Comparative lipid profiling reveals the differential response of distinct lipid subclasses in blast and blunt-induced mild traumatic brain injury.

Head trauma from blast exposure is a growing health concern, particularly among active military personnel, and is considered the signature injury of the Gulf War. However, it remains elusive whether fundamental differences exist between blast-related traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and TBI due to other mechanisms. Considering the importance of lipid metabolism associated with neuronal membrane integrity and its compromise during TBI, we sought to find changes in lipidomic profiling during blast or blunt (Stereotaxically Controlled Contusison-SCC)-mediated TBI.

The Development of a Certification and Grading Procedure for German SCI Units.

Background/objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) care in Germany was established after the Second World War, following Guttman's philosophy that post-SCI rehabilitation should not be separated from the acute treatment phase. Reimbursement is negotiated with only rudimentary eligibility requirements. Over time, however, more and more centers have emerged that offer "only" rehabilitation.

The effects of war-related experiences on mental health symptoms of individuals living in conflict zones: a longitudinal study.

On October 7, 2023, a large-scale attack in southern Israel and the subsequent war resulted in extensive loss of life and injuries, with many individuals experiencing traumatic losses, such as family members or close friends being killed or kidnapped. This study aims to longitudinally examine its effects on mental health, specifically, clinical symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We anticipated greater symptom severity among individuals who experienced traumatic loss, were forcibly displaced, or suffered income loss, as well as among women and members of ethnic minorities.

Characteristics and survival of hospitalized combat casualties during two major conflicts between Israel and Hamas: 2023 versus 2014.

Background: In the complex landscape of modern warfare, understanding combat-related injuries leading to hospitalization is crucial for optimizing injury treatment. This study aims to compare combat casualty characteristics and outcomes during the major conflicts between Israel and Hamas in 2023 and 2014 as a basis for understanding the effectiveness of trauma care practices for wounded soldiers.

Methods: A cohort study of soldiers hospitalized due to combat injuries during two major wars between Israel and Hamas in 2023 and 2014, using data from the Israeli National Trauma Registry.

Moral injury appraisals and PTSD symptoms in treatment-seeking refugees: a latent profile analysis.

Refugees flee from countries due to war, violence, or persecution and are often exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs). Furthermore, they might encounter situations where they are compelled to act contrary to their moral codes or witness others acting morally wrong. Consequently, they are at risk to not only develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but also moral injury (MI).

Trimodal brain imaging: A novel approach for simultaneous investigation of human brain function.

While advancements have improved the extent to which individual brain imaging approaches capture information regarding spatial or temporal dynamics of brain activity, the connections between these aspects and their relation to psychological functioning remain only partially understood. Acquisition and integration across multiple brain imaging modalities allows for the possible clarification of these connections. The present review provides an overview of three complementary modalities - functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography/event-related potentials (EEG/ERP), and event-related optical signals (EROS) - and discusses progress and considerations for each modality, along with a summary of a novel protocol for acquiring them simultaneously.

Role of radiation emergency medicine: historical view-a perspective on the past, present, and future.

The more science progresses, the more life and society change. Medicine also changes with the times and the culture. This is also true for radiation emergency medicine, which includes dose-assessment leading to diagnosis, treatment, medical follow-up and prognosis of persons who have developed acute injury or illness due to radioactive contamination or radiation exposure.

Visualized trends and bibliometric analysis in ankle cartilage repair from 2004 to 2024.

Ankle cartilage injuries are a common sports-related condition that significantly impairs patients' daily activities and imposes substantial economic burdens on both families and society. Effective cartilage repair strategies are crucial to addressing this pathological condition. Current conservative treatments include muscle strengthening, use of ankle braces, physical therapy, and the administration of NSAIDs.

Civilian pattern of injuries in armed conflicts - a systematic review.

Background: War causes severe suffering and harm to the civilian population. Knowledge about civilian injury patterns constitutes a part of the dimensioned planning and preparedness for medical care and civilian defence in times of war. This systematic review is conducted on request from The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare and includes civilian injury patterns in modern war.

Assault rifle injuries in civilians: ballistics of wound patterns, assessment and initial management.

Purpose: Wounds from assault rifles and their commercial offspring have been encountered with increasing frequency in civilian practice. Our aim is to summarize wound ballistics related to the main injury patterns that can also affect management strategies.

Methods: An online search of the PubMed was conducted for research and review articles published after 2000 in English, using the MeSH terms "gunshot wounds", "mass casualty incidents", "war-related injuries", "soft tissue injuries", "vascular system injuries", "colon injuries", "wound infection", "antibiotic prophylaxis", "debridement", "hemorrhage", "penetrating head injuries", "pneumothorax" and additional free-text terms.

Endovascular surgery in the French role 3 medical treatment facility: Is there a need? A 10-year retrospective analysis.

Objective: Vascular surgery for war-related traumatic injuries represents 3 to 17.6 % of all emergency surgical procedures, and around 5 % in French Medical Treatment Facilities (MTFs). Most of these lesions are treated by open surgery, but the role of endovascular surgery in French MTFs has not been assessed yet.

Thirty years of surveillance of depleted uranium-exposed Gulf War veterans demonstrate continued effects to bone health.

