7,019 results match your criteria: "Warwick Medical School[Affiliation]"

Background: British soldiers undergoing jungle training in Belize typically experience a relatively low risk of developing cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, an uncharacteristically large outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred in 2022. This study aimed to determine the cumulative incidence of the disease and highlight potential shortcomings in personal protective measures to mitigate exposure to sand fly vector bites.

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Uptake of health economic evaluations alongside clinical trials in Australia: an observational study.

Trials

October 2024

Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Background: Australia's clinical trials sector is highly productive with continued sector investment needed to enhance research impact. Generating economic evidence alongside trials has the potential to facilitate the implementation of trial results into practice. Ascertaining the use of health economic evaluations alongside clinical trials can assist in determining whether clinical trials fully realize and operationalize their potential to change policy and practice.

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Reply to: Hypothermic cardiac arrest: Criteria for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Resuscitation

November 2024

Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.

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Objective: Work with older patients and their carers to co-design a tool that improves patient - general practice communication and continuity of care following discharge of an older person from hospital.

Methods: Experience Based Co-Design with three teams of six to seven lay people (older patients and their carers), each supported by a corresponding general practice group. The process included an implementation-focused event with participants using the intervention in a live role-play.

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Income and education disparities in childhood malnutrition: a multi-country decomposition analysis.

BMC Public Health

October 2024

Warwick Centre for Global Health, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.

Introduction: Childhood malnutrition is a complex issue with a range of contributing factors. The consequences of malnutrition are severe, particularly for children. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to inequality gaps in childhood malnutrition.

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Article Synopsis
  • Cases of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza are increasing, with a high mortality rate of 60% in humans, although no human infections have been reported in Malaysian Borneo despite circulation in local poultry and migratory birds.
  • Deforestation in coastal areas may bring humans closer to these migratory birds, raising the risk of zoonotic spillover events, where diseases jump from animals to humans.
  • A recent survey of over 10,000 individuals found evidence of exposure to H5 viruses, indicating potential human contact with the virus, and emphasizes the need for enhanced surveillance of cross-species pathogen transmission in areas where humans and migratory birds interact.
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Article Synopsis
  • A significant number of people with diabetes develop chronic kidney disease (CKD), which often leads to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and is highly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
  • Managing modifiable risk factors, such as hyperglycemia and hypertension, along with treating dyslipidemia is vital for patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD to reduce the risk of CVD.
  • Recent clinical trials demonstrate that medications like SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists can help protect kidney function in these patients, informing updated clinical practice guidelines for healthcare professionals.
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Many autistic children have feeding problems, typically eating a limited range of foods. Feeding problems affect quality of life, health, and development. Research suggests that parents are often unsure when to or whether to seek help.

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Background: Rapid public defibrillation with automated external defibrillators (AEDs) is critical to improving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival. Concerns about AED theft and vandalism have led to implementing security measures, including locked cabinets. This scoping review, conducted as part of the evidence review for the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, explores the impact of securing AEDs in locked cabinets.

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Human Claustrum Connections: Robust In Vivo Detection by DWI-Based Tractography in Two Large Samples.

Hum Brain Mapp

October 2024

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • - Despite significant research on the claustrum's role in the mammalian brain, studies on its connections in humans are limited due to its complex anatomy and challenges in imaging techniques.
  • - The study used deep-learning segmentation and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-based tractography on two large groups of healthy adults to explore claustrum connectivity.
  • - Results showed consistent and replicable connections between the claustrum and various brain regions across different subjects, enhancing the understanding of claustrum connectivity and its implications for health and disease.
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Article Synopsis
  • - Antibiotic-resistant infections are a major global health concern, causing over 700,000 deaths annually, leading to the development of ePAMS+, an ePrescribing tool aimed at improving antibiotic usage and combating resistance in healthcare settings.
  • - A non-randomised trial was conducted in two English hospitals during the pandemic to assess the feasibility and usability of ePAMS+, involving interviews and quantitative data collection to evaluate its implementation and effects on antibiotic prescribing practices.
  • - Results from 60 interviews and nearly 2,000 patient admissions indicated some aspects of ePAMS+ were well-received, though improvements are needed for certain features, highlighting both the potential and challenges of adopting this antimicrobial stewardship tool in clinical settings.
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Cryo-EM structures of cardiac muscle α-actin mutants M305L and A331P give insights into the structural mechanisms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Eur J Cell Biol

December 2024

Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address:

Cardiac muscle α-actin is a key protein of the thin filament in the muscle sarcomere that, together with myosin thick filaments, produce force and contraction important for normal heart function. Missense mutations in cardiac muscle α-actin can cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a complex disorder of the heart characterized by hypercontractility at the molecular scale that leads to diverse clinical phenotypes. While the clinical aspects of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms of missense mutations in cardiac muscle α-actin that cause the disease remain largely elusive.

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Objectives: We aimed to identify ethnicity-specific BMI and waist circumference cutoffs for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to define optimal thresholds for CVD risk and subjective wellbeing (SWB) through predictive modelling, to inform precise public health initiatives.

