The sustenance and retention of perspectival shape representations.

When we are presented with a coin rotated in depth, although we perceive its objective circular shape, the original perspectival shape is nonetheless represented in the visual system. Here we investigated the onset time and duration of such perspectival representation by systematically manipulating stimuli presentation time vs. post-stimuli retention time.

Thermomagnetic Anomalies by Magnonic Criticality in Ultracold Atomic Transport.

We investigate thermomagnetic transport in an ultracold atomic system with two ferromagnets linked via a magnetic quantum point contact. Using the nonequilibrium Green's function approach, we show a divergence in spin conductance and a slowing down of spin relaxation that manifest in the weak effective-Zeeman-field limit. These anomalous spin dynamics result from the magnonic critical point at which magnons become gapless due to spontaneous magnetization.

Selective C-N Bond Cleavage in Unstrained Pyrrolidines Enabled by Lewis Acid and Photoredox Catalysis.

Cleavage of inert C-N bonds in unstrained azacycles such as pyrrolidine remains a formidable challenge in synthetic chemistry. To address this, we introduce an effective strategy for the reductive cleavage of the C-N bond in -benzoyl pyrrolidine, leveraging a combination of Lewis acid and photoredox catalysis. This method involves single-electron transfer to the amide, followed by site-selective cleavage at the C2-N bond.

Implicit semantics gates visual awareness.

The current study asked whether impoverished peripheral vision led to perception immune from word-based semantic influences. We leveraged a peripheral sound-induced flash illusion. In each trial, two or three Mandarin characters were flashed quickly in the periphery with number-congruent or -incongruent beeps.

Accelerated Decay due to Operator Spreading in Bulk-Dissipated Quantum Systems.

Markovian open many-body quantum systems display complicated relaxation dynamics. The spectral gap of the Liouvillian characterizes the asymptotic decay rate towards the stationary state, but it has recently been pointed out that the spectral gap does not necessarily determine the overall relaxation time. Our understanding on the relaxation process before the asymptotically long-time regime is still limited.

Phylogenetic Profiling Analysis of the Phycobilisome Revealed a Novel State-Transition Regulator Gene in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Phycobilisomes play a crucial role in the light-harvesting mechanisms of cyanobacteria, red algae and glaucophytes, but the molecular mechanism of their regulation is largely unknown. In the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, we identified slr0244 as a phycobilisome-related gene using phylogenetic profiling analysis, a method used to predict gene function based on comparative genomics.

Aberrant regulation of serine metabolism drives extracellular vesicle release and cancer progression.

Cancer cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) to regulate cells in the tumor microenvironment to benefit their own growth and survive in the patient's body. Although emerging evidence has demonstrated the molecular mechanisms of EV release, regulating cancer-specific EV secretion remains challenging. In this study, we applied a microRNA library to reveal the universal mechanisms of EV secretion from cancer cells.

Acoustomagnonic Spin Hall Effect in Honeycomb Antiferromagnets.

The recently discovered Van der Waals antiferromagnets have suffered from the lack of a comprehensive method to study their magnetic properties. Here, we propose an ac intrinsic magnon spin Hall current driven by surface acoustic waves as a novel probe for such antiferromagnets. Our results pave the way towards mechanical detection and manipulation of the magnetic order in two-dimensional antiferromagnets.

Neural representations of perspectival shapes and attentional effects: Evidence from fMRI and MEG.

Does the human brain represent perspectival shapes, i.e., viewpoint-dependent object shapes, especially in relatively higher-level visual areas such as the lateral occipital cortex? What is the temporal profile of the appearance and disappearance of neural representations of perspectival shapes? And how does attention influence these neural representations? To answer these questions, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and multivariate decoding techniques to investigate spatiotemporal neural representations of perspectival shapes.

Palladium-Catalyzed Denitrative Synthesis of Aryl Nitriles from Nitroarenes and Organocyanides.

