Do Hispanic Puerto Rican men have worse outcomes after radical prostatectomy? Results from SEARCH.

Background: We previously reported that outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) were similar among non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic White Veterans Affairs (VA) patients. However, prostate cancer (PC) mortality in Puerto Rican Hispanics (PRH) may be higher than in other Hispanic groups. Data focused on PRH patients is sparse; thus, we tested the association between PR ethnicity and outcomes after RP.

A modeling study to estimate prostate cancer-specific mortality on active surveillance for men with favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer: Results from the SEARCH cohort.

Purpose: Limited data exist to help surgeons decide between active surveillance (AS) versus treatment for men with favorable intermediate risk (FIR) prostate cancer. To estimate the theoretical excess risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) with AS versus radical prostatectomy (RP), we determined the risk of PCSM in FIR men undergoing RP and modeled the PCSM risk for AS using a range of increased PSCM scenarios ranging from 1.25x to 2x higher relative to RP.

Diabetes and Prostate Cancer Outcomes in Obese and Nonobese Men After Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: The link between diabetes and prostate cancer progression is poorly understood and complicated by obesity. We investigated associations between diabetes and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM), castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and metastases in obese and nonobese men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: We included 4688 men from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital cohort of men undergoing RP from 1988 to 2017.

Do Hispanic Men Have Worse Outcomes After Radical Prostatectomy? Results From SEARCH.

Objective: To examine the associations between ethnicity and outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) among Hispanics. While non-Hispanic Black men have worse prostate cancer (PC) outcomes, there are limited data on outcomes of Hispanic men, especially after RP.

Methods: We identified 3789 White men who underwent RP between 1988 and 2017 in the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database.

Effects of intravenous midazolam and diazepam on patient response, percentage of oxygen saturation, and hemodynamic factors during periodontal surgery.

Background: The purpose of this double-masked study was to evaluate effects of intravenous sedation (IVS) using midazolam or diazepam during periodontal procedures on patient recall, psychomotor response, oxygen saturation, and hemodynamic factors.

Methods: Seventeen patients received either two or three scheduled periodontal surgeries under IVS with midazolam, diazepam, or placebo control. Patients were monitored throughout the procedure for hemodynamic variables, percent oxygen saturation, level of recall of common objects presented at baseline, and psychomotor function via the perceptual speed test (PST).

Fractal dimension of the bone marrow in metastatic lesions.

We previously reported that the distribution of the cells in normal bone marrow is fractal and self-similar. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the same is true in metastatic tumors. Thirty-two bone marrow biopsy sections (3 to 5 microm thick) of 28 patients were used to measure the fractal dimensions of the metastatic tumor cells' distribution.

Galanin inhibition of enterochromaffin-like cell function.

Background & Aims: Galanin, a 29-amino acid neuropeptide found in the gastric mucosa, inhibits basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. Its cellular target is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether galanin inhibits Ca2+ signaling and histamine release in enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells.

Deployment technique and histopathological evaluation of an endoluminal vascular prosthesis used to repair an iliac artery aneurysm.

Purpose: To describe the deployment technique, function, and gross healing of an endoluminal vascular prosthesis deployed in a high-risk patient for treatment of a common iliac artery (CIA) aneurysm.

Methods: An 82-year-old, high-risk male with a 4-cm-diameter CIA aneurysm approximately 4.5 to 5 cm long was treated with endoluminal exclusion of the lesion using a 6-cm-long, 14-mm-internal diameter Dacron vascular prosthesis with Palmaz 308 stents sutured to either end of the graft.

Differences in the dynamics of parathyroid hormone secretion in hemodialysis patients with marked secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Hemodialysis patients with predialysis intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels of more than 500 pg/mL are generally considered to have marked secondary hyperparathyroidism. Because the serum calcium level in these patients varies from low to high, it is not clear whether every hemodialysis patient with a PTH level > 500 pg/mL is part of a uniform group. The dynamics of PTH secretion in 21 hemodialysis patients with predialysis (basal) intact PTH levels > 500 pg/mL (range, 506 to 1978 pg/mL) has been evaluated.

Development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone disease in diabetic rats with renal failure.

Renal osteodystrophy in diabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis is characterized by a higher prevalence of low bone turnover and is associated with a relative deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH) as compared with non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. The goal of the study was to evaluate how diabetes affected the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (2 degrees HPT) and bone disease in azotemic rats. Three groups of 5/6 nephrectomized, pair-fed male Wistar rats maintained on a high phosphorus (1.

