Affect recognition among adolescents in therapeutic schools: relationships with posttraumatic stress disorder and conduct disorder symptoms.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms often co-occur in adolescence, but little is known about whether they show common or distinct emotional processing deficits.

Method: We examined the effects of PTSD and CD symptoms on facial affect processing in youth with emotional and behavior problems. Teens enrolled in therapeutic day schools (N = 371; ages 13-19) completed a structured diagnostic assessment and the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy-2 facial affect recognition task.

A microRNA-328 binding site in PAX6 is associated with centrotemporal spikes of rolandic epilepsy.

Objective: Rolandic epilepsy is a common genetic focal epilepsy of childhood characterized by centrotemporal sharp waves on electroencephalogram. In previous genome-wide analysis, we had reported linkage of centrotemporal sharp waves to chromosome 11p13, and fine mapping with 44 SNPs identified the ELP4-PAX6 locus in two independent US and Canadian case-control samples. Here, we aimed to find a causative variant for centrotemporal sharp waves using a larger sample and higher resolution genotyping array.

Methylation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (NR3C1) in Placenta Is Associated with Infant Cry Acoustics.

Epigenetic mechanisms regulating expression of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) promoter may influence behavioral and biological aspects of stress response in human infants. Acoustic features of infant crying are an indicator of neurobehavioral and neurological status not yet investigated in relation to epigenetic mechanisms. We examined NR3C1 methylation in placental tissue from a series of 120 healthy newborn infants in relation to a detailed set of acoustic features extracted from newborn infant cries.

Prenatal predictors of infant self-regulation: the contributions of placental DNA methylation of NR3C1 and neuroendocrine activity.

We examined whether placental DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, NR3C1 was associated with self-regulation and neuroendocrine responses to a social stressor in infancy. Placenta samples were obtained at birth and mothers and their infants (n = 128) participated in the still-face paradigm when infants were 5 months old. Infant self-regulation following the still-face episode was coded and pre-stress cortisol and cortisol reactivity was assessed in response to the still-face paradigm.

Cobalt toxicity after revision to a metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty for fracture of ceramic acetabular component.

Cobalt metallosis after revision metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty for catastrophic failure of ceramic components is uncommon but a potentially devastating complication. Common findings associated with heavy metal toxicity include cardiomyopathy, hypothyroidism, skin rashes, visual disturbances, hearing changes, polycythemia, weakness, fatigue, cognitive deterioration, and neuropathy. We report a case of a 57-year-old woman who presented with complaints of progressively worsening hip pain, fatigue, memory loss, lower extremity sensory loss, persistent tachycardia, and ocular changes 5 years after synovectomy and revision of a failed ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty to metal-on-polyethylene components.

Report of a family with idiopathic knuckle pads and review of idiopathic and disease-associated knuckle pads.

Knuckle pads are a rare, frequently overlooked, thickening of the skin usually overlying the extensor surface of the proximal interphalangeal joints. They are well- circumscribed, benign lesions that generally do not require treatment. Idiopathic knuckle pads must be differentiated from similar appearing lesions or trauma-induced pseudo-knuckle pads.

Chapter 6: Nasal polyps.

Nasal polyps occur in 1-4% of the population, usually occurring in the setting of an underlying local or systemic disease. The most common associated condition is chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A high prevalence of nasal polyps is also seen in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and cystic fibrosis.

Weight loss amelioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis linked to shifts in hepatic ceramide expression and serum ceramide levels.

Aim:   Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with increased hepatic insulin resistance. Ceramides and other toxic sphingolipids promote inflammation, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance; however, the role of ceramides in the pathogenesis of NASH has not been determined. This study characterizes expression of ceramide-related genes in human livers with NASH and examines the effects of weight loss on NASH and pro-ceramide gene expression in liver.

Tension pneumoperitoneum during routine colonoscopy.

Colonoscopy is generally a safe and effective means to detect, diagnose, and treat colonic abnormalities. Although the overall complication rate is low, the morbidity and mortality following perforation approach 50%. Here we present a case of a 49-year-old woman undergoing routine colonoscopy when she suffered bowel perforation and tension pneumoperitoneum.

Uses of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynecology.

Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E(1) analogue that is used off-label for a variety of indications in the practice of obstetrics and gynecology, including medication abortion, medical management of miscarriage, induction of labor, cervical ripening before surgical procedures, and the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Due to its wide-ranging applications in reproductive health, misoprostol is on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines. This article briefly reviews the varied uses of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynecology.

Laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Since the introduction of the laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) procedure by Clayman et al in 1991, the role of laparoscopy in the field of urology has continued to evolve over the last decade with the ever increasing complexity of operations performed. LN involves a myriad of procedures including simple, donor and radical nephrectomy. Furthermore, as reported by Nakada et al in 1997, LN may be performed with hand-assistance.