Evaluation of targeting accuracy of cone beam CT guided histotripsy in an porcine model.

Purpose: The application of histotripsy, an emerging noninvasive, non-ionizing, and non-thermal tumor treatment, is currently limited by the inherent limitations of diagnostic ultrasound as the sole targeting modality. This study evaluates the feasibility and accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guidance for histotripsy treatments in an porcine model.

Materials And Methods: Histotripsy treatments were performed in the liver of seven healthy swine under the guidance of a C-arm CBCT system that was calibrated to the robotic arm of the histotripsy system.

A novel piperine derivative HJJ_3_5 inhibits colorectal cancer progression by modulating EMT signaling pathways.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a fatal cancer prevalent worldwide, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key factor in tumor invasion and metastasis. Piperine, a natural alkaloid known for its antitumor properties, faces limitations in clinical use due to its moderate potency. To address this, our team synthesized and validated a new derivative, HJJ_3_5, which has shown potent antitumor activity against CRC cells.

The Heterogeneous Presentations of De Novo and Recurrent Ocular Inflammation following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Multi-Center Report and a Review of the Literature.

Purpose: To describe the patterns of ocular inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination, assess underlying commonalities and understand outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective, multicenter cohort study, conducted between 2020 and 2021. Patients with no previous uveitis history (de novo) or a known uveitis history (recurrent) who developed ocular inflammation within 42 days of COVID-19 vaccination were identified.

Global cellular proteo-lipidomic profiling of diverse lysosomal storage disease mutants using nMOST.

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise ~50 monogenic disorders marked by the buildup of cellular material in lysosomes, yet systematic global molecular phenotyping of proteins and lipids is lacking. We present a nanoflow-based multiomic single-shot technology (nMOST) workflow that quantifies HeLa cell proteomes and lipidomes from over two dozen LSD mutants. Global cross-correlation analysis between lipids and proteins identified autophagy defects, notably the accumulation of ferritinophagy substrates and receptors, especially in and mutants, where lysosomes accumulate cholesterol.

USP9X PROMOTES LPS-INDUCED FIBROBLAST CELL APOPTOSIS, INFLAMMATION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BY REGULATION OF TBL1XR1 DEUBIQUITINATION.

Background: Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are involved in the progression of human diseases, including acute pneumonia. In this study, we aimed to explore the functions of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X-linked (USP9X) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated WI-38 cells. Methods: WI-38 cells were treated with LPS to induce the cellular damage and inflammation.

Standardized pipelines support and facilitate integration of diverse datasets at the Rat Genome Database.

The Rat Genome Database (RGD) is a multispecies knowledgebase which integrates genetic, multiomic, phenotypic, and disease data across 10 mammalian species. To support cross-species, multiomics studies and to enhance and expand on data manually extracted from the biomedical literature by the RGD team of expert curators, RGD imports and integrates data from multiple sources. These include major databases and a substantial number of domain-specific resources, as well as direct submissions by individual researchers.

Association between magnetic resonance imaging use and recovery time following concussion: a CARE consortium study.

Researchers may implement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate neurophysiological metrics (e.g. connectivity) in athletes with sports-related concussion (SRC).

Urinary Incontinence and Care Seeking Among Wisconsin Women.

Importance: Women who identify as Black or African American are underrepresented in research about pelvic floor disorders.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of and factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) and UI care-seeking among adult women in a Wisconsin household survey.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data collected by the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW).

A Novel Polarized Light Microscope for the Examination of Birefringent Crystals in Synovial Fluid.

Background: The gold standard for crystal arthritis diagnosis relies on the identification of either monosodium urate (MSU) or calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals in synovial fluid. With the goal of enhanced crystal detection, we adapted a standard compensated polarized light microscope (CPLM) with a polarized digital camera and multi-focal depth imaging capabilities to create digital images from synovial fluid mounted on microscope slides. Using this single-shot computational polarized light microscopy (SCPLM) method, we compared rates of crystal detection and raters' preference for image.

Wildland fire entrainment: The missing link between wildland fire and its environment.

Wildfires are growing in destructive power, and accurately predicting the spread and intensity of wildland fire is essential for managing ecological and societal impacts. No current operational models used for fire behavior prediction resolve critical fire-atmospheric coupling or nonlocal influences of the fire environment, rendering them inadequate in accounting for the range of wildland fire behavior scenarios under increasingly novel fuel and climate conditions. Here, we present a new perspective on a dominant fire-atmospheric feedback mechanism, which we term wildland fire entrainment (WFE).

Mass shootings durably increase the sale of alcohol in American communities.

Mass shootings are devastating events. Communities can cope with the ensuing trauma in a number of ways, including changing their behavioral patterns. Using point-of-sale data from 35,000 individual retailers, including more than half of all American grocery and drugstore purchases, and all American mass shootings from 2006 to 2019, we find, in a set of two-way fixed-effects counterfactual analyses, that a mass shooting in a given community (the area covered by the ZIP-3 code) predicts a significant increase in the sales of alcohol that lasts at least 2 years past the shooting.