During the spring of 2024, 33 members of a group of Gulf War I veterans wounded in depleted uranium (DU) friendly-fire incidents were seen at the Baltimore VA Medical Center for surveillance related to their combat exposure. The cohort was assessed with a protocol which includes exposure monitoring for total and isotopic uranium (U) concentrations in urine and a comprehensive assessment of health outcomes including measures of bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD). An audiometry examination of the cohort was added to assess for acoustic trauma and toxic metal effects in this surveillance episode marking over 30 years since this exposure event.

Enteral Resuscitation: A Field-Expedient Treatment Strategy for Burn Shock during Wartime and in Other Austere Settings.

Burn injuries are a constant threat in war. Aspects of the modern battlefield increase the risk of burn injuries and pose challenges for early treatment. The initial resuscitation of a severely burn-injured patient often exceeds the resources available in front-line medical facilities.

Management of Fracture-Related Infection in Conflict Zones: Lessons Learned from Medical Missions to Gaza.

: Fracture-related infections (FRIs) are a significant complication in conflict zones, where limited resources and damaged infrastructure complicate orthopedic care. : This study retrospectively reviews the management of FRIs during medical missions to Gaza from April to July 2024. : Among 135 patients treated for war-related fractures, 30% were identified with suspected FRIs, which were primarily following explosive injuries.

Healing Amidst Conflict: The Perspective of an Israeli Family Physician During Wartime.

Family medicine is well-established in Israel and serves as the foundation of the Israeli health care system. On October 7, 2023, Israel experienced a profound shock and trauma when over 1,200 Israelis, including Jews, Christians, and Muslims of all ages, were brutally murdered, tortured, raped, burned alive, or taken hostage by Hamas terrorists from Gaza. This essay provides a contextual view from the vantage point of an Israeli family physician.

The Human Face of War.

Early Access article.

Management of combat-related extremity injuries in modern armed conflicts.

While the first conflicts of the 21st century involved asymmetric warfare in the fight against terrorism, recent geopolitical events require us to prepare for the possibility of high-intensity conflicts. Modern wounding agents mainly consist of explosive devices and high-velocity bullets. Every trauma surgeon must be familiar with the mechanisms of injury specific to armed conflicts.

Invasive Fungal Diseases of Combat Wounds: Burden, Epidemiology, and Mycology.

During the last two decades, wound invasive fungal diseases (WIFDs) have reemerged as important causes of mortality and morbidity in military personnel and civilian casualties in war areas. Historically, mycotic infections acquired in combat operations during Vietnam War and were associated with burn wounds. Modern combat related WIFDs are almost exclusively associated with severe traumatic events which encompass blast exposure as the primary mechanism of injury and subsequent extremity amputation and extensive blood loss.

Challenges and outcomes of airway surgery in a post-war low-resource setting: A case series from Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Objective: This study aims to document and analyze the challenges and outcomes of performing complex airway surgery in a low-resource, post-war setting in Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Methods: This prospective case series examines clinical data from five patients who underwent airway reconstruction surgeries and one patient who underwent total laryngectomy at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Mekelle. Data included patient demographics, airway stenosis etiology and severity, operative details, postoperative outcomes, complications, and hospital length of stay.

Contributions of the gut microbiota to Gulf War Illness susceptibility: Findings from a mouse model.

Aims: In light of the evidence supporting a significant role of the gut microbiome in Gulf War Illness (GWI) pathology, we sought to examine its contribution to GWI susceptibility in a mouse model. We also aimed to identify bacterial taxa and microbially-derived metabolites associated with disease susceptibility.

Main Methods: Male mice receiving pyridostigmine bromide (PB) orally, and controls were evaluated for symptoms of GWI at 8 weeks post-treatment.

Specific, Measurable, Action-Oriented, Realistic, and Timed Goals and the Personal Health Inventory in a Wellness Group for Veterans With GWI.

Background: Interventions based on the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) Whole Health (WH) initiative may be beneficial for veterans with Gulf War Illness (GWI) through specific, measurable, action-oriented, realistic, and timed (SMART) goal setting and monitoring of perceived goal attainment with the Personal Health Inventory (PHI).

Objectives: This secondary analysis of 2 randomized controlled trials focused on (1) categorizing SMART goals set during a wellness intervention based on the VHA's WH approach to identify goals most relevant for veterans with GWI and chronic pain and (2) descriptively examining the PHI over a course of treatment to assess its preliminary sensitivity to change. Also, changes in PHI for those who engaged in the intervention in-person versus remotely were compared.

Emotion processes in voice-hearers: Understanding differences in emotional reactivity, emotion regulation and alexithymia.

Objectives: Disrupted emotion processes are commonly linked to the onset and maintenance of auditory verbal hallucinations. However, a comprehensive approach using an extended emotion model has not previously been applied to voice-hearers to distinguish impairments in emotion processes from non-clinical populations. The present study hypothesised voice-hearers, as compared to controls, would have (1) higher reactivity to negative emotions and lower reactivity to positive emotions, (2) more difficulties regulating negative and positive emotions, (3) more maladaptive strategy use, and (4) higher alexithymia.