. The current study established a pilot measure for moral distress in Australian veterinary clinicians, as well as reporting additional sources of moral and ethical conflicts in veterinary practice.

Reprogramming of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Acute Leukemia.

Fatty acids are essential biomolecules that support several cellular processes, such as membrane structures, energy storage and production, as well as signal transduction. Accordingly, changes in fatty acid metabolism can have a significant impact on cell behavior, such as growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Therefore, it is not surprising that many aspects of fatty acid metabolism are frequently dysregulated in human cancer, including in highly aggressive blood cancers such as acute leukemia.

Neighborhood opportunity and residential instability: associations with mental health in middle childhood.

Background: Neighborhood quality may contribute to child mental health, but families with young children often move, and residential instability has also been tied to adverse mental health. This study's primary goal was to disentangle the effects of neighborhood quality from those of residential instability on mental health in middle childhood.

Methods: 1,946 children from 1,652 families in the Upstate KIDS cohort from New York state, US, were followed prospectively from birth to age 10.

A probabilistic approach to estimating timber harvest location.

Determining the harvest location of timber is crucial to enforcing international regulations designed to protect natural resources and to tackle illegal logging and associated trade in forest products. Stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA) can be used to verify claims of timber harvest location by matching levels of naturally occurring stable isotopes within wood tissue to location-specific ratios predicted from reference data ("isoscapes"). However, overly simple models for predicting isoscapes have so far limited the confidence in derived predictions of timber provenance.

LGBTQ+ status and sex of record in Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: demographics, comorbidities, and outpatient encounters.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze differences between lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) and non-LGBTQ+ Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in terms of demographics, comorbidities, and medical care usage, including differences by sex of record, including separate analyses for transgender and non-transgender Veterans.

Methods: Chi-square, -test, ANOVA Welch one-way testing, and absolute standardized difference analyses were conducted on a cohort of 277,539 Veterans diagnosed with PTSD.

Results: The study found significant differences, particularly concerning positive LGBTQ+ status and sex of record.

Point prevalence survey of antibiotics in a pediatric tertiary hospital in the Republic of Panama.

Objective: To conduct a point prevalence survey (PPS) of antibiotic use in the main pediatric tertiary-level hospital in Panama City to establish antibiotic prevalence and identify key areas for addressing antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: This point prevalence survey (PPS) conducted in a tertiary-level hospital in Panama followed the Pan American Health Organization's adaptation of the methodology proposed by the World Health Organization for PPSs on antibiotic use. Information obtained included patients' demographic characteristics, antimicrobial prescriptions, indication for antimicrobial use, and prescription's adherence to guidelines.

[Analysis of the surveillance system for adverse events following Immunization (AEFI) related to COVID-19 vaccines in Colombia, 2021-2023Análise do sistema de vigilância de ESAVI por vacinas contra a COVID-19 na Colômbia, 2021-2023].

Objective: To describe the functioning of the surveillance system for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Colombia using the evaluation tools proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Method: Descriptive study of the performance of the AEFI surveillance system for COVID-19 vaccines between 17 February 2021 and 30 September 2023. WHO indicators for structure, process, and results were adapted.

Cross Sectional Study of Vitamin D Levels in Western Rajasthan and Meta-Analysis for Estimation of Vitamin D Levels.

Many studies showed Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in healthy individuals. We planned to study the normal levels of Vitamin D in healthy individuals and make recommendation for defining deficiency of 25(OH)D in Indian population. ormal healthy subjects 18 to 60 years of age were included.

Targeted detection of sequence variants in cell-free DNA from cerebrospinal fluid in pediatric central nervous system tumors.

The emergence of liquid biopsy technologies holds great promise in the cancer setting, including in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In contrast to broad lower-depth sequencing, commonly referred to as low pass whole genome sequencing (WGS), targeted platforms with a higher depth of coverage have also been established. Here, we review targeted liquid biopsy techniques with applicability to pediatric CNS tumors.

Low-cost microvascular phantom for photoacoustic imaging using loofah.

Significance: Existing photoacoustic phantoms are unable to mimic complex microvascular structures with varying sizes and distributions. A suitable material with structures that mimic intricate microvascular networks is needed.

Aim: Our aim is to introduce loofah as a natural phantom material with complex fiber networks ranging from 50 to , enabling the fabrication of phantoms with controlled optical properties comparable to those of human microvasculature.

What 'unexplored' means: mapping regions with digitized natural history records to look for 'biodiversity blindspots'.

We examined global records of accessible natural history voucher collections (with publicly available data and reliable locality data) for terrestrial and freshwater vascular plants, fungi, freshwater fishes, birds, mammals, and herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) and highlight areas of the world that would be considered undersampled and sometimes called 'unexplored' (., have relatively low, or no evidence of, past sampling efforts) under typical Western-scientific descriptions. We also question what 'unexplored' may mean in these contexts and explain how replacing the term in favor of more nuanced phrasing (.

Delays in Blood Work and Disease Burden: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unmet Blood Work Need and Seven Key Health Conditions Across 21 Countries.

Objectives: This study analyzes survey data across 21 countries to explore correlations between delays in blood testing and the prevalence of seven health conditions: thalassaemias, sickle cell disorders, malaria, HIV, high fasting plasma glucose, impaired kidney function, and high LDL cholesterol.

Methods: We analyzed Pandemic Recovery Survey data via multivariable logistic regression to compare blood test delays between individuals with and without medical conditions, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors. We also examined the disease burden using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and summary exposure values (SEV) rates.

The potential impact of exercise on affect and neuroinflammation in older adults living with fibromyalgia: a scoping review.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a widespread chronic pain condition with prevalence increasing in older adults. Older adults living with FM experience longer pain symptom durations that can negatively impact their quality of life. Affect and neuroinflammation are potential factors that can exacerbate pain symptoms.

Dysplasia and Colorectal Cancer Surveillance in Ulcerative Colitis Patients in Latin America: Real-World Data.

Background: The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is higher than in the general population, in Latin America there is a progressive increase of UC, and information about CRC screening in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the findings of endoscopic surveillance of CRC in patients with IBD according to available technology.

Methods: Multicenter, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted in Latin American countries, in patients with UC, predominantly with more than 8 years of diagnosis and different degrees of disease activity.

Mapping the evidence of self-compassion in caregiver wellbeing for caregivers of persons with neurodegenerative disease: A scoping review.

Objectives: Caregivers of those with neurodegenerative disease (ND) manage complex symptoms which impact their wellbeing. Self-compassion can promote maintenance of wellbeing during challenging experiences, including caregiving. Little guidance exists for observationally studying self-compassion or targeted interventions for this population.

Associations between dementia and exposure to topical glaucoma medications.

Background: Some studies have suggested that glaucoma may be associated with neurodegeneration and a higher risk of dementia.

Objective: To evaluate whether exposure to different categories of topical glaucoma medications is associated with differential dementia risks in people with glaucoma.

Methods: We used data from Adult Changes in Thought, a population-based, prospective cohort study that follows cognitively normal older adults from Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA) until Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia development.

Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Material in Peer-to-Peer Networks and Predictors of its Severity: Insights From Filenames.

The Internet has empowered millions of perpetrators who create and consume (CSAM), the current term replacing In this study, we coded data from a random sample of 2980 filenames from files shared in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks from U.S. IP addresses in 2021.