Noninvasive Quantitative CT for Diffuse Liver Diseases: Steatosis, Iron Overload, and Fibrosis.

Chronic diffuse liver disease continues to increase in prevalence and represents a global health concern. Noninvasive detection and quantification of hepatic steatosis, iron overload, and fibrosis are critical, especially given the many relative disadvantages and potential risks of invasive liver biopsy. Although MRI techniques have emerged as the preferred reference standard for quantification of liver fat, iron, and fibrosis, CT can play an important role in opportunistic detection of unsuspected disease and is performed at much higher volumes.

Access to Breast Cancer Screening: Disparities and Determinants- Expert Panel Narrative Review.

While breast cancer screening reduces mortality, disparities in access continue to limit equitable care. Medically underserved groups-including American Indian or Alaska Native, Black, Hispanic, disabled, and LGBTQ+ individuals-face significant barriers in accessing screening mammography services. This AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review leverages the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework to analyze persistent inequities in screening, focusing on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disabilities, health insurance, and geography.

Update on MR Imaging of the Acetabular Labrum.

Acetabular labral tears are a mechanical cause of hip pain. Hip MR imaging should be performed on 3T magnets using small field of view and high-resolution imaging. If using a lower strength magnet, direct arthrography should be performed.

Spectrum of Heterotopic and Ectopic Splenic Conditions.

A spectrum of heterotopic and ectopic splenic conditions may be encountered in clinical practice as incidental asymptomatic detection or symptomatic diagnosis. The radiologist needs to be aware of these conditions and their imaging characteristics to provide a prompt correct diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis as neoplasm or lymphadenopathy. Having a strong knowledge base of the embryologic development of the spleen improves understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of these conditions.

Correlation of HbA1c levels with CT-based body composition biomarkers in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.

Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are closely linked with visceral body composition, but clinical assessment is limited to external measurements and laboratory values including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Modern deep learning and AI algorithms allow automated extraction of biomarkers for organ size, density, and body composition from routine computed tomography (CT) exams. Comparing visceral CT biomarkers across groups with differing glycemic control revealed significant, progressive CT biomarker changes with increasing HbA1c.

Intrapatient Changes in CT-Based Body Composition After Initiation of Semaglutide (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist) Therapy.

The long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide is used to treat type 2 diabetes or obesity in adults. Clinical trials have observed associations of semaglutide with weight loss, improved control of diabetes, and cardiovascular risk reduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate intrapatient changes in body composition after initiation of semaglutide therapy by applying an automated suite of CT-based artificial intelligence (AI) body composition tools.

Fostering Organizational Excellence through Inclusive Leadership: Practical Guide for Radiology Leaders.

Inclusive leadership styles value team members, invite diverse perspectives, and recognize and support the contributions of employees. The authors provide guidance to radiology leaders interested in developing inclusive leadership skills and competencies to improve workforce recruitment and retention and unlock the potential of a rapidly diversifying health care workforce. As health care organizations look to attract the best and brightest talent, they will be increasingly recruiting millennial and Generation Z employees, who belong to the most diverse generations in American history.

Adjusting for the effect of IV contrast on automated CT body composition measures during the portal venous phase.

Objective: Fully-automated CT-based algorithms for quantifying numerous biomarkers have been validated for unenhanced abdominal scans. There is great interest in optimizing the documentation and reporting of biophysical measures present on all CT scans for the purposes of opportunistic screening and risk profiling. The purpose of this study was to determine and adjust the effect of intravenous (IV) contrast on these automated body composition measures at routine portal venous phase post-contrast imaging.

O-RADS MRI risk stratification system: pearls and pitfalls.

In 2021, the American College of Radiology (ACR) Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) MRI Committee developed a risk stratification system and lexicon for assessing adnexal lesions using MRI. Like the BI-RADS classification, O-RADS MRI provides a standardized language for communication between radiologists and clinicians. It is essential for radiologists to be familiar with the O-RADS algorithmic approach to avoid misclassifications.

Percutaneous Microwave Ablation for Treatment of Retroperitoneal Tumors.

Purpose To determine if microwave ablation (MWA) of retroperitoneal tumors can safely provide high rates of local tumor control. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 19 patients (median age, 65 years [range = 46-78 years]; 13 [68.4%] men and six [31.

Natural History of Colorectal Polyps Undergoing Longitudinal in Vivo CT Colonography Surveillance.

Background The natural history of colorectal polyps is not well characterized due to clinical standards of care and other practical constraints limiting in vivo longitudinal surveillance. Established CT colonography (CTC) clinical screening protocols allow surveillance of small (6-9 mm) polyps. Purpose To assess the natural history of colorectal polyps followed with CTC in a clinical screening program, with histopathologic correlation for resected polyps.

Functional Anatomy of the Spinal Cord.

Localization of lesions in the spinal cord requires knowledge of the functional anatomy of gray and white matter tracts. Using decussation points for white matter tracts can help determine lesion level. Pathologies can affect gray and white matter tracts in distinct ways and pattern recognition can help narrow down the differential diagnosis.

O-RADS scoring system for adnexal lesions: Diagnostic performance on TVUS performed by an expert sonographer and MRI.

Rationale And Objective: To determine the diagnostic performance of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) performed by an US specialist and MRI based on the O-RADS scoring system.

Materials And Methods: Between March 5th 2013 and December 31st 2021, 227 patients, referred to our center, underwent TVUS and pelvic MRI for characterization of an adnexal lesion proven by surgery or two years of negative follow-up. All lesions were classified according to O-RADS US and O-RADS MRI risk scoring systems.

Update: Lung-RADS 2022.

- Update articles supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in . These updates, written by at least one author of the previous article, provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new information such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes.

Clinical Applications of Dedicated Breast Positron Emission Tomography.

Breast-specific positron imaging systems provide higher sensitivity than whole-body PET for breast cancer detection. The clinical applications for breast-specific positron imaging are similar to breast MRI including preoperative local staging and neoadjuvant therapy response assessment. Breast-specific positron imaging may be an alternative for patients who cannot undergo breast MRI.

Comparison of MiraLAX and magnesium citrate for bowel preparation at CT colonography.

Purpose: To compare MiraLAX, a hypo-osmotic lavage, and magnesium citrate (MgC), a hyper-osmotic agent for bowel preparation at CTC.

Methods: 398 total screening CTC studies were included in this retrospective, single institution study. 297 underwent preparation with a double-dose MgC regimen (mean age, 61 ± 5.

MRI-based vertebral bone quality score: relationship with age and reproducibility.

Unlabelled: Vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score is an opportunistic measure of bone mineral density using routine preoperative MRI in spine surgery. VBQ score positively correlates with age and is reproducible across serial scans. However, extrinsic factors, including MRI machine and protocol, affect the VBQ score and must be standardized.

Automated Deep Learning Artificial Intelligence Tool for Spleen Segmentation on CT: Defining Volume-Based Thresholds for Splenomegaly.

Splenomegaly historically has been assessed on imaging by use of potentially inaccurate linear measurements. Prior work tested a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) tool that automatically segments the spleen to determine splenic volume. The purpose of this study is to apply the deep learning AI tool in a large screening population to establish volume-based splenomegaly thresholds.