Decay in Physiologic Knowledge since Medical School among Critical Care Fellows (DIP Study).

Rapid accumulation of knowledge and skills by trainees in the intensive care unit assumes prior mastery of clinically relevant core physiology concepts. However, for many fellows, their foundational physiology knowledge was acquired years earlier during their preclinical medical curricula and variably reinforced during the remainder of their undergraduate and graduate medical training. We sought to assess the retention of clinically relevant pulmonary physiology knowledge among pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) and critical care medicine (CCM) fellows.

Sex Differences in Long COVID.

Importance: A substantial number of individuals worldwide experience long COVID, or post-COVID condition. Other postviral and autoimmune conditions have a female predominance, but whether the same is true for long COVID, especially within different subgroups, is uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate sex differences in the risk of developing long COVID among adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Oral vs Intravenous Antibiotics for Fracture-Related Infections: The POvIV Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a serious complication following fracture fixation surgery. Current treatment of FRIs entails debridement and 6 weeks of intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Lab data and retrospective clinical studies support use of oral antibiotics, which are less expensive and may have fewer complications than IV antibiotics.

Age, Sex, and Anatomical Location Patterns in Cutaneous Pyogenic Granuloma Cases.

Importance: Cutaneous pyogenic granulomas (PGs) are commonly encountered, benign, vascular tumors, in which epidemiologic factors have been variably reported, in part, due to sample size limitations and a focus on either adult or pediatric patients.

Objective: To assemble a large dataset of pathologically diagnosed PGs across the continuum of age and investigate patterns of PGs by demographic factors, including age, sex, and anatomical location.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective case series included case reports of patients with pathologically confirmed PGs of cutaneous origin reported between April 1, 2010, to March 31, 2020.

Depressive Symptoms and Amyloid Pathology.

Importance: Depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in older individuals. Uncertainty about underlying mechanisms hampers diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. This large-scale study aimed to elucidate the association between depressive symptoms and amyloid pathology.

Phase I trial of ATR inhibitor elimusertib with FOLFIRI in advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies (ETCTN 10406).

Background: ATR is an apical DDR kinase activated at damaged replication forks. Elimusertib is an oral ATR inhibitor and potentiates irinotecan in human colorectal cancer models.

Methods: To establish dose and tolerability of elimusertib with FOLFIRI, a Bayesian Optimal Interval trial design was pursued.

Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV.

Background: Aging-related comorbidities are more common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to people without HIV. The gut microbiome may play a role in healthy aging; however, this relationship remains unexplored in the context of HIV.

Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool from 1409 women (69% with HIV; 2304 samples) and 990 men (54% with HIV; 1008 samples) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study.

A systematic review to determine the effect of strategies to sustain chronic disease prevention interventions in clinical and community settings.

This review assessed the effect of strategies designed to sustain the delivery of evidenced based interventions (EBIs) which target behavioural risk factors linked to leading causes of chronic disease in clinical and community settings. Seven electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled studies published from earliest record to November 2022. Studies were included if they tested a strategy to sustain the delivery of an EBI within clinical or community settings.

Preventing inappropriate signals pre- and post-ligand perception by a toggle switch mechanism of ERECTA.

Dynamic control of signaling events requires swift regulation of receptors at an active state. By focusing on the Arabidopsis ERECTA (ER) receptor kinase, which perceives peptide ligands to control multiple developmental processes, we report a mechanism preventing inappropriate receptor activity. The ER C-terminal tail (ER_CT) functions as an autoinhibitory domain: Its removal confers higher kinase activity and hyperactivity during inflorescence and stomatal development.

Comparative Effectiveness of Amniotic and Chorionic Grafts in the Treatment of Lower-Extremity Diabetic Ulcers Using U.S. Medicare Real-World Evidence (2018-2022): A Retrospective Observational Cohort.

Lower-extremity diabetic ulcers (LEDUs) affect more than 500,000 U.S. Medicare beneficiaries each year.

A Lack of Joint Line Tenderness Is Consistent With a Healed Meniscus, But Positive Clinical Examination Findings and MRI Scans Are Inconsistent in Identifying Failure After Meniscal Repair: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-analysis.

Background: The number of meniscal repairs being completed each year is increasing; however, the optimal, cost-effective postoperative assessment to determine the success or failure of a meniscal repair is not well known.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the clinical examination testing that correlates with objective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or second-look arthroscopy (SLA) findings to determine an optimal clinical workup for assessing postoperative meniscal repair healing. It was hypothesized that specific clinical tests would correlate with meniscal repairs that did not heal.

Aging platelets shift their hemostatic properties to inflammatory functions.

Platelets are crucial players in hemostasis and thrombosis, but also contribute to immune regulation and host defense, using different receptors, signaling pathways and effector functions, respectively. Whether distinct subsets of platelets specialize in these diverse tasks is insufficiently understood. Here, we employed an in vivo pulse-labelling method in Mus musculus models for tracking in vivo platelet ageing and its functional implications.

High-pressure continuous culturing: life at the extreme.

