6,601 results match your criteria: "Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research[Affiliation]"
Blood Adv
December 2024
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
Haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) due to Rhesus D (RhD) antigen mismatch between the mother and foetus has been a significant cause of neonatal jaundice, recurrent miscarriage and stillbirth throughout history. Anti-RhD prophylaxis using polyclonal immunoglobulin G (RhD-pIgG) derived from the plasma of RhD-negative donors immunised with RhD-positive red blood cells (RBCs), has reduced the incidence of HDFN, but this approach is currently restricted to developed countries. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) offer a promising alternative to address this pressing need, but prior attempts to develop effective anti-RhD mAbs have failed, in some cases due to differences in fucosylation patterns between mAbs produced in cell lines and RhD-pIgG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIschemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when the blood supply to an organ is temporarily reduced and then restored. Kidney IRI is a form of acute kidney injury, which often progresses to kidney fibrosis. Necroptosis is a regulated necrosis pathway that has been implicated in kidney IRI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Thromb Thrombolysis
December 2024
Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne Melbourne Dental School, Victoria, Australia.
Animal models of thrombosis play a critical role in research, helping us understand the mechanisms of hemostasis and thrombus formation, as well as in the screening of anti-thrombotic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of two anticoagulants in murine research and to assess coagulation parameters, including prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), using the VETSCAN VSpro coagulation analyzer in wild-type (C57BL/6) mice following administration of anticoagulants. Two experiments were conducted involving a total of sixty wild-type mice that received two common anticoagulants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Biol
December 2024
Precision Cardiovascular Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Cell Rep
December 2024
ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. Electronic address:
Hormone-receptor-positive (HR) luminal cells largely mediate the response to estrogen and progesterone during mammary gland morphogenesis. However, there remains a lack of consensus on the precise nature of the precursor cells that maintain this essential HR lineage. Here we refine the identification of HR progenitors and demonstrate their unique regenerative capacity compared to mature HR cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrials
December 2024
Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Background: Traditional randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions in clinical research. Traditional RCTs however are complex, expensive and have low external validity. Registry-based randomised controlled trials (RRCTs) are an emerging alternative approach that integrates the internal validity of a traditional RCT with the external validity of a clinical registry by recruiting more real-world patients and leveraging an existing registry platform for data collection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
December 2024
Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Baculovirus is the most studied insect virus owing to a broad ecological distribution and ease of engineering for biotechnological applications. However, its structure and evolutionary place in the virosphere remain enigmatic. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we show that the nucleocapsid forms a covalently cross-linked helical tube protecting a highly compacted 134-kilobase pair DNA genome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Infect Dis
December 2024
MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) tuberculosis (TB) screening guidelines recommend computer-aided detection (CAD) software for chest radiograph (CXR) interpretation. However, studies evaluating their diagnostic and prognostic accuracy are limited.
Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of household contacts of rifampicin-resistant TB in South Africa.
BMC Glob Public Health
October 2024
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Background: Indigenous peoples globally continue to be underrepresented in biomarker, genomic, and biobanking research. The aim of this study was to identify core components of culturally safe and ethical biomarker and genomic research with Indigenous peoples in Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Canada and the USA.
Methods: A scoping review with a systematic search strategy was conducted utilising electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Global Health.
iScience
December 2024
Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
There is an unmet need for a biomarker of liver fat. We identified dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) as a circulating biomarker of liver fat. Here, we assess its two isoforms-symmetric (SDGV) and asymmetric (ADGV)-as biomarkers of steatosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
December 2024
Centre for Health Policy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Objective: We study how clinical and socioeconomic factors influence colorectal cancer (CRC) costs for patients and Medicare in Australia. The study seeks to extend the limited Australian literature on CRC costs by analysing comprehensive patient-level medical services and pharmaceutical cost data.
Design, Setting And Participants: Using the Victorian Cancer Registry, we identified all patients in Victoria who were diagnosed with CRC from 2010 to 2019 and extracted their linked 2010-2021 Medicare data.