No contralateral neutrophil (PMN) stimulation after rabbit hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion.

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) have been implicated as mediators of the reperfusion injury that occurs in skeletal muscle after ischemia. Our laboratory has previously shown that the venous effluent from rabbit hindlimbs that have undergone 2 or 3 hours of ischemia followed by 1 hour of reperfusion contains PMNs that demonstrate increased phagocytosis and chemotaxis when assayed. It was the purpose of this study to evaluate PMNs from the contralateral rabbit hindlimb utilizing the same periods of ischemia and reperfusion to determine whether this PMN-induced effect is localized to the ischemic limb.

Studies in a hemodialysis patient indicating that calcitriol may have a direct suppressive effect on bone.

Calcitriol putatively suppresses bone activity by decreasing parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Results of studies in a 52-year-old female maintenance hemodialysis patient suggest that calcitriol may also have a direct suppressive effect on bone. The PTH-calcium relationship was evaluated through the use of low (1 mEq/l) and high (4 mEq/l) calcium hemodialyses that were performed before the initiation of calcitriol treatment, at the end of 6 weeks of thrice-weekly intravenous calcitriol administration, and 6 weeks after the discontinuation of calcitriol.

The effect of experimental hemarthrosis on joint stiffness and synovial histology in a rabbit model.

The effect of a single injection of unpreserved blood on joint stiffness and on synovial and cartilage histomorphology in the ankle joints of rabbits was determined at ten and 28 days after injection. The same volume of saline was placed in the contralateral ankle for comparison. After ten days, the hemarthrosis ankle was stiffer than the control ankle (p < 0.

Effects of antihistamines on joint stiffness and bone healing after periarticular fracture.

In an effort to blunt the inflammatory response following injury, we studied the effects of antihistamines on joint stiffness and bone healing after periarticular fracture. The hind limbs of 37 New Zealand white rabbits were instrumented with intramedullary Steinmann pins to allow immobilization after creating a distal tibia fracture. After periarticular ankle fracture, the rabbits were divided into groups to receive chlorpheniramine, low-dose terfenadine, high-dose terfenadine, or no antihistamine.

Genetic variation in mouse apolipoprotein A-IV expression is determined pre- and post-transcriptionally.

Among inbred mouse strains there is a striking genetic variation in the levels of apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) mRNA in the liver, although intestinal mRNA levels vary only twofold in these strains. In the present study we have characterized the apoA-IV expression phenotypes in strains C57BL/6J and 129/J, and investigated the molecular basis for the genetic variation. We report that the two strains differ eight- to tenfold both in the levels of apoA-IV mRNA and in the rate of apoA-IV protein synthesis in liver.

Posttraumatic limb swelling and joint stiffness are not causally related experimental observations in rabbits.

Periarticular and intraarticular fractures frequently cause limb swelling and joint stiffness. The two effects are widely assumed to be related--an assumption long held but never tested. Over a ten-year period, a rabbit hind limb model was developed and tested to ascertain methods of preventing or reducing limb swelling and joint stiffness after a local skeletal injury.

Effect of aluminium on the development of hyperparathyroidism and bone disease in the azotaemic rat.

Aluminium toxicity in dialysis patients is associated with a relative parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency as well as osteomalacia. In-vitro studies of parathyroid cells have shown that aluminium inhibits PTH secretion. However, only limited data are available on how aluminium affects the development of hyperparathyroidism in the azotaemic animal.

Examination of antithyroid effects of smoking products in cultured thyroid follicles: only thiocyanate is a potent antithyroid agent.

We studied the antithyroid action of cigarette smoking products (nicotine, cotinine, and thiocyanate) in the physiological culture system of porcine thyroid follicles. Iodide uptake, iodine organification, de novo thyroid hormone formation, and iodide efflux were measured in the presence of 0-200 mumol/l nicotine, cotinine, or potassium thiocyanate. Nicotine and cotinine did not inhibit iodide transport or thyroid hormone formation.

Interrelationship between parathyroid hormone and insulin: effects on DNA synthesis in UMR-106-01 cells.

UMR-106-01 osteoblast-like cells respond to high concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in vitro by decreasing thymidine incorporation, a marker of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. This response is different from in vivo conditions, such as primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, in which high PTH levels are associated with an increased number of osteoblasts. When the response of UMR-106-01 cells to PTH is evaluated in vitro, however, these cells are exposed to only a single hormone.