Microorganisms adapted to high hydrostatic pressures at depth in the oceans and within the subsurface of Earth's crust represent a phylogenetically diverse community thriving under extreme pressure, temperature, and nutrient availability conditions. To better understand the microbial function, physiological responses, and metabolic strategies at conditions requires high-pressure (HP) continuous culturing techniques that, although commonly used in bioengineering and biotechnology applications, remain relatively rare in the study of the Earth's microbiomes. Here, we focus on recent developments in the design of HP chemostats, with particular emphasis on adaptations for delivery and sampling of dissolved gases.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 years in rural America, by Census region and select demographic characteristics: 2020.

Purpose: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are a significant public health concern characterized by memory decline that, over time, leads to loss of independence. This study reports ADRD diagnosis rates among Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 years in rural America.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage enrollees using administrative Medicare data from 2020.

LEA_4 motifs function alone and in conjunction with synergistic cosolutes to protect a labile enzyme during desiccation.

Organisms from all kingdoms of life depend on Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins to survive desiccation. LEA proteins are divided into broad families distinguished by the presence of family-specific motif sequences. The LEA_4 family, characterized by 11-residue motifs, plays a crucial role in the desiccation tolerance of numerous species.

Atomistic Mechanism of Lipid Membrane Binding for Blood Coagulation Factor VIII with Molecular Dynamics Simulations on a Microsecond Time Scale.

During the blood coagulation cascade, coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is activated by thrombin to form activated factor VIII (FVIIIa). FVIIIa associates with platelet surfaces at the site of vascular damage to form an intrinsic tenase complex with activated factor IX. A working model for FVIII membrane binding involves the association of positively charged FVIII residues with negatively charged lipid headgroups and the burial of hydrophobic residues into the membrane interior.

What Are the Implications of Choosing a TAVR-First Strategy in the Lifetime Management of Aortic Stenosis?: A Critical Review of TAVR-Explant- and Redo-TAVR.

Some patients with aortic stenosis may require multiple valve interventions in their lifetime, and choosing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as the initial intervention may be appealing to many. If their transcatheter heart valve degenerates later in life, most will hope to undergo redo-TAVR. However, if redo-TAVR is not feasible, some may have to undergo surgical explantation of their transcatheter heart valve (TAVR-explant).

Identification of 39 stripe rust resistance loci in a panel of 465 winter wheat entries presumed to have high-temperature adult-plant resistance through genome-wide association mapping and marker-assisted detection.

Stripe rust of wheat is a serious disease caused by f. sp. ().

Wildland fire entrainment: The missing link between wildland fire and its environment.

Wildfires are growing in destructive power, and accurately predicting the spread and intensity of wildland fire is essential for managing ecological and societal impacts. No current operational models used for fire behavior prediction resolve critical fire-atmospheric coupling or nonlocal influences of the fire environment, rendering them inadequate in accounting for the range of wildland fire behavior scenarios under increasingly novel fuel and climate conditions. Here, we present a new perspective on a dominant fire-atmospheric feedback mechanism, which we term wildland fire entrainment (WFE).

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Adult Survivors of Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancers: A Missed Opportunity.

Introduction Studies assessing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancers are sparse. We examined HPV vaccine uptake between survivors of CAYA cancer aged 18-35 and 18-35-year-old respondents without a cancer diagnosis in the United States. Methods We used the 2017-2018 National Health Interview Survey, a national, annual cross-sectional national dataset that monitors health-related information on the non-institutionalized civilian population in the United States.

Phylogenomics and a new classification of the tropical genus L. (Monocots, Zingiberales, Heliconiaceae).

Members of the genus L. (Heliconiaceae) have evolved complex interactions with both insect herbivores and hummingbird pollinators in tropical forests and secondary growth where they are abundant and diverse. Many of these same species have also been cultivated as ornamentals around the world for hundreds of years because of their extraordinary colors and forms.

Magnitude and dynamics of the T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection at both individual and population levels.

Introduction: T cells are involved in the early identification and clearance of viral infections and also support the development of antibodies by B cells. This central role for T cells makes them a desirable target for assessing the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: Here, we combined two high-throughput immune profiling methods to create a quantitative picture of the T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2.

Characterizing executive functioning and associated behaviors in individuals with dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A () syndrome.

Introduction: , a protein kinase located on human chromosome 21, plays a role in postembryonic neuronal development and degeneration. Alterations to have been consistently associated with cognitive functioning and neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g.

Establishing a Just Culture: Implications for the Veterans Health Administration Journey to High Reliability.

Background: To establish a culture of safety and improve patient care, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is identifying and implementing necessary parameters and objectives across the health care landscape to enhance services on its journey to becoming a high reliability organization (HRO).

Methods: This quality improvement initiative sought to increase the understanding of factors that influence the establishment and sustainment of a just culture and identify specific methods for improving their implementation. Focus groups of HRO leads at 16 VHA hospital facilities identified emergent themes, facilitators, and barriers to maintaining a just culture and developed recommendations for enhancing both psychological safety and accountabilitity.