Antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of food-derived bioactive peptides in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Hypertension significantly impacts the survival and quality of life of animals, often leading to chronic kidney failure. Current clinical drugs used to manage hypertension carry the risk of causing adverse reactions. In contrast, certain natural peptides have demonstrated the ability to safely reduce blood pressure by inhibiting the production of angiotensin.

Antibacterial characteristics and mechanistic insights of combined tea polyphenols, Nisin, and epsilon-polylysine against feline oral pathogens: a comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis.

Aims: This study evaluates the antibacterial characteristics and mechanisms of combined tea polyphenols (TPs), Nisin, and ε-polylysine (PL) against Streptococcus canis, Streptococcus minor, Streptococcus mutans, and Actinomyces oris, common zoonotic pathogens in companion animals.

Methods And Results: Pathogenic strains were isolated from feline oral cavities and assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, inhibition zone assays, growth kinetics, and biofilm inhibition studies. Among single agents, PL exhibited the lowest MIC values against all four pathogens.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of prebiotics utilization by Bifidobacterium animalis.

In this study, the utilization mechanism of oligosaccharides by Bifidobacterium was investigated through the transcriptome sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics technology of Bifidobacterium animalis cultured with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). The results showed that FOS affected the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate binding transporters (ABC transporters) by increasing the expression levels of msmE, msmG, and gluA. Similarly, GOS improved aminoacyl-tRNA synthases by upregulating the expression of tRNA-Ala, tRNA-Pro, and tRNA-Met.

GABA/baclofen stabilizes PD-L1 and enhances immunotherapy of breast cancer.

The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of tumor cells binds to the receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on effector T cells, thereby inhibiting the anti-tumor immune response. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has been approved for the treatment of human cancers with lasting clinical benefit. However, many cancer patients did not respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody blocking therapy or drugs targeting PD-1/PD-L1.

D-mannose promotes the degradation of IDH2 through upregulation of RNF185 and suppresses breast cancer.

Background: D-mannose, an epimer of glucose, which is abundant in some fruits, such as cranberry, has been previously reported to inhibit urinary tract infection. In recent years, the potential function of D-mannose has been broadened into the regulation of other inflammation diseases and cancer. It was reported that D-mannose can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while IDH2 is important for the generation of NADPH, the crucial reducing factor.

CDK5 destabilizes PD-L1 via chaperon-mediated autophagy to control cancer immune surveillance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: In the past few years, immunotherapies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), have achieved durable clinical benefits. However, only a fraction of HCC patients showed objective clinical response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade alone. Despite the impact on post-translational modifications of PD-L1 being substantial, its significance in resistance to HCC immunotherapy remains poorly defined.

Casein phosphopeptide calcium chelation: preparation optimization, in vitro gastrointestinal simulated digestion, and peptide fragment exploration.

Background: Calcium is important in the formation of bones and teeth, cell metabolism, and other physiological activities. In this work, casein phosphopeptide-calcium chelate (CPP-Ca) was synthesized and the optimal process parameters for the chelation reaction were obtained. The bioavailability of calcium in CPP-Ca was investigated by in vitro gastrointestinal simulated digestion.

Identification of Gut Microbiome and Metabolites Associated with Acute Diarrhea in Cats.

Changes in diet and environment can lead to acute diarrhea in companion animals, but the composition and interactions of the gut microbiome during acute diarrhea remain unclear. In this multicenter case-control study, we investigated the relationship between intestinal flora and acute diarrhea in two breeds of cats. Acutely diarrheic American Shorthair (MD,  = 12) and British Shorthair (BD,  = 12) and healthy American Shorthair (MH,  = 12) and British Shorthair (BH,  = 12) cats were recruited.

Intestinal microbial 16S sequencing and LC-MS metabonomic analysis revealed differences between young and old cats.

With the progress of society, the health problems of pets have attracted more and more attention. Recent studies have shown that intestinal microflora and related fecal metabolites play a crucial role in the healthy growth of cats. However, the potential role and related metabolic characteristics of gut microbiota in different age groups of pet cats need to be further clarified.