Methods: We used data from 296,767 UK Biobank participants and adjusted logistic and linear regression models for CVD and SWB, respectively, complemented by receiver operating characteristic analysis, to explore optimal risk thresholds of CVD in six different ethnic groups and to calculate ethnicity-specific cutoffs of BMI and waist circumference (WC) to further elucidate the relationships between demographic factors and cardiovascular risk among diverse populations.

Results: The logistic regression model of CVD revealed moderate discriminative ability (AUROC ~ 64-65%) across ethnicities for CVD status, with sensitivity and specificity values indicating the model's predictive accuracy.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Comparative effectiveness research (CER) helps in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs versus existing treatments, aiding better healthcare decisions and aligning new therapies with patient needs.
  • - A systematic literature review was conducted to gather existing regulatory and health technology assessment guidelines for CER, ultimately identifying the absence of clear analytical approaches tailored to specific situations.
  • - To address this gap, a methods flowchart was created to guide analysts in choosing appropriate CER methodologies, fostering consistent research quality and supporting evidence-based healthcare decisions.
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Aim: Our aim was to translate and culturally adapt three evidence-informed leaflets on the work-health interface from English into Norwegian. Integral to this aim was the exploration of the quality and acceptability of each of the adapted leaflets to Norwegian-speaking stakeholders; general practitioners, people who deal with health issues in the workplace, and the general population.

Background: Common health problems, such as musculoskeletal pain, account for most workdays lost and disability benefits in Norway.

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RNA sequencing reveals molecular mechanisms of endometriosis lesion development in mice.

Dis Model Mech

October 2024

Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.

Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the molecular mechanisms behind endometriosis by using a mouse model with decidualized endometrial tissue injected to create endometriosis-like lesions.
  • - Researchers conducted high throughput mRNA sequencing to analyze gene expression in both decidualized tissue and lesions at two time points, identifying key genes and pathways involved in the disease.
  • - The findings highlight distinct gene expression patterns and suggest new potential regulators and genes not previously linked to endometriosis, indicating new avenues for understanding and researching the disease.
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Survival rates in pregnancies complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome undergoing laser therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Survival rates in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.

Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM

October 2024

Fetal Medicine Unit, Saint George's Hospital, London, UK; Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK; Twins and Multiples Centre for Research and Clinical Excellence; Fetal Medicine Unit, Liverpool Women's Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) can cause problems for both babies, and doctors want to understand how severe it is to help with survival rates after treatment.
  • They reviewed a lot of studies to see how well both twins survive depending on the severity of TTTS, which is measured in stages.
  • The results showed that around 73% of twins survive when TTTS is stage I, but the survival drops to about 48% and 53% for stages III and IV, which are more severe.
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Article Synopsis
  • Pregnant women and their babies are more likely to get really sick if they catch an illness, but not enough women are getting vaccines for things like the flu and Covid-19 during pregnancy.
  • This research looked at what midwives in the UK think about discussing vaccines with pregnant women and how they can help women decide to get vaccinated.
  • The study found that midwives need clear information about vaccines and should explain why they are important so that pregnant women can make better choices about getting vaccinated.
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"Backlash!"? A qualitative exploration of hospice palliative care staff's ongoing experiences of "living with covid".

Palliat Care Soc Pract

September 2024

Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Medical School Building, Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • The study looked at how hospice staff in the UK deal with the ongoing effects of Covid-19 while caring for patients with serious illnesses.
  • Staff shared their mixed feelings about living with Covid-19, wanting to remember the challenges but also hoping to move on and adapt to new ways of working.
  • The pandemic made it harder for staff to find the best ways to support vulnerable patients, leading to uncertainty about keeping them safe while still providing care.
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Article Synopsis
  • * Recent efforts to stop smoking haven't been put into action yet, and it’s important to see what could happen if smoking rates stay the same or improve.
  • * Researchers used models to predict health outcomes by 2050 based on different scenarios of smoking rates, showing that cutting smoking could greatly improve health and life expectancy.
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Article Synopsis
  • Chronic migraine affects 2-4% of adults globally and recent advances in expensive medications have prompted a review of their clinical and cost-effectiveness.
  • The study analyzed data from randomised controlled trials involving 7352 adults and compared six different medications, including calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies, Botox, and topiramate, against placebo.
  • Results showed that calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies ranked highest in reducing headache days and improving quality of life, while topiramate was less effective compared to these newer treatments.
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Background: The Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment (ReSPECT) includes agreed clinical recommendations for a person's care in a future emergency which have been informed by discussion of the person's preferences. Previous evaluation of ReSPECT plans in acute NHS hospitals found inconsistencies in recording patient's preferences and involvement in the plan, and infrequent justification for recommendations.

Aim: To explore to what extent ReSPECT recommendations reflect individual preferences, as documented in the plan.

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Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significant morbidity/mortality. AF-ablation is an increasingly used treatment. Currently, first-time AF-ablation success is 40-80% at 1-year, depending on individual factors.

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Background: is a species of the insect pathogenic genus that has been isolated as an etiological agent in human infections. Since then, multiple isolates have been identified worldwide; however, actual clinical infections have so far only been identified in North America, Australia, and Nepal. Previous research on the clinical isolates had shown that the strains differed in their behaviour when infecting cultured human cells.

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