Association Between Positive Airway Pressure Therapy and Healthcare Costs Among Older Adults with Comorbid Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Common Chronic Conditions: An Actuarial Analysis.

Study Objectives: To determine the association between adherence to positive airway pressure and healthcare costs among a national sample of older adults with comorbid OSA and common chronic conditions.

Methods: Our data source was a random sample of Medicare administrative claims for years 2016-2019. Inclusion criteria included age >65 years and new diagnosis of OSA.

Evaluation of subretinally delivered Cas9 ribonucleoproteins in murine and porcine animal models highlights key considerations for therapeutic translation of genetic medicines.

Genetic medicines, including CRISPR/Cas technologies, extend tremendous promise for addressing unmet medical need in inherited retinal disorders and other indications; however, there remain challenges for the development of therapeutics. Herein, we evaluate genome editing by engineered Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (eRNP) in vivo via subretinal administration using mouse and pig animal models. Subretinal administration of adenine base editor and double strand break-inducing Cas9 nuclease eRNPs mediate genome editing in both species.

Recessive but damaging alleles of muscle-specific ribosomal protein gene drive neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy.

The heart employs a specialized ribosome in its muscle cells to translate genetic information into proteins, a fundamental adaptation with an elusive physiological role. Its significance is underscored by the discovery of neonatal patients suffering from often fatal heart failure caused by rare compound heterozygous variants in RPL3L, a muscle-specific ribosomal protein that replaces the ubiquitous RPL3 in cardiac ribosomes. -linked heart failure represents the only known human disease arising from mutations in tissue-specific ribosomes, yet the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood despite an increasing number of reported cases.

Vaccination with a Replication-Dead Murine Gammaherpesvirus Lacking Viral Pathogenesis Genes Inhibits WT Virus Infection.

Gammaherpesviruses are oncogenic pathogens that establish lifelong infections. There are no FDA-approved vaccines against Epstein-Barr virus or Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus. Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68) infection of mice provides a system for investigating of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis and testing vaccine strategies.

Association between peripartum cardiomyopathy and mood disorders in a large, national U.S. cohort.

Objective: To examine the association between mood disorders in pregnancy and postpartum and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of pregnant and postpartum patients from 2017-2019. Patients were separated into two groups based on ICD-10 coding for presence or absence of mood disorder (depression, bipolar depression, anxiety, or other mood diagnosis).

Uncertainty estimation in diagnosis generation from large language models: next-word probability is not pre-test probability.

Objective: To evaluate large language models (LLMs) for pre-test diagnostic probability estimation and compare their uncertainty estimation performance with a traditional machine learning classifier.

Materials And Methods: We assessed 2 instruction-tuned LLMs, Mistral-7B-Instruct and Llama3-70B-chat-hf, on predicting binary outcomes for Sepsis, Arrhythmia, and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) using electronic health record (EHR) data from 660 patients. Three uncertainty estimation methods-Verbalized Confidence, Token Logits, and LLM Embedding+XGB-were compared against an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) classifier trained on raw EHR data.

Effectiveness and safety of oral vancomycin for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a systematic review and pooled analysis.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurs in up to 70%-80% of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Oral vancomycin therapy (OVT) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of IBD associated with PSC (IBD-PSC).

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness and safety of OVT in the treatment of IBD-PSC by performing a systematic review and pooled analysis of the literature.

An open source ultrasonic flowmeter for monitoring the input/output flow rates of wastewater treatment plants.

Sensors play an important role in both the continuous monitoring and intermittent analyses, which are essential for the study of wastewater treatment plant management and conducting related research. Given the significant environmental impact of the issues involved, accurate measurement of the volume of water flowing into and out of treatment plants is a key parameter for plant management, ecotoxicological studies and academic research programs. Traditionally, flow measurements have been based on calibrated weirs or venturi flumes, using water level measurements for conversion into flow, according to established relationships.

Patient specific variables impact sensitivity to association between joint balance and 2 Year outcomes.

Background: This study investigates the association between intra-operative balance and 2-year outcomes within subgroups defined by demographics and pre-operative joint balance. Our hypothesis is that patient demographics and the pre-operative state of the joint will impact patient sensitivity to post-operative balance and laxity and subsequent impact on outcome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively captured data across 5 sites with 5 surgeons was performed.

Informing a sinusitis clinical trial protocol: A focus group study with clinicians and staff.

This study investigates practicing clinician and staff perspectives on potential protocol modifications for the "Nasal Irrigation, Oral Antibiotics, and Subgroup Targeting for Effective Management of Acute Sinusitis" (NOSES) study, a pragmatic randomized controlled trial aiming at improving acute rhinosinusitis management. Focus groups with clinicians and staff at the pretrial stage recommended expanding participant age inclusion criteria, incorporating patients with COVID-19, and shortening the supportive care phase. Participants also discussed patient engagement and recruitment strategies.

Abnormal redox balance at membrane contact sites causes axonopathy in -related Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Pathogenic variants of cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), an inherited neuropathy characterized by axonal degeneration. GDAP1, an atypical glutathione S-transferase, localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), regulating this organelle's dynamics, transport, and membrane contact sites (MCSs). It has been proposed that GDAP1 functions as a cellular redox sensor.

Non-colorectal Cancer Screening and Vaccinations in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Review.

Description: The aim of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Clinical Practice Update (CPU) is to provide best practice advice (BPA) statements for gastroenterologists and other health care providers who provide care to patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The focus is on IBD-specific screenings (excluding colorectal cancer screening, which is discussed separately) and vaccinations. We provide guidance to ensure that patients are up to date with the disease-specific cancer screenings, vaccinations, as well as advice for mental health and general wellbeing.