Immunol Cell Biol
December 2024
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
A recent article has shown that blocking NKp46 signaling reduces injury, highlighting these cells as key drivers of organ damage and potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. In lupus nephritis, NKp46 ILC1s orchestrate kidney inflammation by producing CSF2, driving the expansion of pro-inflammatory macrophages that infiltrate epithelial niches and exacerbate tissue damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathol Res Pract
December 2024
Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:
Despite advancements in science, researchers still face challenges in curing patients with malignancies. This health issue is linked to various risk factors, including alcohol consumption, age, sex, and infectious diseases. Among these, viral agents play a significant role in cancer-related health problems and are currently a subject of ongoing research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFData Brief
December 2024
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technology that enables the measurement of gene expression in individual cells. Such precision provides insights into cellular heterogeneity that bulk methods might overlook. Fragile cells, in particular neutrophils, have posed significant challenges for scRNA-Seq due to their fragility, high RNase content and consequent loss during cryopreservation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
December 2024
Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA.
Genome Med
December 2024
Human Genomics and Evolution, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia.
Background: Multiplexed Assays of Variant Effects (MAVEs) can test all possible single variants in a gene of interest. The resulting saturation-style functional data may help resolve variant classification disparities between populations, especially for Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS).
Methods: We analyzed clinical significance classifications in 213,663 individuals of European-like genetic ancestry versus 206,975 individuals of non-European-like genetic ancestry from All of Us and the Genome Aggregation Database.
Clin Transl Immunology
November 2024
Objectives: In clinical chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, one of the strongest correlates of favorable patient responses is lower levels of differentiation in T cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) starting material or the CAR T cell product. T cells from older patients are inherently more differentiated, but we hypothesised that specific activation protocols could be used to limit CAR T cell differentiation during manufacturing, particularly in older patients.
Methods: We used PBMCs from young (20-30 years old) and older (60+ years old) healthy donors to generate CAR T cells using two activation protocols: soluble anti-(α) CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) immune complexes of αCD3 and αCD28 mAbs.
Eur J Cancer
January 2025
Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Western Health, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Private, Melbourne, Australia; Western Private, Melbourne, Australia.
Clin Transl Sci
December 2024
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Front Clin Diabetes Healthc
November 2024
Children's Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
FEBS J
November 2024
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
AXIN proteins are major components of the β-catenin destruction complex or degradasome, which limits β-catenin nuclear translocation and Wnt signalling activation at steady state. Schmidt et al. performed quantitative analysis of cellular AXIN protein levels in human colorectal cancer cells and revealed that AXIN2 plays a non-redundant role in regulating the total AXIN pool and Wnt/β-catenin signalling activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurology
December 2024
From the Department of Medicine and Neurology (N.Y., V.Y., L.C., B.C.V.C., H.Z., G.A.D., S.M.D.), Melbourne Brain Centre @ The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne; Population Health and Immunity Division (N.Y.), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Division of Neurology (V.Y.), Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Melbourne Medical School (L.C.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M., D.S.), Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand; Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-S.J.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei; Stroke Trials Unit (L.J.W., Z.K.L., P.M.B., N.S.), Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Medicine (Z.K.L.), Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (H.-Q.G., X.N., J.L., L.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases (H.-Q.G., X.N., J.L., L.L.), Beijing; and Department of Neurology (H.H.M.), Monash Medical Centre, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Cancer Metastasis Rev
November 2024
STEM College, RMIT University, 225-245 Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
Kinesin-like protein 18A (KIF18A) is a member of the kinesin family of molecular motor proteins, which utilise energy from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to regulate critical cellular processes such as chromosome movement and microtubule dynamics. KIF18A plays a vital role in controlling microtubule length, which is crucial for maintaining proper cell function and division. Notably, increased expression levels of KIF18A have been observed in various types of cancer, indicating its potential involvement in tumour progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Death Dis
November 2024
Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Small molecule inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) antagonists, known as Smac mimetics (SMs), activate non-canonical NF-κB and sensitize cancer cells to TNF-induced cell death. SMs are currently in phase III clinical trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) after promising phase II trials. To explore the utility of SMs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we tested nine human OSCC cell lines and correlated SM sensitivity with both IAP mutation and expression levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Glob Health
December 2024
Training and Research Unit of Excellence, Blantyre, Malawi; School of Public and Global Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi. Electronic address:
Background: Anaemia is common in mothers and infants in the first year postpartum, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated whether treating anaemia in the second trimester of pregnancy with a single dose of intravenous iron, ferric carboxymaltose, compared with standard-of-care oral iron could alleviate anaemia in postpartum women and their infants.
Methods: REVAMP (ACTRN12618001268235), an open-label, individually randomised, controlled trial done across nine urban and five rural health centres in Malawi, recruited women if they were in the second trimester of singleton pregnancy, had a capillary haemoglobin concentration of less than 10·0 g/dL, and had a negative malaria rapid diagnostic test.