New insights and options into the mechanisms and effects of combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy in prostate cancer.

Chronic inflammation is believed to drive prostate carcinogenesis by producing reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species to induce DNA damage. This effect might subsequently cause epigenetic and genomic alterations, leading to malignant transformation. Although established therapeutic advances have extended overall survival, tumors in patients with advanced prostate cancer are prone to metastasis, transformation into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and therapeutic resistance.

Variations in gut microbiome and metabolites of dogs with acute diarrhea in poodles and Labrador retrievers.

For different breeds of dogs with acute diarrhea, the gut microbiota and metabolome profiles are unclear. This prospective observational study analyzed the gut microbiomes of poodles with acute diarrhea and Labrador retrievers with acute diarrhea based on 16S amplicon sequencing, with respective healthy dogs as controls. Fecal non-target metabolomics and metagenomics were performed on poodles with acute diarrhea.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and lycopene alleviate ambient particulate matter organic extracts-induced oxidative stress in canine lung cells via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Exposure to environmental particulate matter (PM) causes lung damage in humans, but it is not sufficiently studied in companion animals. In this work, we found that organic extracts (OE) of PM induced oxidative stress and were more cytotoxic than water-soluble extracts (WE) of PM in canine (Canis familiaris) pulmonary alveolar type II epithelial (PAE) cells. Subsequently, we evaluated the alleviating effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid mixtures (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids), vitamin E, and lycopene on OE-exposed PAE cells.

Casein phosphopeptide-calcium chelate: Preparation, calcium holding capacity and simulated digestion in vitro.

In this work, CPP-Ca chelate was synthesized by chelating casein phosphopeptide (CPP) and calcium and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antioxidant activity and calcium holding capacity of CPP-Ca were evaluated and its secondary structure transition was monitored during gastrointestinal digestion by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that calcium chelating rate reached 40 % and calcium ion was bound to CPP mainly through the interaction of carboxyl and amino groups.

Ambient particulate matter (PM)-induced injury in feline lung cells and nutritional intervention.

Ambient particulate matter (APM) is extremely harmful to life's health. In this study, we investigated cellular injury in cat () lung cells (FCA-L2) exposed to organic and water-soluble extracts from APM. As well, the protective effect of vitamin E (VE), lycopene and a mixture of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (molar concentration ratio of 2:1) against this damage was evaluated.

Predictors of laminitis development in a cohort of nonlaminitic ponies.

Background: Quantifying risk factors for laminitis development requires improvement.

Objectives: To identify the most useful physical examination, metabolic and management factors to predict laminitis development in client-owned, nonlaminitic ponies.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Long-term biological variability and the generation of a new reference interval for plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in Labrador retrievers.

Objectives: First, to investigate the biological variability of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in healthy Labrador retrievers and compare this with current laboratory recommendations for dilated cardiomyopathy screening. Second, to calculate a breed-specific reference interval and validate it in a retrospective cohort.

Materials And Methods: Plasma NT-proBNP was measured in 51 clinically healthy Labrador retrievers at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks.

Short-term determination and long-term evaluation of the dietary methionine requirement in adult dogs.

Methionine, an essential sulphur-containing amino acid (SAA), plays an integral role in many metabolic processes. Evidence for the methionine requirements of adult dogs is limited, and we employed the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method to estimate dietary methionine requirements in Labrador retrievers (n 21). Using semi-purified diets, the mean requirement was 0·55 (95 % CI 0·41, 0·71) g/4184 kJ.

Mapping the bacterial ecology on the phyllosphere of dry and post soaked grass hay for horses.

Soaking hay fodder to reduce dust and soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents prior to feeding is common practice among horse owners. Soaking can increase bacteria load in hay but no information exists on how this process alters the bacteria profile, which could pose a health risk or digestive challenge, to horses by introducing foreign bacteria into the gastrointestinal tract and so altering the normal profile. The current objectives were to map the bacterial profile of 3 different hays and determine how soaking alters this with the aim of improving best practice when feeding stabled horses.