Presentation, Treatment and Outcomes of Brachial Artery Aneurysms.

Objective: Brachial artery aneurysms are rare entities that have typically been associated with trauma, infection, arterio-venous fistula creation or connective tissue disorders. These aneurysms are often asymptomatic, but they can also cause local tenderness or thrombo-embolic events. Due to the very low incidence of true brachial artery aneurysms, there are no standardized guidelines on their optimal management.

Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: A Leadership Survey.

Purpose: Surveys to assess views about artificial intelligence (AI) of various diagnostic radiology constituencies have revealed interesting combinations of enthusiasm, caution, and implementation priorities. We surveyed academic radiology leaders about their views on AI and how they intend to approach AI implementation in their departments.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a web survey of Society of Chairs of Academic Radiology Departments (SCARD) members between October 5 and October 31, 2023 to solicit optimism or pessimism about AI, target use cases, planned implementation, and perceptions of their workforce.

Delayed primacy recall in AVLT is associated with medial temporal tau PET burden in cognitively unimpaired adults.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be diagnosed by in vivo abnormalities of amyloid-β plaques (A) and tau accumulation (T) biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that analyses of serial position performance in episodic memory tests, and especially, delayed primacy, are associated with AD pathology even in individuals who are cognitively unimpaired. The earliest signs of cortical tau pathology are observed in medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions, yet it is unknown if serial position markers are also associated with early tau load in these regions.

Evaluating the sustained effectiveness of a novel pharmacy-based intervention to reduce older adult misuse of over-the-counter medications: A case for non-significance.

Introduction: Misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) medications by older adults (age 65+) can comprise Drug-Age, Drug-Drug, Drug-Disease, and Drug-Label types. Pharmacies in the United States are prevalent sources of OTCs and are an apt setting to address OTC misuse. Senior Safe™ is a pharmacy-system redesign for preventing older adult OTC misuse.

Evaluating the physiological benefits of behavioral flexibility in chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) using a biophysical model.

As opportunistic generalists occupying a range of ecological niches, chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) are considered a highly flexible species of relatively low conservation priority. Underlying their ecological flexibility is a repertoire of behavioral strategies observed in response to ecological stressors. Although these strategies are relatively well-documented, we know very little about how they impact upon an individual's thermal and energetic physiology, which can influence population-level reproductive potential in the face of climatic warming.

A Lu-nucleotide coordination polymer-incorporated thermosensitive hydrogel with anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective capabilities for osteoarthritis treatment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by cartilage destruction and inflammation. Traditional pharmacotherapies for OA are limited by their short-term efficacy and systemic side effects. Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO), involving intra-articular injection of radiopharmaceuticals, has shown promise for OA treatment but is hindered by the toxicity and rapid clearance of radioisotopes.

The potential of antibody-drug conjugates for effective therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Introduction: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a rapidly evolving class of anti-cancer drugs with a significant impact on management of hematological malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). ADCs combine a cytotoxic drug (a.k.

Safety of accessing brachial veins for large-bore upper extremity venous thrombectomy using ClotTriever Thrombectomy System.

Purpose: To evaluate access site adverse events following ClotTriever-mediated large-bore mechanical thrombectomy via small upper extremity deep veins (< 6-mm).

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients, including 24 upper extremity venous access sites, underwent ClotTriever-mediated large-bore thrombectomy of the upper extremity and thoracic central veins for symptomatic deep vein obstruction unresponsive to anticoagulation. Patients without follow-up venous duplex examinations (n = 3) were excluded.

Long-term neurobehavioral and neuroimaging outcomes in athletes with prior concussion(s) and head impact exposure.

The long-term health of former athletes with a history of multiple concussions and/or repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure has been of growing interest among the public. The true proportion of dementia cases attributable to neurotrauma and the neurobehavioral profile/sequelae of multiple concussion and RHI exposure among athletes has been difficult to determine. Across three exposure paradigms (i.

Validation of an Eye-Foot Coordination Assessment Tool for Children in Dual-Task Condition.

: Eye-foot coordination is essential in sports and daily life, enabling the synchronization of vision and movement for tasks like ball control or crossing obstacles. This study aimed to examine both the validity and reliability of an innovative eye-foot coordination (EFC) test in a dual-task paradigm in children aged 6-11 years and the capacity of this test to discriminate between sex and age. : A total of 440 schoolchildren aged 6-11 years participated in this cross-sectional study.

Advances in Glioblastoma Diagnosis: Integrating Genetics, Noninvasive Sampling, and Advanced Imaging.

Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adult patients, and despite standard-of-care treatment, median survival has remained less than two years. Advances in our understanding of molecular mutations have led to changes in the diagnostic criteria of glioblastoma, with the WHO classification integrating important mutations into the grading system in 2021. We sought to review the basics of the important genetic mutations associated with glioblastoma, including known mechanisms and roles in disease pathogenesis/treatment.

Primary Mediastinal Ewing's Sarcoma: Post Hoc Analysis from Two International Multicenter Prospective Randomized Trials.

Objective: Ewing sarcoma (EWS) of the mediastinum is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We aimed to gain a better understanding of primary mediastinal EWS, describing patients treated within two international, multicenter, prospective, randomized EWS trials.

Methods: Data from patients with primary mediastinal EWS were retrieved from the database of the EURO-E.

Nutrition Knowledge and Perceived Dietary Requirements of Adolescent Student-Athletes: A Pilot Study.

Background/objectives: Adherence to sports-specific nutritional guidelines can help optimize athlete performance and health. However, adolescent athletes may not have adequate nutrition knowledge and understanding of specific nutritional requirements. The objective of the current study was to examine the nutrition knowledge and perceived dietary requirements of adolescent athletes.