Realist Approach to Social Policies (RASP) study to reduce socioeconomic health inequalities through systems change: protocol for a research project combining mixed-methods realist research with institutional action research.

Introduction: Health inequalities are rooted in inequality in vital resources for health, including financial resources, a supportive informal network, a stable living situation, work or daytime activities or education and literacy. About 25% of Dutch citizens experience deprivation of such resources. Social policy consists of crucial instruments for improving resources in those groups but can also have adverse effects and lead to additional burdens.

First report of causing calyx-end rot of pear () in The Netherlands.

Pear () is an important fruit crop in the Netherlands, with a total production of 400,000 tons in 2020, and 'Conference' is the main pear cultivar that comprises 80% of total pear production area. In the Netherlands, pears are kept in controlled atmosphere cold storage (-0.5°C) up to 11 months after harvest.

Comparison of Substance-Based and Whole-Effluent Toxicity of Produced Water Discharges from Norwegian Offshore Oil and Gas Installations.

When assessing the environmental risks of offshore produced water discharges, it is key to properly assess the toxicity of this complex mixture. Toxicity can be assessed either through the application of whole-effluent toxicity (WET) testing or based on its substance-based chemical composition or both. In the present study, the toxicity assessed based on WET and substance-based was compared for 25 offshore produced water effluents collected for the Norwegian implementation of the Oslo-Paris convention risk-based assessment program.

Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review.

Background: In adults, there is increasing evidence for an association between antibiotic use and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders but in children, the evidence is scarce.

Objective: Assess the association between exposure to antibiotics in the first 2 years of life in term born children and the presence of chronic GI disorders later in childhood.

Design: For this systematic review the MEDLINE, Embase, WHO trial register and Web of Science were systematically searched from inception to 8 June 2020.

[Zoonotic bacterium: duty to notify advisable].

Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic bacterium that can be found in raw fish (mainly eel and oysters) and seawater. Human infections may extend from wound infections to fasciitis necroticans or primary sepsis with a mortality rate of more than 50%. Although V.