A denitrative cyanation of nitroarenes using organocyanides and a palladium catalyst was developed. The key for this reaction was the utilization of an aminoacetonitrile as a cyano source to avoid the generation of stoichiometric metal- and halogen-containing chemical waste. A wide range of nitroarenes, including heteroarenes and pharmaceutical molecules, can be converted into aryl nitriles.

Impacts of tissue context on extracellular vesicles-mediated cancer-host cell communications.

Tumor tissue is densely packed with cancer cells, non-cancerous cells, and ECM, forming functional structures. Cancer cells transfer extracellular vesicles (EVs) to modify surrounding normal cells into cancer-promoting cells, establishing a tumor-favorable environment together with other signaling molecules and structural components. Such tissue environments largely affect cancer cell properties, and so as EV-mediated cellular communications within tumor tissue.

Epithelial recognition and elimination against aberrant cells.

Epithelial cells, which are non-immune cells, not only function as a physical defence barrier but also continuously monitor and eliminate aberrant epithelial cells in their vicinity. In other words, it has become evident that epithelial cells possess immune cell-like functions. In fact, recent research has revealed that epithelial cells recognise the Major Histocompatibility Complex I (MHC-I) of aberrant cells as a mechanism for surveillance.

DeepRaccess: high-speed RNA accessibility prediction using deep learning.

RNA accessibility is a useful RNA secondary structural feature for predicting RNA-RNA interactions and translation efficiency in prokaryotes. However, conventional accessibility calculation tools, such as Raccess, are computationally expensive and require considerable computational time to perform transcriptome-scale analysis. In this study, we developed DeepRaccess, which predicts RNA accessibility based on deep learning methods.

Towards a simple mathematical model for the legal concept of balancing of interests.

Unlabelled: We propose simple nonlinear mathematical models for the legal concept of balancing of interests. Our aim is to bridge the gap between an abstract formalisation of a balancing decision while assuring consistency and ultimately legal certainty across cases. We focus on the conflict between the rights to privacy and to the protection of personal data in Art.

Practice makes imperfect: stronger implicit interference with practice in individuals at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

Early screening to determine patient risk of developing Alzheimer's will allow better interventions and planning but necessitates accessible methods such as behavioral biomarkers. Previously, we showed that cognitively healthy older individuals whose cerebrospinal fluid amyloid/tau ratio indicates high risk of cognitive decline experienced implicit interference during a high-effort task, signaling early changes in attention. To further investigate attention's effect on implicit interference, we analyzed two experiments completed sequentially by the same high- and low-risk individuals.

Concise Synthesis of (±)-Fortuneicyclidins and (±)-Cephalotine B Enabled by Pd-Catalyzed Dearomative Spirocyclization.

Total syntheses of C11-oxygenated Cephalotaxus alkaloids, fortuneicyclidins A and B, and cephalotine B, were achieved. The key for the synthesis is a Pd-catalyzed dearomative spirocyclization of bromofurans with N-tosylhydrazones, followed by acid-mediated tandem transformation to construct the tetracyclic skeleton with the C11-oxygen functional group. Chemo-selective and catalytic functional group conversions of the tetracyclic intermediate completed the synthesis of fortuneicyclidins and cephalotine B in 8 and 9 steps, respectively.

Practice makes imperfect: stronger implicit interference with practice in individuals at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

Early screening to determine patient risk of developing Alzheimer's will allow better interventions and planning but necessitates accessible methods such as behavioral biomarkers. Previously, we showed that cognitively healthy older individuals whose cerebrospinal fluid amyloid / tau ratio indicates high risk of cognitive decline experienced implicit interference during a high-effort task, signaling early changes in attention. To further investigate attention's effect on implicit interference, we analyzed two experiments completed sequentially by the same high- and low-risk individuals.

Chloroacetyl boronate -tosylhydrazone as a versatile synthetic building block.

Chloroacetyl boronate -tosylhydrazone (CABT) has been synthesized as a reagent to generate a diverse range of molecular skeletons. CABT can undergo a series of transformations involving nucleophilic substitution of the chloride and coupling of the -tosylhydrazones, followed by boryl group functionalization. We further demonstrated that this CABT reagent could enable a diversity-oriented synthesis.