A bioluminescent reporter bioassay for in-process assessment of chimeric antigen receptor lentiviral vector potency.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy is a breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy, wherein T cells are genetically modified to recognize and attack cancer cells. Delivery of the CAR gene is a critical step in this therapy and is usually achieved by transducing patient T cells with a lentiviral vector (LV). Because the LV is an essential component of CAR-T manufacturing, there is a need for simple bioassays that reflect the mechanism of action (MOA) of the LV and can measure LV potency with accuracy and specificity.

Polygenic risk scores for atrial fibrillation and heart failure and the risk of stroke and dementia.

Atrial fibrillation and heart failure have both been suggested to increase stroke and dementia risk. However, in observational studies, reversed causation and unmeasured confounding may occur. To mitigate these issues, this study aims to investigate if higher genetic risk for atrial fibrillation and heart failure increases dementia and stroke risk.

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Globally, industrial biotechnology addresses diverse challenges, fostering environmental conservation, sustainable development, economic growth, and innovation. Currently, there are approximately 20,922 biotech companies worldwide, including 6,653 in the US, reflecting significant growth. The global biotech market is valued at $727.

A Preliminary Study of Hearing Loss in Children With Craniosynostosis.

To describe the frequency and types of hearing loss in children with syndromic and non-syndromic craniosynostosis. Retrospective cohort study. Large tertiary pediatric hospital.

The Running Readiness Scale and Injury in Collegiate Track & Field and Cross Country Athletes.

Context: Track & field and cross country athletes experience high rates of lower extremity injuries. The Running Readiness Scale (RRS) may help determine which athletes have a higher likelihood of lower extremity injury.

Objective: To determine if RRS performance at the start of the season was related to likelihood of experiencing a lower extremity injury during the subsequent track & field or cross country season.

Short-term variability of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers in a mixed memory clinic cohort.

Background: For clinical implementation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood-based biomarkers (BBMs), knowledge of short-term variability, is crucial to ensure safe and correct biomarker interpretation, i.e., to capture changes or treatment effects that lie beyond that of expected short-term variability and considered clinically relevant.

"If that would have lessened my symptoms, that would have been great...": a qualitative study about the acceptability of tecovirimat as treatment for mpox.

Background: Tecovirimat, an antiviral treatment for smallpox, was approved as a treatment for mpox by the European Medicines Agency in January 2022. Approval was granted under "exceptional circumstances" based on effectiveness found in pre-clinical challenge studies in animals and safety studies in humans showing minimal side effects. As clinical efficacy studies are still ongoing, there is currently limited information with regard to the acceptability of tecovirimat to treat mpox.

Patient and public involvement in the co-design and assessment of unobtrusive sensing technologies for care at home: a user-centric design approach.

Background: There is growing interest in developing sensing solutions for remote health monitoring to support the safety and independence of older adults. To ensure these technologies are practical and relevant, people-centred design is essential. This study aims to explore the involvement of various stakeholders across different developmental stages to inform the design and assess the capabilities of unobtrusive sensing solutions being developed as part of the Advanced Care Research Centre (ACRC), Edinburgh, UK.

Sleep and cardiorespiratory function assessed by a smart bed over 10 weeks post COVID-19 infection.

Inadequate information exists regarding physiological changes post-COVID-19 infection. We used smart beds to record biometric data following COVID-19 infection in nonhospitalized patients. Recordings of daily biometric signals over 14 weeks in 59 COVID-positive participants' homes in 2020 were compared with the same participants' data from 2019.

Long-term increases in wing length occur independently of changes in climate and climate-driven shifts in body size.

Recent widespread reductions in body size across species have been linked to increasing temperatures; simultaneous increases in wing length relative to body size have been broadly observed but remain unexplained. Size and shape may change independently of one another, or these morphological shifts may be linked, with body size mediating or directly driving the degree to which shape changes. Using hierarchical Bayesian models and a morphological time series of 27 366 specimens from five North American migratory passerine bird species, we tested the roles that climate and body size have played in shifting wing length allometry over four decades.

Sweating the small stuff: microclimatic exposure and species habitat associations inform climate vulnerability in a grassland songbird community.

Assessment of species' vulnerability to climate change has been limited by mismatch between coarse macroclimate data and the fine scales at which species select habitat. Habitat mediates climate conditions, and fine-scale habitat features may permit species to exploit favourable microclimates, but habitat preferences can also constrain their ability to do so. We leveraged fine-resolution models of near-surface temperature and humidity in grasslands to understand how microclimates affect climatic exposure and demographics in a grassland bird community.

A Systematic Approach to Prioritise Diagnostically Useful Findings for Inclusion in Electronic Health Records as Discrete Data to Improve Clinical Artificial Intelligence Tools and Genomic Research.

Aims: The recent widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs) has opened the possibility for innumerable artificial intelligence (AI) tools to aid in genomics, phenomics, and other research, as well as disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Unfortunately, much of the data contained in EHRs are not optimally structured for even the most sophisticated AI approaches. There are very few published efforts investigating methods for recording discrete data in EHRs that would not slow current clinical workflows or ways to prioritise patient characteristics worth recording.